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This paper describes the research published during the period 2011-2020 by five leading Spanish peer-reviewed journals of communication, aiming to identify the most common theoretical frameworks and standard theories. A statistically representative sample of the articles published during that period was systematically selected from the five journals of communication ranked as having the greatest continuity and impact according to SJR-Scopus: Profesional de la Información, Comunicar, Communication & Society, Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico and Revista Latina de Comunicación Social. A coding protocol that includes 13 variables and 74 categories was defined and applied to compare the type of theoretical frameworks and the theories in the different subject areas observed. The results show that although almost all the papers studied have a theoretical framework, fewer than half are grounded on recognizable theories. Specifically, journalism and digital communication are the two subject areas whose articles frequently include standard theories: in journalism by the support of classical theories of communication (framing, agenda setting, journalistic professional cultures and roles), and in digital communication by the support of more theoretically dispersed frameworks. Theoretical frameworks developed by literature review are common in other subject areas (such as audiovisual studies, public relations and documentation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Manuela and Beatriz cases were introduced in the Inter-American human rights system as strategic litigation to provoke an Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruling that would create abortion rights in El Salvador, one of the most prolife countries in the region. The American Convention on Human Rights, a regional treaty binding on most Latin American and Caribbean countries, contains no provision on abortion, or on sexual and reproductive rights. It does contain, however, in article 4(1) a recognition of the unborn child's right to life and to legal protection thereof: «Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life». This paper analyzes arguments in the Beatriz Case, the ruling for which is still pending at the time of this writing, and the Manuela decision, issued in 2022, where the court gave the shocking and unprecedented order to create practical impunity for the crime of infanticide in national law. The paper examines its unexpected results and potential effects in national law, should the state choose to comply with all the orders given by the judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes a novel approach to the functional transformation of the public communication of science and technology in the context of the commodification of academia and academic research. It contends that the public representations of university-industry relations and academic entrepreneurship policy should be understood as an instance of the leveraging of the public communication of science and technology for propaganda purposes. To substantiate this approach, this paper elaborates on the concept and functions of propaganda by drawing from traditional and contemporary scholarship. It also examines what the commodification of academic knowledge production consists of, underscoring its contradictions and the negative consequences that it has had for some domains of social life, including academia itself. In view of the foregoing, it is possible to hypothesise the use of the public communication of science and technology for disseminating the ‘ideology of academic entrepreneurship’ for propaganda purposes. The final section outlines some general criteria that ought to be considered when operationalising this theoretical framework for analysing the media coverage of university-industry relations and academic entrepreneurship. The approach described here should be understood as a first step towards uncovering and criticising the ‘common sense’ on which the contemporary political economy of academic knowledge production rests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on scandals is a privileged way to explore jointly media and political systems, and the links between them. In this article, we explore how the coverage of political corruption in digital native and paper newspapers has the characteristics of politically oriented scandals (Mancini, 2019), which are more common in polarized pluralist systems, like the Spanish one. To do so, we have studied the scandals related to the former King of Spain, Juan Carlos I. In the research, we have analyzed the evolution of media coverage on the topic between July 1, 2014, and March 1, 2021 in three different paper newspapers (El País, El Mundo and ABC). During this period, 889 journalistic pieces were published in these three newspapers. Also, we have conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a sample of 334 pieces from the last year covered by the research (2020-2021) on El País, El Mundo and ABC and on digital natives El Español and elDiario.es. The results show a political instrumentalization of the scandal, media partisanship (the media support some political parties' positions) in El País, elDiario.es and ABC; and ideological polarization (analyzed content presents two politically opposed groups) in ABC and elDiario.es. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While studies of live video streaming focus primarily on donations from an economic perspective and streamers’ endorsement of donations, our study draws attention to the phenomenon of unwanted content, particularly in the context of donations. The paper examines the behavior of gaming live streamers on two leading streaming platforms: YouTube and Twitch. Our study covered hundreds of hours of public live streams conducted by streamers from four countries. Recognizing the unequal roles of streamers and their audiences, we introduce the term ‘audience generated content’ (AGC) as a subset of user generated content (UGC). In the article, we present features and conditions that may cause streamers to be reluctant about the donations they receive. We also provide typology and characteristics of strategies to overcome unwanted donations. Since aversion to certain donations is often related to their hateful nature, our article also highlights the major flaws in algorithmic monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the