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• Experiences from SWH systems mandatory installation in China were summarized. • The interaction of seven stakeholders in SWH building application was analyzed. • Three key factors for the successful mandatory installation of SWH were summarized. • Recommendations were given for using the mandatory installation policy effectively. • The government should regularly evaluate the effectiveness of policy implementation. The paper summarizes the implementation experiences and lessons learned from the solar water heating (SWH) system mandatory installation policy in China. In-depth interviews, questionnaire surveys and field investigation were conducted to understand the prevailing attitudes of the stakeholders associated with the application of SWH in buildings. Scenario analysis was used to analyze the effect of expanding the coverage of mandatory installation policies. The results show that due to the strong market externalities of SWH building applications, the government must provide inducements to stakeholders through mandatory policies or fiscal incentives to create an impetus for them to use SWH extensively. For China, it is necessary to strengthen and support the utilization of renewable energy policies and extend the mandatory installation policy of SWH systems to taller buildings to fulfill the national renewable energy application goals. The most reasonable technical route, full process control, and attention to system operation and maintenance are the three key factors for the successful implementation of a mandatory installation policy for SWH systems. The policy recommendations presented in this paper can not only be applied to China but also other developing countries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and availability of Uncalibrated Phase Delay (UPD) solutions are crucial to the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) service, and the long-term temporal variability and its contributing factors should be better understood. In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the long-term time-varying characteristics of each UPD product respectively generated by a global and regional network and their interoperable application in PPP-AR (ambiguity resolution), the sampling of the WL and NL UPDs are daily and 30 s, respectively. Firstly, in terms of our 30 day Wide-Lane (WL) UPD products of 31 satellites, the Standard Deviation (STD) of each satellite WL UPDs ranges from 0.04 to 0.06 cycles, indicating that the long-term prediction accuracy of satellite WL UPD is sufficient for fixing Wide-Lane ambiguities. Secondly, when a satellite in eclipsing the discontinulity may corrupt the determination of Narrow-Lane (NL) UPD in form of offset, as a result of lacking or poor satellite attitude dynamic modeling. When the influence of discontinuity is removed, the STD of our estimated satellite NL UPDs is less than 0.05 cycles. Thirdly, the STD of our estimated receiver WL UPDs is mainly below 0.2 cycles, which implies that its stability is one order poorer that of the satellite. In addition, if they are used for stations in and around the network covered region, the stability of the UPD products from the CMONOC (Crustal Movement Observation Network of China) is better than that from a global network, benefit from the fact that all the CMONOC stations are equipped with the same receiver type. Finally, the PPP-AR results show that a rate of 82.9% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 69.5% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80% can be achieved when using UPD from the global network, which is worse than that of using UPD from the CMONOC (85.7% for stations with a WL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 90% while 75% for stations with an NL-ambiguity-fixed rate of over 80%). The results of the experiment on the UPD interoperable application in PPP show that the global network UPD products can provide a fast AR at any single station, and the convergence time is well below 25 min. Particularly, when the location of a station is in and around the regional network, our results show that the PPP results obtained using regional UPDs enable the consistent use of global UPDs. When the location of a station is far away from the regional network, using the regional UPDs can not achieve PPP-AR. Finally, the WL UPDs of the previous day is used for forecasting to estimate the NL UPDs, the stability analysis results of NL UPDs solution and positioning results are demonstrate the validity of forecasted UPD products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the policy effects of China's largest social assistance program on the psychological health and wellbeing of the recipients by the regression discontinuity approach based on the 2014 China Family Panel Studies Survey (CFPS). By excluding other confounding factors and addressing the endogeneity problems, this paper shows that China's minimum living security system (MLSS) has produced significant welfare stigmatizing effects which have negatively influenced recipients' psychological health and wellbeing. The MLSS reduces recipients' self-satisfaction towards life, decreases the levels of happiness and self-confidence, and results in poorer interpersonal relationships and self-evaluations. It also increases the probabilities of feeling depressed, helpless and hopeless. The frequencies reporting having the difficulties of doing something are significantly higher among the MLSS recipients. Corresponding strategies and professional services are required for reducing the welfare stigmatizing effects on recipients' psychological health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of residential self-selection has become a major subject in the debate over the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior. Numerous previous empirical studies on this subject have provided valuable insights into the associations between the built environment and travel behavior. However, the vast majority of the studies were conducted in North American and European cities; yet this research is still in its infancy in most developing