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Based on accurately identifying farmers' livelihood risks, this paper investigates the effects of farmers' livelihood assets on their livelihood risks and adaptation strategies. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers in Rugao City. The results show that natural risks and market risks are the main livelihood risks for farmers in agricultural production. Farmers' social, financial and human assets can mitigate their livelihood risks in agricultural production, while natural and physical assets have the opposite effects. Most farmers chose crop variety adjustment, water and fertilizer management, agricultural finance and agrotechnical support to deal with livelihood risks. Social, natural and physical assets have significant and positive effects on farmers' adoption of adaptation strategies, while human and financial assets have relatively weak influences. • We examine the effect of livelihood assets on livelihood risks and adaptation strategies. • Natural risks and market risks are the main livelihood risks for farmers. • Most farmers adopted adaptation strategies to deal with livelihood risks. • Social, financial and human assets can mitigate farmers' livelihood risks. • Social, natural and physical assets facilitate adopting adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]