relationship between the legal form of a company and its size with the degree of achievement of the social SDGs. To do so, we worked with a random sample of 351 companies located in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results indicate that the legal form is not a determinant of the degree of implementation of the social SDGs; however, size is, as it is SMEs that have the greatest difficulties in the incorporation of these SDGs. The findings provide guidance to the Public Administration in the implementation of policies and aid focused on this type of company, so that they can meet the challenges set by the 2030 Agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a framework that provides an analytical tool to identify key managerial elements and concerns that can improve corporate social innovation (CSI) in organizational culture. It combines a systematic review of the literature and focus group methodologies. The main contribution is the development of a framework composed of analytical categories based on the influence of seven factors and fifteen elements identified from a systematic review of the literature. This article underlines the significant contribution that some factors may play in enabling the role of CSI in organizational culture. This type of research is necessary given the scarcity of proposals in general, and the lack of a specific integrative framework in the field of organizational culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the protection of equality and non-discrimination of healthcare professionals who refuse to perform abortions for reasons of conscience. It also discusses to what extent ethos-based healthcare entities can discriminate their employees on religious or ideological grounds and subject them to duties of loyalty towards their ethos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Foucault's thesis of the reduction of philosophy to a form of knowledge in Descartes and the consequent abandonment of classical spirituality, that is, of philosophy conceived as a way of life based on self-care. From here, as well as observing that Foucault himself will qualify this thesis, it will be shown that in Descartes philosophy is still essentially linked to spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I consider the question of self-governing in relation to MacIntyrean practices. It is not uncommon to discover MacIntyrean practices being described as self-governing in at least some sense. However, while there are seemingly valid reasons for why this might be thought the case, in my paper I argue that there is something very different visible in MacIntyre’s writings here. Indeed, what I want to emphasise regarding MacIntyre’s position in relation to the governing of practices is that rather than self-governing, at most MacIntyrean practices are self-directing or self-guiding. Therefore, although for MacIntyre governing of practices is fundamentally important, what I draw attention to is how, on the whole, this governing happens from outside, and that direction and guidance if and when it does happen, happens in a very specific, internal way aside from governing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Netflix has shaken up audiovisual industry, but what about academic research? This bibliometric analysis focuses on 210 papers indexed in Web of Science that address this issue. We examine the author, university of affiliation, language, journal, keywords, year of publication, citations received, and categories covered in WoS. We also conducted a quantitative analysis of abstracts and papers to identify the most recurrent methodologies, themes, and samples. Our results highlight a rise in Netflix studies in recent years and their tendency to analyse specific audiovisual works. There are many qualitative analysis of specific Netflix hits, but none of the shows particularly stands out. It also shows a rise in "Communication" and "Film, Radio & Television" papers (40% of them), although academic interest relies on Netflix corporate culture, business, and algorithm. These studies are mainly carried out using a qualitative methodology (83%). More than half of the articles focus on one of the Netflix series and, among them, the greatest interest lies in the representation of specific issues; gender, race and sexuality are present in 25% of the works in the sample (n=210). At the same time, among the 367 authors signing these research papers, the parity between men (51%) and women (49%) is almost absolute. It appears that the geographical and linguistic variety of papers is related to Netflix's global expansion and that the sheer number of titles covered reveals a fleeting attention due to Netflix's trademark: swift and concentrated consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitals use different technological tools to implement corporate communication initiatives and, in this way, improve their relationships with stakeholders (employees, patients, media companies) and build a reputed brand. However, they face different barriers: limited budgets for corporate communication, strict legal frameworks, and stakeholders’ new needs regarding information and emotional support. This paper aims to analyze how the 100 best hospitals in the United States manage smart technologies to promote their brand. To do that, we conducted a literature review about smart hospitals, branding, and corporate communication; and then we defined 34 quantitative indicators to evaluate how the hospitals previously mentioned managed their websites, online newsrooms, about us sections, and artificial intelligence department web sites for reputation purposes. Our results proved that most hospitals respected indicators related to the homepage (8.67/11) but not those referring to online newsrooms (4.44/11) or about us sections (2.66/6). Besides, only 23 hospitals had implemented a department specialized in artificial intelligence that collaborated with external organizations. We concluded that most American hospitals focused their reputation efforts on patients rather than other targets (media companies, employees, suppliers, shareholders); and that these organizations did not integrate enough artificial intelligence projects into their smart branding initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the central topics of 2023 with extensive media coverage of the most relevant technologies and issues associated with this subject. In a highly competitive digital media