countries, including China, where residential and transport choices are likely to be more constrained and travel-related attitudes quite different from those in the developed world. Using the data collected from 2038 residents currently living in TOD neighborhoods and non-TOD neighborhoods in Shanghai City, this paper aims to partly fill the gaps by investigating the causal relationship between the built environment and travel behavior in the Chinese context. More specifically, this paper employs Heckman’s sample selection model to examine the reduction impacts of TOD on personal vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT), controlling for self-selection. The results show that whilst the effects of residential self-selection are apparent; the built environment exhibits the most significant impacts on travel behavior, playing the dominant role. These findings produce a sound basis for local policymakers to better understand the nature and magnitude toward the impacts of the built environment on travel behavior. Providing the government department with reassurance that effective interventions and policies on land use aimed toward altering the built environment would actually lead to meaningful changes in travel behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Under the Belt and Road (B&R) initiative, two new emerging trade corridors connecting the Far East to Europe have been built. One is the China-Europe Sea-Land Express Line (CESEL) and the other is the New Eurasian Land Bridge (NELB). This paper aims to understand the attitude of relevant stakeholders towards the performance of the Traditional Sea-Land Line (TSLL) alongside the two emerging container routes under the B&R initiative. To achieve this objective, we first of all built a performance evaluation system to understand the relative performance of these trade routes. A questionnaire survey was carried out to reveal the differing views on route performance, and Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) was then used to examine and interpret the survey data. Secondly, by dividing the interviewees into two groups, we examined whether the government’s development priorities are at variance with the preferences of industry practitioners. Thirdly, we explored the reasons for the variance by conducting an intensive interview with ten key stakeholders and then explain the findings from the perspective of institutional theories. Finally, we addressed the uncertainty and dynamics of route development under three different scenarios. Several managerial implications are proposed on the basis of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Height premium has been revealed by extensive literature, however, evidence from China based on large-scale data remains still lacking. In this paper, we study how height conditions salary expectations by exploring a dataset covering over 140,000 Chinese job seekers. By using graphical and regression models, we find evidence in support of height premium that tall people expect a significantly higher salary in career development. In particular, regression results suggest stronger effects of height premium on female than on male, however, the gender differences decrease as the education level increases and become insignificant after holding all control variables fixed. Further, results from graphical models suggest three promising ways in helping short people: (i) to accumulate more working experiences, since one year seniority can respectively make up about 3 cm and 7 cm shortness for female and male; (ii) to increase the level of education, since one higher academic degree may eliminate all disadvantages that brought by shortness; (iii) to target jobs in regions with a higher level of development. Our work provides a cross-culture supportive evidence of height premium and contributes two novel features to the literature: the compensation story in helping short people, and the focus on salary expectations in isolation from discrimination channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the persuasive process of borrowers' controllable voluntary information which can be easily manipulated and is particularly valuable for borrowers to persuade lenders and enhance the likelihood of funding success in P2P lending marketplace. Using a large scale data set from a Chinese leading P2P lending platform, namely Renrendai, based on a dual-processing persuasion theory-Elaboration Likelihood Model, we introduce four newly persuasive features ( Completeness, Sentiment, Language intensity, The number of certificates ) with central and peripheral cues in voluntary information. The results show that the persuasion of borrowers' voluntary information can be accomplished via two distinct routes in P2P lending, suggesting that not only central cues but also peripheral cues have significant effect on lenders’ decision making. Specially, negative sentiment is negatively associated with funding success which is contradictory to the findings in fund-raising appeals say using negative emotions can evoke “empathy-helping”. Moreover, we find a negative interaction effect on funding success between Completeness and The number of certificates . Our study shed some light for deeply understanding the dual-route persuasive process in P2P lending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic congestion has long been a noticeable issue worldwide. Besides congestion caused by the daily commuters, congestion during public holidays is also very typical. The traffic volume often has a sharp increase during public holidays, which puts a heavy burden on the road capacity and results in severe congestion. This is especially true for the beginning and ending of the holidays. The situation is even worse under some government policies designed initially to benefit people, e.g. the highway toll-exemption during public holidays in China. The focus of this paper is to model the evolution of traffic congestion caused by the demand from residential place to the famous resorts during public holidays. The research questions include: (1) how do tourists tradeoff between schedule delay, queuing time and the overcrowding of the resort? and (2) the impact of the toll-exemption policy during public holidays on tourists’ departure time choices and the social welfare. By adopting the bottleneck model, we obtain the cumulative departure curves of tourists during public holidays. Closed-form results of tourists’ departure time variation with the toll-exemption policy are obtained, as well as the resulting social efficiency loss, which is significant for the management of the traffic mobility during public holidays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlabelled: Asian countries are currently witnessing unprecedented increase in physical inactivity and subsequent negative health outcomes; however, few cross-country studies documenting this trend exist. This paper presents the findings of a nationally representative sample, based on the East Asian Social Survey in 2011. The study sought to examine the association of social identity factors, such as objective socio-economic position, perceived social status and neighborhood quality with physical inactivity, while controlling for psychosocial and physical health. A sample of 5222 adults living in urban areas across China, Taiwan, and South Korea were surveyed.Methods: Multivariate nested logistic regressions were constructed.Results: Perceived social status was positively associated with physical activity. Gender difference in physical activity was significant, and this difference widened as educational levels increased. Class division in physical activity was also found. Perceived physical and social features of neighborhood such as suitability for walking and jogging, air quality, and help from neighbors were to different degrees associated with physical inactivity.Conclusion: Gender, marital status, education and perceived social status were common factors associated with physical inactivity in East Asian countries. Perceived urban neighborhood quality is particularly important for Chinese people to stay physically active. Cultural-behavioral norms for physical activity associated with gender and social status call for more studies on cultural perspective for health behaviors in cross-cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The recurrence of past security breaches in healthcare showed that lessons had not been effectively learned across different healthcare organisations. Recent studies have identified the need to improve learning from incidents and to share security knowledge to prevent future attacks. Generic Security Templates (GSTs) have been proposed to facilitate this knowledge transfer. The objective of this paper is to evaluate whether potential users in healthcare organisations can exploit the GST technique to share lessons learned from security incidents.Methodology: We conducted a series of case studies to evaluate GSTs. In particular, we used a GST for a security incident in the US Veterans' Affairs Administration to explore whether security lessons could be applied in a very different Chinese healthcare organisation.Results: The results showed that Chinese security professional accepted the use of GSTs and that cyber security lessons could be transferred to a Chinese healthcare organisation using this approach. The users also identified the weaknesses and strengths of GSTs, providing suggestions for future improvements.Conclusion: Generic Security Templates can be used to redistribute lessons learned from security incidents. Sharing cyber security lessons helps organisations consider their own practices and assess whether applicable security standards address concerns raised in previous breaches in other countries. The experience gained from this study provides the basis for future work in conducting similar studies in other healthcare organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Risk perception of COVID-19 negatively correlated to willingness to help. • Interpersonal alienation partially mediated the link between risk perception of COVID-19 and willingness to help. • Expressive suppression moderated the associations between interpersonal alienation and willingness to help. Previous studies have revealed that situational risk factors have a significant influence on the willingness to help. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, maybe risk perception of COVID-19 is also correlated to the willingness to help. This study examined the mediating effect of interpersonal alienation and the moderating effect of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and willingness to help. Data from a large sample of Chinese college students (N = 2, 163) completed the measures of risk perception of COVID-19, willingness to help, interpersonal alienation, emotion regulation strategies including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results indicated that the risk perception of COVID-19 negatively correlated to willingness to help. Interpersonal alienation partially mediated the link between risk perception of COVID-19 and willingness to help. College students' expressive suppression moderated the associations between interpersonal alienation and willingness to help. And who adopted more expressive suppression, the connection between interpersonal alienation and willingness to help was weaker compared to students who reported less expressive suppression. But cognitive reappraisal did not moderate the relationship between risk perception of COVID-19 and interpersonal alienation. Implications of the present paper for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature gas plays a fundamental role in promoting cleaner production worldwide. Given this, evaluation of the natural gas supply chain from the perspective of both economic and environmental-friendly should be considered simultaneously while proposing a comprehensive estimation model remain a challenge in the performance improving study. What's more, the inherent uncertainty and strong variation associated with natural gas demand attach difficulty in precise analysis and make an impact on the stable gas supply. This paper proposes an integrated mathematical model to estimate the economic and environmental (2-E) performance, where multiple natural gas products and transportation modes are considered in economic section, and the major carbon emission from upstream production to downstream users are given in the environmental part. An index is formulated to indicate the supply risk caused by the uncertain gas demand. Considering the risk attitude of supply chain designers may have a significant impact on the final 2-E performance, three scenarios namely Risk Neutral Scenario, Risk Aversion Scenario, and Risk-taking Scenario are applied to quantify the impact. The case study result demonstrates that 1) In comparison to the neutral scenario model which is commonly used in the literature, the annual economic profits and total carbon dioxide emission in this paper have a 6.78 million CNY and 2.06 kiloton variation, respectively. 