landscape, search engine optimization (SEO) has become cybermedia’s primary strategy to increase visibility and attract more readers. The objective of this paper is to analyze the visibility of content published by the media relating to artificial intelligence, focusing on a selection of related keywords. The research also aims to investigate how this visibility has impacted both the technologies themselves and the analyzed media outlets. A total of 69 media outlets from 12 European Union countries, the United States, and the United Kingdom were examined. The results reveal a pronounced dominance of U.S. media, closely followed by Spanish media. There is an uneven distribution of media outlets across most of the countries analyzed, with two or three most of the of visibility. The search queries that contribute the most visibility to the analyzed media align with an informational intent, are of the long-tail type, and are associated with OpenAI technologies, particularly ChatGPT. Moreover, these queries are primarily found in news sections dedicated to science and technology. The findings underscore both the increasing interest in the subject and the effective SEO practices of certain media outlets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of artificial intelligence on people’s lives is demonstrated today. Previous literature has shown that the use of a specific technology is directly linked to the individuals’ intention to use it. The aim of this paper is to study the factors that determine the adoption and use of artificial intelligence and big data in Spain, using a research model based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), proposed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). This work addresses the specific gap in the validation of the original theoretical model of UTAUT in two dimensions, with respect to the adoption of artificial intelligence by citizens and with respect to the factors that influence this adoption, evaluating the previous ones and proposing some new ones considering the current context. The methodology used is based on a national survey, and it analyzes the research model using the statistical technique of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), which details the mediating and moderating relationships between constructs. The results show that Intention to Use has a direct positive influence on the Use of artificial Intelligence and big data, confirming previous literature. Performance Expectancy is the strongest predictor of Intention to Use, and indirectly of the adoption of artificial intelligence and big data applications. Effort Expectancy, in its application to the adoption of AI and big data by citizens, is an indirect determinant mediated by the Intention to Use, but its total effect (direct + indirect) is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consolidation of digital television via subscription video on demand (SVOD) services has created an unprecedented increase in the consumption of serialised TV shows, which has had direct consequences on the content production sector. Faced with an increasingly demanding, hyperconnected and discerning audience and a supply of content never previously seen, television production and distribution strategies are involved in a process of change and adaptation. This paper seeks to analyse the production of Spanish television series created to be distributed on SVOD platforms. The aim is to know the role that production companies play in the creation of television series for SVOD so as to identify strategies and cooperative alliances between production companies and platforms and to detect possible patterns and trends in the operations of the audiovisual market. Using a mixed methodology that combines quantitative study with qualitative data analysis, the 88 Spanish TV series and miniseries that premiered on SVOD platforms from 2016 to 2021 are analysed, taking as a starting point the year in which these platforms began operating in Spain. The results confirm a trend towards cooperation between independent production companies and the platforms themselves, while no presence of in-house production is observed. Likewise, the atomisation of the role of production companies in the context of SVOD is shown, a phenomenon that already existed in generalist television production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will study the impact of marriage on the social status of three women from the Jewish community of the island of Elephantine during the 5th century B.C. We will see that through the marriage bond, manumission is achieved, social status is maintained, and patrimony is protected. Certainly, only in the case of our first protagonist does her marriage result in a clear social promotion. In the other two cases, marriage serves as protection against the detriment of one's own status. Although, obviously, the primary purpose of the institution of marriage is not to reinforce or maintain social status, a study of the ketuboth (marriage contracts) of our protagonists will show us the clauses that allow room for maneuver in order to achieve the objectives of promotion or protection of status alluded to above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the first study on the construct validity of the GRS 2 Rating Scale for Teachers in Spain, on a sample of 348 subjects. A confirmatory factorial study, CFA, was carried out using robust least squares estimation procedures (WLSMV). A sixfactor structure has been selected that explains 66% of the variance. The fit indices of the model are satisfactory (CFI, .93; TLI, .93). Convergent validity (AVE, .66) and composite reliability (between .87 and .96) are adequate. This scale is the first validated in Spain and provides a relevant measure for the identification of high ability students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) into Spanish educational legislation as a framework for addressing student diversity has been met with criticism. Three main objections can be identified. Firstly, the lack of evidence supporting its neuroscientific basis. Secondly, the scarcity of empirical data to demonstrate its efficacy for improving learning. Thirdly, the difficulty in operationalizing and implementing its framework in practice. Based on a thorough review of key literature on UDL, this paper delves into and discusses these limitations considering the theoretical and practical foundations of the model. Furthermore, research directions