2) The pipeline layout and location of functional stations are coincident within three scenarios, while the detailed transportation scheme in the operation period changed a lot. 3) The reliability varies from 99.88% to 89.37% within three scenarios, and the supply chain designers can make a tradeoff between the 2-E performance and supply risk according to the proposed relationship between theme. • The integrated economic evaluation of the natural gas supply chain is proposed. • The environmental performance based on the economic supply scheme is analyzed. • The relationship between economic and environmental performance and supply risk is considered. • The feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified by a real supply chain in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been developed rapidly in recent years in China, but a further promotion of EVs is hindered by the unreasonable deployment of facilities. Therefore, a deep understanding of EV drivers' charging behavior is viewed to be helpful to a more suitable deployment of new chargers. In this paper, charging influence factors are analyzed, and logit-based models for charging choice behaviors are proposed. First, a web-based stated preference survey is designed to obtain the data of EV drivers' charging choice preference. Second, binary logit models are developed using the survey data, with vehicle attributes, destination activity, and subsequent travel information as influence factors. Especially, the satisfaction of charging facilities reviewed by previous users and drivers' risk attitudes are also introduced to analyze charging choice preference. Third, latent class models are proposed to further taste the heterogeneity of EV drivers' charging decision strategies. The results reveal two classes of decision-making patterns among our sample population: (1) service concerned, which are the majority of the respondents who value the satisfaction and queue of charging station, characterized with younger age, richer driving experience and higher income, and (2) pragmatic concerned, those who weight multiple factors, such as excess range, parking time, and charging fee. It suggests that the improvement of charging service levels, such as providing reliable and high-quality charging service, is necessary for operators to attract more EV drivers. • Three dimensions of charging influence factors are analyzed. • Latent class logit model is used to detect respondents' preference and heterogeneity. • Risk attitude and previous satisfaction both show a significant influence. • Decision-making patterns are divided into service and pragmatic concerned classes. • Stations with less queue time and more satisfaction attract more EV drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the impacts of climate change become increasingly visible across the globe, awareness of the need for cleaner energy and demand reduction is growing. Energy literacy offers a strong potential for explaining and predicting energy-related behaviours, yet research and policies focused on this topic remain limited. In this study, energy literacy was measured in a sample of 2806 university students in the United Kingdom and China, in addition to their wider environmental attitudes using the New Ecological Paradigm scale. Findings indicate that energy literacy was relatively high overall, but there were significant differences between the knowledge, attitudes and behavioural intentions of participants in the two countries. Whilst the UK respondents rated themselves significantly more highly on perceived knowledge of energy issues, Chinese respondents provided significantly more correct answers in a knowledge test. UK respondents demonstrated more positive attitudes towards energy conservation than those from China, and were more likely to report energy-saving behaviours. However, Chinese respondents exhibited higher levels of trust in government and businesses to take action on energy issues. This paper provides a novel insight into cultural differences which may be crucial to policy and practice, and evidences the potential benefits of utilising a combination of educational and structural change to support transition to a cleaner, low-energy society. Image 1 • Significant differences in energy literacy arose in 1806 students in UK and China. • Chinese respondents demonstrated more knowledge about energy than UK respondents. • UK respondents demonstrated more positive attitudes and energy saving behaviours. • Cultural context, including trust in government impacts on energy-saving behaviours. • Combining educational and structural change will aid transition to a cleaner world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding farmers' pesticide application behaviors is essential for environmental sustainability and food safety in China. Based on a nationally representative survey of 603 rice farmers from seven major rice-producing provinces in China, this paper constructs a moderation and mediation model to examine the causal relationship between risk attitudes, risk perceptions, and farmers' pesticide application behaviors. The results show that risk-averse farmers are more likely to use more pesticides. Farmers' perceptions of the risks posed by pesticides to profit-maximizing factors, namely food quality and human health, can decrease their pesticide expenditure, while their perceptions of risks to environmental factors, namely soil degradation, water pollution, and air pollution, are not significantly associated with their pesticide expenditure. Moreover, their perceptions of risks to food quality and human health can alleviate the positive effect of risk attitude on pesticide expenditure, and can also play a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk attitude and pesticide expenditure. Risk management tools such as crop insurance, and educational programs to improve farmers' risk perception, would be beneficial policies to help alleviate farmers' excessive pesticide use. Image 1 • A moderation and mediation model was constructed to examine the influence of both risk attitude and risk perception on farmers' pesticide application behavior. • The mediation effects of risk perception in the relationship between risk attitude and pesticide application behavior was examined. • Risk perception plays a mediating and a partial mediating role in the relationship between risk attitude and pesticide expenditure. • Farmers' perceptions of the risks posed by pesticides to profit-maximizing factors can decrease their pesticide expenditure, while their perceptions of risks to environmental factors are not significantly associated with their pesticide expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper, we mainly focus on the potential genesis of U-bearing ore veins from the Huayangchuan U-Nb-Pb polymetallic deposit in Xiaoqinling, Central China. The ore veins are primarily planar, show various attitudes cutting Precambrian gneisses and have ages of the Late Triassic to earliest Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. We write some codes to model the potential stress fields responsible for faults containing these ore veins according to the criteria of polymodal faulting or slip tendency (Morris et al., 1996). The results indicate the stress fields have a nearly vertical extension principal stress, and a nearly horizontal maximum compression principal stress oriented NNE-SSW or WNW-ESE, which is consistent with a tectonic setting of compression not extension. Accordingly, metallogenesis of the deposit in context of regional tectonic framework is discussed. • Multiple tectono-thermal events occurred in the Huayangchuan U-Nb-Pb deposit. • Ore occurs in carbonatite veins cutting hanging wall gneisses of the Huayangchuan fault. • Six phases of deformation are recognized in the deposit and adjacent areas. • 40Ar-39Ar dating on biotite from various lithologies reveals five phases of thermal events. • Ore veining pertains to two episodes of tectono-thermal events in compressional setting. The Huayangchuan U-Nb-Pb polymetallic deposit is hosted in a suite of Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic gneisses in the Xiaoqinling region, central China. The deposit is composed mainly of discrete small-scale carbonatite veins emplaced largely along shallow-lying brittle fractures. Various regimes of deformation from ductile flow to brittle fracturing are documented in the deposit and its adjacent areas. These include an earliest phase of contracting deformation (D1) manifested as well-developed boudinages, abundant relict rootless folds and penetrative compositional bands, i.e., gneissosity generally trending E-W, a subsequent phase of disperse dextral ductile shear (D2) along the E-W-trending gneissosity, and a following phase of general NE-SW compression (D3) resulting in local contraction deformation bands and abundant sinistral ductile shear along the E-W-trending gneissosity, all of which are affected by an overwhelming NNE-SSW compression (D4) with hemi-ductile to brittle deformation behaviors. The deformation after D4 is generally brittle and may arise from an earlier regime of dominant compression (NW-SE) (D5) and a later regime of extensive extension (D6). Multiple thermal events are superimposed on gneisses as revealed by 40Ar/39Ar dating on biotite collected from various lithologies in the deposit and its adjacent areas, which yields ages ranging from Late Triassic (238–203 Ma), through earliest Cretaceous (139–134 Ma) and middle Cretaceous (117–92 Ma), to latest Cretaceous (72 Ma) and even early Cenozoic (53 Ma). This sequence of thermal disturbances unlikely predates the D4 deformation given that it is the last ductile deformation experienced by the Precambrian rocks. Ore-bearing carbonatite veins have their shallowly lying attitudes consilient with the D4 and D5 deformation and ages compatible with the first two thermal overprints. Accordingly, a two-stage mineralization model is proposed for the Huayangchuan polymetallic deposit with an early phase of ore veining in the Late Triassic to latest Jurassic during the nearly N-S collision between the South and North China blocks and a late phase of ore veining or more possibly reworking in the Early Cretaceous related to the Yanshanian orogeny due to a generally NW-directed subduction of the Paleo-Pacific oceanic plate beneath the eastern Asia continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chinese cities, rural migrant workers are usually considered consumers with the lowest purchasing power. Nevertheless, the younger generation of rural migrants, who are considerably better educated and higher paid than their predecessors, form a growing group of able consumers. The increased consumption demand and capacity of rural migrants have started to transform the commercial landscape of Chinese cities, potentially contributing to the country's transition towards a consumption-driven economy. Based on a 2012 survey in Jiangsu Province, this paper identifies four distinct consumer types among young rural migrant workers: conservative, balanced, frustrated and adventurous. Their different consumption behaviors are shaped not only by their financial capacities, but also by their family responsibilities and acculturation attitudes in the city. Despite the similar constraints faced by all young rural migrant workers, some are more eager to develop an urban lifestyle and identity through imitating the consumer behavior of urban natives, while others largely retain rural customs and habits, which are shared by older generation migrant