are pointed out to advance its development, exploring its potential as a framework for identifying barriers for learning in lesson plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attemps to analyze the consequences of the ethics of care in legal-political sphere. The proposals of a theory of moral development condition not only the individual but also his or her position in the framework of institutions and the international community. The paper first analyzes the contribution of the ethics of care and the differences with respect to the ethics of justice; it then focuses on the analysis of the field of institutions and international law, concluding with a snapshot of the current situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a particular aspect of Paolo Mantegazza's (1831-1910) work: the establishment of the Museo Psicologico as part of his anthropological project. The study begins by examining the general characteristics of Mantegazza's anthropological viewpoint, justifying the inclusion of comparative psychology as a subfield of anthropological psychology, with a focus on the key principles that served as the theoretical foundation for the establishment of the Museum. Subsequently, the proposal for the foundation of the Museum will be analyzed, including a description of the theoretical and methodological principles underlying the selection and arrangement of the objects to be collected. Finally, the paper will describe the Museo Psicologico at the time of its inauguration, providing an overview of its organization in the following years and an attempt to uncover the reasons behind its abrupt dissolution after the death of its founder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the uses in legal language of the terms allegality or allegal. Recently these terms have been incorporated into the Dictionary of The Royal Academic Spanish Academy of Language, however, there is a use of them in doctrinal, jurisprudential and even legal language. Firstly, the very definition provided by the Dictionary and its confusing or contradictory nature is studied. Next, the relationship of legality with the principle of permission is raised, that is, if in any case the absence of express regulation of a matter implies that there are a series of behaviors that are allowed by the legal system. On the other hand, it is evaluated if the allegality, the lack of a legal norm that regulates an area of social life, means that we are facing a legal gap or before spaces that cannot and should not be regulated by law. That is to say, if the behaviors not regulated by the law necessarily have to be resolved through the integration of the law or if they are aspects that do not belong to the legal sphere. We also study the fact that the allegal may represent a problem not so much of integration of legal norms but of interpretation of law, in which the attribution of meaning to normative statements may imply a lack of legal response. An analysis is made, below, of the use of terms «allegal» and «allegality» in the legal, jurisprudential and doctrinal discourse. From the legislative point of view, there are few cases in which the normative statements contain the terms allegal or allegality. Very exceptionally, in norms with a lower rank, and in general in the Statement of Reasons, these expressions are used. These terms are used in this speech as a synonymous with illegal. In the jurisprudential discourse we find that our courts make more frequent use of the terms allegal or allegality, even long before its incorporation into the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy of Language. In this language, a plurality of meanings is given to the these statements, perhaps predominating their identification with the assumptions of illegality, the allegal is illegal. However, in other cases these expressions are used to refer to a legal situation with legal significance and the judge integrates the law to provide a legal response. The gaps in the law are resolved through the self-integration mechanisms provided by the legal system itself. But there are also cases in which legality is understood to be those cases that have no legal significance and therefore are unrelated to the judicial decision. The judicial discourse refers to these cases as cases that do not have to be regulated by the legal norm. As for the doctrinal language, it is necessary to point out that terms allegality o allegal also have a plurivocal character, probably having a greater weight than that in which the regulation of a matter is requested, de lege ferenda, citing reasons that would improve insufficient regulation. In most cases, the regulation and prohibition of certain behaviors is postulated. In this sense, the authors allude to the allegal as a pathology of the legal system that must be remedied by the legislator. Notwithstanding this, there are also cases in which conducts contrary to law and, therefore, punishable are indentified with illegality. This plurality of meanings and their redundant nature in some cases mean that we must reconsider the incorporation of these terms into legal language. From our point o view, they do not provide security and create confusion in different legal discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problematic aspects of the thesis that bases human rights on the dignity of the person are presented. Following the metaphysics of the person of Thomas Aquinas, the ontological consistency referred to in this term is studied. Then the ideological inspiration of both modern «human rights» and Kantian ballast dignity is reviewed. The elements of natural rights that still exist in modern human rights theory are based on human nature, not directly and exclusively in the ontological dignity of the person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the protection of victims of forced migration from the perspective of the philosophy of law and international human rights law. On the one hand, it focuses on the origin and philosophical-legal foundations of human dignity and its practical requirements as a legal principle. Understood in this sense, dignity is considered as the foundation of the most basic human rights; and implies universally enforceable legal prerogatives in favor of all persons, by the mere fact of their human nature; and without considering exogenous factors, such as origin or nationality. Within this context, fundamental notions such as ius communcationis, or the right of sociability of human beings and hospitality, which entail a common use of the universal land within the comunitas orbis or universal community, are recovered. It is concluded that, despite the efforts and the many legal instruments that exist in this regard, and which are based on the dignity of the individual, the protection afforded to them in practice is not sufficient. The reason for this lies in several factors, in particular, in the fact that although human dignity can be considered as the basis for the recognition of human rights on equal terms, its scope is limited to the most fundamental rights, such as life or the prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, but does not imply more specific rights such as freedom of movement or residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the practice of photojournalism in Spain and, specifically, focuses on the study of the graphic archive of the EFE Agency (1939-) and its own production, developed within and outside its borders. The acquisition of funds has been taken into consideration as part of this process and, in the same way, it has also been necessary to consider the creation, in the year 2000, of the digital graphic archive: The Photo Library, inheritance of the thematic classification of analog and the nomenclature and, in this process, the documentation system used has been contributed as a result of the conclusions - through primary sources and direct observation - with emphasis on the thematic classification used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Erasmus and stoicism is very lightly discussed in contemporary political and philosophical historiography, being itself extremely relevant in helping to understand the complex spirituality of late 16th-century courtly and humanist circles. Moreover, it is of great interest with regards to the understanding of the anthropological and political limits of ErasmusÂ's project, whose philosophical sources have not been sufficiently analyzed. This paper aims to explain and clarify the nature of thus relation, positing it in the context of the great historical and intellectual problems of the Hispanic Monarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contrast to the traditional interpretation that reduces Spanish-French rivalry to a succession of military confrontations that originated during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, this paper offers a more complex reading of the phenomena of emulation/competition and admiration/seduction between the two monarchies during the first phase of the Italian Wars. Thanks to a re-reading of diplomatic sources and propagandistic production, it shows to what extent the yearnings for religious reform, defence against Ottoman expansion or the recovery of the Christian East conditioned the perceptions and justifications of both powers, which needed the Apostolic See to legitimise their Mediterranean aspirations and their leadership in Christendom. However, there are differences in the means employed and in the degree of synergy with the papacy between the Valois and the last Trastamara monarchies that explain the ascendence of the latter in the early modern period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper that follows I intend to shed new light on the relationships shared by Luis Vélez de Guevara's El Águila del Agua and Quevedo's comedy Pero Vázquez de Escamilla. Both dramatic poems, as documented by Plata, share the subtitle Representación española and the presence of Pero Vázquez Escamilla. In the scholar's opinion, the authors would have agreed to write two pieces in parallel on the same material. The viability of the hypothesis lies mainly in the intertextualitty of Quevedo's jácaras, which were reworked and reused by many playwrights in the 17th century, who also, on different occasions, gave continuity to the protagonists of his poetic jácaras. Our interpretation is also reinforced by the composition of El Diablo Cojuelo, a story full of stylistic uses reminiscent of Quevedo, a reference for Vélez. Everything mentioned above --with the coda of the dates ofcomposition-- leads us to conclude that Vélez de Guevara revives the literary delinquent later, inserting the character in a new fiction inspired by the extraordinary events that Quevedo had attributed to the valiente in his comedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I focus on three mythological fables published in the Portuguese anthology A fénix renascida (1716-1728) that reflect the appropriation of Luis de Góngora's epilio, either through paraphrase or burlesque parody, questioning the uses of poetry, between erudition and vulgarisation.. I give mainly attention to Jacinto Freire de Andrade's «Fábula de Polifemo e Galatea» in order to understand a fundamental issue in these «burlas»: the satire of the literary institution. In the wake of the Gongorianpolemic, the mockery surrounding don Luis 'poem attacks the context ofthe professionalization of poetry in the Siglo de Oro. Through Andrade's poem, it becomes clear that the setting of Góngora's poem and, especially, the song ofthe cyclops, point towards the vicissitudes of poetry's craft, especially the poetry of praise, where «commission» goes hand in hand with conceptismo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speculative fiction is based on one main question: what if? This paper addresses the question of how audiences interpret such interrogative. In particular, our main interest lies in knowing how the different political ideologemes that may inhabit speculative fiction are signified. Thus, in this study we have focused on the genre of dystopia. To this end, a total of five focus groups were carried out. Specifically, the ideologemes tested in the reception study belong to socialism, conservatism, neoliberalism, liberalism and religious fundamentalism. The significance of these ideological values is empirically grounded in extensive qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent and spread of social networking sites have been the object of study of most of the research performed on political communication over the past 25 years. However, more recent inquiries have indicated that the political establishment still has not fully exploited the interactive potential of these media. Against this backdrop, this paper presents the results of a systematic study of the communication between the main political parties in Andalusia (the most populous region in Spain) and the