workers. The findings point to the impact of social and institutional barriers on rural migrants' consumption in light of increased social inequality amid China's urban transition. • Young rural migrants have distinct types of consumer behaviors. • Financial capability, family responsibility and acculturation attitudes shape consumer behaviors. • Institutional discrimination and social barrier still limit consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (Z. nitidum), which is known in China as Liang – Mian – Zhen , is mainly distributed in southern China and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is traditionally used for treating stomach ache, toothache, rheumatic arthralgia, traumatic injury and venomous snake bites. Additional medical applications include the treatment of inflammations, various types of cancer, bacterial and viral infections, gastric and oral ulcers and liver damage. This paper aims to offer up-to-date information on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Z. nitidum. This review also discussed the perspectives for possible future research on Z. nitidum. A comprehensive review was carried out on studies about Z. nitidum conducted in the past 60 years by using different resources, including Flora of China , Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and academic databases. At present, more than 150 chemical constituents have been separated and identified from Z. nitidum , most of which include alkaloids. Biological activities, including anti-inflammation, analgesia, haemostasis, anticancer and antibacterial, were determined via in vitro and in vivo studies. The variations in the efficacy of Z. nitidum can be attributed to the biological activities of its natural products, especially alkaloids. Toxicity studies on Z. nitidum are relatively few, thus requiring further study. This article generalises the current research achievements related to Z. nitidum , which is an important medicinal material in China. Some traditional uses of Z. nitidum have been assessed by pharmacological studies. Unresolved problems remain, including molecular mechanisms underlying biological activities, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and therapeutic effect, which are still being studied and explored before Z. nitidum can be integrated into clinical medicine. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has confirmed that social loafing as a pronouncing obstacle undermines the development of online communities. However, relevant studies centered on the critical factors that affect social loafing in online travel communities are still not well understood. Drawing on self-determination theory and social identity theory, this paper critically focuses on the effects of intrinsic motivation (enjoyment in helping and hedonic motivation), extrinsic motivation (reputation and reciprocity) and community identification on social loafing in online travel communities, using data collected from 300 respondents in China. After a structural equation modeling analysis, the results of this study indicate that only enjoyment in helping exhibits a significantly negative relationship with social loafing, whereas the other three types of motivation are reinforced by community identification to inhibit social loafing indirectly. Meanwhile, community identification is more positively influenced by extrinsic motivation (reputation and reciprocity), and social loafing can be effectively diminished by community identification. Theoretical and practical suggestions are discussed for future research. • Examined the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on social loafing under the context of online travel communities. • Indicated that different weighted influences of four types of motivation on community identification and social loafing. • Confirmed that community identification mediates the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on social loafing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential self-selection has been widely considered as an important issue in quantifying the impacts of the residential built environment on travel behavior and much empirical evidence regarding the nature and magnitude of the self-selection effect has been reported. Nevertheless, people may be based on travel attitudes/needs to self-select not only residential location, but also work place, car ownership, etc. In other words, the impacts of long-term decisions other than residential location choices (e.g., decisions on work place, car ownership, etc.) on travel behavior may also be biased by the self-selection effect. However, self-selection concerning these long-term decisions has not been explored much in the travel behavior literature. The role of residential self-selection would not be properly evaluated if self-selections concerning other long-term decisions were not considered because they are often related. This paper addresses this research gap in the travel behavior literature by exploring the multiplicity of travel-based self-selection. We jointly examine the possible self-selections concerning residential location, workplace, commuting distance and car ownership in an integrated framework, taking into consideration the interrelationships among these decisions. Data are derived from an activity-travel diary survey conducted in 2016 in Beijing, China. We classify the respondents into two groups based on the choice order of their current residential and work locations and conduct a comparative analysis using structural equation models. It is found that self-selection exists in all long-term choices examined in the study. The choices of residential location and work place are found to be mutually dependent. Consequently, both choices have indirect impacts on travel behavior through the other choice. • Explore self-selections concerning multiple long-term choices jointly. • Examine the interdependency between residential and work location choices. • Self-selections on residential location, workplace and car ownership exist. • Home location has indirect impacts on travel through work location, and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]