citizenry on Twitter, with the aim of confirming whether or not it is really interactive and participatory. To this end, the spotlight is placed here on those parties most active online and on the way in which they foster interactivity, the subjects that they broach and the functions of their messages. The data were obtained from a content analysis of the tweets (n = 10,729) posted on the official profiles of the main Andalusian parties in 2020. The results indicate that there was no interactive communication with the citizenry, despite the fact that they were in much need of reassurance owing to the unprecedented situation to which the COVID-19 pandemic had given rise. The Andalusian political parties still use social networking sites for the one-way dissemination of information, which shows that they are not, in practice, horizontal and participatory spaces of communication, as the cyber-optimists, defending the innovation hypothesis, predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the drafting of the section on other acts of worship, and sacred places and times in the current Code, it was necessary to define and distinguish between canon and liturgical law in order to decide which canons were to be retained and which might be rewritten into the new text of the CIC. This paper explores the documents that deal with this subject, already known due to the publication of the proceedings, and presents fragments of other, previously unpublished documents, from the ‘minutes’ of the process stored in the archive of the Dicastery for Legislative Texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defence diplomacy and public diplomacy are two diplomatic practices often treated in the literature as two disconnected realms. While the former focuses on the peaceful and cooperative use of armed forces, the latter emphasizes on the advancement of strategic communication in the international policy of actors. However, it is possible to bridge the differences between the two using the concept of soft power. By doing so, defence public diplomacy can be understood as a set of practices developed by states seeking to influence and attract third states while employing military force within these parameters. This paper contributes firstly to the conceptual debate bridging both types of diplomacies. Secondly, it selects a case study, Spain, to examine the perceptions of three different Spanish elites involved in the formulation and implementation of defence public policy: politicians, the military and defence industry managers. This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews, focus groups with experts, and manual content analysis of primary documentary sources. The results show that these elites agree on the importance of defence diplomacy for the achievement of state goals but continue to understand it fundamentally from a classical diplomatic prism. They also discuss the inclusion of new concepts, such as deterrence, as part of a defence public diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public diplomacy, despite its numerous and varied definitions, is essentially a communications process. By engaging the academic literature of public diplomacy with Lasswell's model of communication and Braddock's rearticulation of his model, this paper proposes an integrated framework that allows for the systematization of public diplomacy research. The framework is composed of the independent variable of context, which influences a set of dependent variables: the actors, publics, messages, objectives and tools of public diplomacy. Accordingly, this paper argues that public diplomacy research has been traditionally approached from an agent-centric perspective, and despite its obvious significance, the influence of context has been understudied. In order to test the utility of the model, the paper applies it to the case study of the European Union's public diplomacy during two different settings. First, it will expose the main characteristics of the EU's public diplomacy during times of globalization, where the EU's public diplomacy was characterized by its normativity. Subsequently, the current context of deglobalization and de-europeanization will be introduced and analyzed through the following research question: what happens to the EU's public diplomacy when the founding myth upon which it is constructed is under threat? By altering the context, one can easily see an emerging but clear transformation of the characteristics of the EU's public diplomacy. By analyzing official, policy, and legal documents, and engaging with the academic literature on the topic, the paper concludes that the main objective of the EU's public diplomacy in a changing world should be to provide for ontological security through (emotional) strategic metanarratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to focus on two controversial points of Professor Riccardo Guastini’s theory, on the one hand, and on the way in which the indeterminacy of the field of application of constitutional principles bears on the discretionary power of constitutional judges, on the other. Thus, the thesis that I defend in this paper is that, despite the constitutional judge have a wide margin of discretion, also there are objective parameters into his decision process that rationalize this discretion; which is more clearly appreciated from functional and institutional point of view rather just one theoretical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of crime and the different types of crimes included in Revised Book VI, comparing it with the previous version of Book VI in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and highlighting similarities, differences and novelties. Some critical commentary is also provided, comprising proposals de iure condendo. The new system of titles categorizing the different crimes is discussed, as one of the most innovative and positive elements of the reform. The new types of crime outlined in Part II of the new Book VI are briefly described, except those in c. 1398, which would require more detailed, separate study. The author also analyzes the origins of the newly included crimes. Finally, the paper describes the most innovative and positive aspects of Revised Book VI, such as the formulation of the principle of the presumption of innocence, new financial crimes, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the concept of the impact area as the intersection between the common issues of the personal agenda and the public agenda. Expanding the concept of agenda-setting effects, which focuses mainly on the relation between the public and media agendas, we have examined the congruity of the public agenda and the personal agenda as a contingent condition for the strength of these effects. The concept also distinguishes between the top-priority issues of the public and personal agendas, setting out that the general public's search for information about these top-priority issues highlights the need for orientation. We used data from Spain to focus on the national elections (2011, 2015 and 2019), plus the beginning of the pandemic (2020). The study includes a content analysis of the El País daily newspaper for the four periods and a variety of surveys and representative electoral barometers. To those data we have added an analysis of the main search topics on Google Trends for each of the four years. The results reveal that variations in the relationship between the public and personal agendas are linked to the strength of the agenda-setting effect between the media and public agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years we have witnessed a resurgence of populism, which has relied on the virality of social networks to deepen its roots in society and spread its ideas. This paper analyses the populist strategies used by all parties to viralise their messages in the online environment, regardless of ideology. The present research has also examined the possible existence of complementary strategies used by the parties' organisational profiles and those of their leaders. To this end, a content analysis has been carried out regarding the publications made on Twitter during the 2019 election campaign. The posts have been delimited to those made by the parties and candidates that attained the highest percentage of representation in the Congress of Deputies, which include the PSOE, PP, Vox, and Unidas Podemos. The findings show that all the parties under study resorted to this type of strategy. The parties closest to centre of the political spectrum, both right and left, used mostly a populist strategy aimed predominantly at attacking their adversaries, while Vox and Unidas Podemos articulated their discourse beyond this argument, with Vox appealing to the emotions of the nation and Podemos positioning itself as the peoples' advocate. Furthermore, a complementary strategy used by both the parties and their leaders has been identified, which fosters the expansion of these kinds of populist ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to shed a critical light on the moral panic surrounding multiple-perpetrator rape (MPR) in Spain, by exploring the interplay between official statistics of this type of crime, and the depiction in the media. The concordance between media representation and the statistical reality of crime raises questions: (1) how multiple perpetrator assault and its assailants are represented in media narratives (content analysis) is examined, including the content, framing, and underlying themes within the media coverage, with a particular emphasis on the role of nationality, and (2) this representation is compared to official crime statistics (Ministry of Home Affairs report on crimes against sexual freedom and indemnity in Spain (detentions/accused) and the statistics of the sentences passed by various Spanish Provincial Courts between 2005 and 2020 from criminal justice data), and to what extent, they align. If they do not align, do news portrayals influence a moral panic? In conclusion, the idea of tabloid justice (Fox et al., 2001) is not present in the three largest Spanish daily newspapers from 2005 to 2021. There is a misrepresentation of non-Spanish nationalities having the highest rates, Romanians being underrepresented and the French being overrepresented. Media coverage perceives tourists as a certain danger, and is questioning the idea of certain non-Spanish immigrants as 'folk devils.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers, in their teaching practice, link the use of ICT with their pedagogical beliefs, although this connection needs further study. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to determine the structural relationship between the use of ICT and the pedagogical beliefs of teachers, since both constructs contribute to ICT integration. A quantitative research design of correlational type and a sample of 1002 teachers of Primary Education and Secondary Education were used. The results show the positive relationship of the use of technological resources with the constructivist conception, while in the traditional conception the results are reversed. Similarly, they point to the existence of three groups. Therefore, teacher training in the constructivist conception is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the 19th century, Cardinal Mercier founded the Higher Institute of Philosophy (HIPh) in Louvain, an academic centre that sought to harmonise Thomistic doctrine with both modern science and philosophy. The Vasque priest Juan Zaragüeta Bengoechea was trained in the HIPh and occupied a prominent place in Spanish academic life during the first half of the 20th century, making important contributions to philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, and Spanish culture in general. This paper presents a portrait of Zaragüeta and briefly outlines some of the key aspects of his conception of psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After situating the encyclical Spe salvi in the double context of the theology of hope and the thought of Joseph Ratzinger-Benedict XVI, the paper deals with two particularly important topics of the encyclical. The first concerns the profound relationship between faith and hope, taking into account the two biblical texts that are used as a reference by Benedict XVI, namely: Eph 2:12 and Heb 11:1. The second topic dealt with in the paper relates to the places where hope is learned (prayer, action, suffering). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with CELAM's II Conference (Medellín, 1968) reception of collegiality and communion, and shows that, even if the Conference did not talk about synodality, it anticipated the idea. It assumes that synodality is a way of being and operating in the Church that defines pastoral work. Thus, it explains that Medellín was original in the use of an enlarged notion of collegiality, which would lead to the actual use of the term synodality. The paper stresses the importance of the main speakers at the Conference for the correct assimilation of such ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores whether the creation of a parliamentary investigation commission on the abuse of minors by members of the clergy or in the context of activities organized by the Catholic Church falls within the remit of the nature and purposes of such commissions. The article also examines whether or not the creation of an Ombudsman-led commission for the same purpose complies with the constitutional precepts that regulate that office and the relationships between religious confessions and the State. Finally, the paper discusses whether the current legal procedures and rules justify the number of cases of abuses committed by members of the clergy brought by the State Attorney General's Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of a broader discussion about the role of legal precedent in the jurisdiction of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, this paper focuses on certain aspects of its jurisprudence in terms of legitimacy and the exact observance and uniform interpretation of the law. Focusing on the specificity of some definitive sentences in which, hypothetically speaking, the ratio decidendi may be identified as an indispensable assumption of precedent, the paper emphasises some advantages of judgement based on precedent. Drawing on an analysis of its legal activity, it may be concluded that judgment via precedent is, for the time being, a principle of lege ferenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross between aging and progressive dependence gives rise to one of the most vulnerable stages in the existence of every human being. In this paper I ask myself to what extent the perspective of human rights is being correctly applied to this group of elderly and highly dependent people. To answer this question, I begin by distinguishing between the concepts of existential vulnerability and constructed vulnerability. While the first must be assumed by individuals and cared for by society, the second must be fought. Next, I review the public policies that have been promoted at a global and regional level in relation to the recognition of the rights of older people who are becoming increasingly dependent. This review leads me to notice a certain disproportion between the insistence on guaranteeing the rights of the elderly who can act autonomously compared to those who, being highly dependent and close to dying, can barely lead an independent life. This emphasis on active and healthy ageing, if it does not integrate long-term and end-of-life care, may end up turning against older people when they are more fragile, because it is based on a lack of knowledge of existential vulnerability that generates constructed vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper points out the legal vulnerability to which doctors and other health agents are exposed as a result of the approval of the Spanish Organic Law 3/2021, of March 24, regulating euthanasia. The first part offers a comparative study of the various deontological oaths for physicians in ancient times and in the present. The essential principles of medical activity and the doctor-patient relationship are deduced from them, as well as the intrinsic relationship between medical work and the ethics of care; in the second part, the articles of the new law that seem to harm doctors and/or the exercise of their activity are analysed and counter-argued. The third part concludes with a reflection on the necessary measures that should guarantee the protection of the fundamental rights of health agents and their professional activity in accordance with the current legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text discusses what fragility is, how many ways it has been interpreted and how many ways we can interpret it. The first section starts from some etymological and historical-cultural reflections. The second one discusses some paradigms of fragility, and some existential and historical models: from ancient to modern and post-modern times. In the final part, the paper addresses the ambiguities hidden in the term resilience and discusses the so-called theory of the anti-fragile, indicating its possibilities and limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medicalisation of childbirth is a worldwide trend, that has its roots in past centuries. Despite being a widely studied phenomenon, the attempts taken to prevent its spread have rarely been addressed. This research presents the measures taken by the health authorities against the medicalisation of childbirth in Spain, in the early twentieth century. The episode was linked to a famous obstetrician, Miguel Orellano, who published several papers advocating a new method of conducting a delivery. This method involved a great deal of unnecessary intervention that turned delivery into a major surgical procedure. We will see if the health authorities have achieved their goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the evolution of the memory of the conflict known as the Rif War (1921-1926), both in Spain and Morocco, contrasting the visions in both countries and making a special emphasis on its main milestones and protagonists, such as the episode of Annual and the figure of Abdelkrim. In the Spanish case, both the Franco dictatorship and the democratic period up to the present day will be covered, while the Moroccan case will be analyzed from independence in 1956 to 2021, the date on which the centenary of Annual was commemorated. Attention will be paid to the political and social uses of history through the politics of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing plays a key role in the configuration of human and organizational actions through the design, digitalization and communication of social and economic values. In a digital age, Marketing strategies are at the center of several controversies like the growth of consumeristic practices, environmental damage and public opinion manipulation among others. However, Marketing is a scientific discipline and practice that demonstrated its capacity to increase people's quality of life. The objective of this paper is to present a theoretical framework of Humanistic Marketing for the promotion of quality of life based on Human-to-Human Marketing, Strategic Orchestration and Social Marketing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]