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Motor imagery (MI) electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is recognized as a promising paradigm for brain-computer interface (BCI) systems and has been extensively employed in various BCI applications, including assisting disabled individuals, controlling devices and environments, and enhancing human capabilities. The high-performance decoding capability of MI-EEG signals is a key issue that impacts the development of the industry. However, decoding MI-EEG signals is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and inter-subject variability. In response to the aforementioned core problems, this paper proposes a novel end-to-end network, a fusion multi-branch 1D convolutional neural network (EEG-FMCNN), to decode MI-EEG signals without pre-processing. The utilization of multi-branch 1D convolution not only exhibits a certain level of noise tolerance but also addresses the issue of inter-subject variability to some extent. This is attributed to the ability of multi-branch architectures to capture information from different frequency bands, enabling the establishment of optimal convolutional scales and depths. Furthermore, we incorporate 1D squeeze-and-excitation (SE) blocks and shortcut connections at appropriate locations to further enhance the generalization and robustness of the network. In the BCI Competition IV-2a dataset, our proposed model has obtained good experimental results, achieving accuracies of 78.82% and 68.41% for subject-dependent and subject-independent modes, respectively. In addition, extensive ablative experiments and fine-tuning experiments were conducted, resulting in a notable 7% improvement in the average performance of the network, which holds significant implications for the generalization and application of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumbar spondylolysis involves a bony defect in the vertebral pars interarticularis, predominantly affecting the lower lumbar spine. This condition is a significant etiological factor in lumbar instability and recurrent lower back pain, particularly in young individuals. While conservative treatments are the primary intervention, they often fail to provide relief, necessitating surgical approaches. Notwithstanding, executing bone grafting and fixation in the pars interarticularis defect simultaneously through minimally invasive surgery remains challenging. Method: This study elucidates the biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) technique, innovatively applied for bone graft repair and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation in a patient with lumbar spondylolysis. We offer a detailed walkthrough of the technical procedures supplemented with follow-up radiographic evidence. Results: The BESS technique facilitated meticulous clearance of the defect site, coupled with bone grafting and cannulated screw fixation, effectively addressing lumbar spondylolysis through a minimally invasive approach. This method holds promise for achieving substantial osseous fusion at the vertebral pars interarticularis defect site. Conclusion: The BESS procedure for lumbar spondylolysis ensures a clean and prepared defect site for grafting and encourages successful osseous fusion, spotlighting its potential as a viable surgical strategy in managing this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumbar fusion with rigid fixation can be complicated by adjacent segment degeneration, which may cause neurological deficits and back pain, and occasionally necessitates revision surgery. This type of revision surgery is difficult to perform in a minimally invasive manner because it requires the revision of the original internal fixation instruments. Method: We describe a biportal endoscopic spinal surgery (BESS) procedure for revision surgery due to adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion with rigid fixation instruments. The radiological images and complete surgical procedure are presented. Conclusions: BESS effectively enabled nerve decompression, intervertebral fusion, and revision of lumbar fusion with fixation instruments in a minimally invasive manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin (SWB) of the South China Sea, a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence. We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages: (1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma (synrift stage); (2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from 18.5 to 16 Ma (spreading stage); and (3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma (post-spreading stage). This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins, which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage. The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean, which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading. We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB. The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker, and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center, which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate. During the spreading stage, faulting attenuated rapidly, and a necking zone appeared at the continent-ocean transition formed by lithospheric extension. With upwelling asthenosphere, small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone, which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy. Simultaneously, secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust, thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift. After seafloor spreading, the effect of mantle convection faded away, and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward. Thermal relaxation, lower crust flow, and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pneumonia is usually caused by a wide variety of pathogen infection. The underlying mechanism contributing to pneumonia remains elusive. Here, the role of microRNA-497-3p (miR-497-3p) was explored in bacterial pneumonia. The expression levels of miR-497-3p and procalcitonin (PCT) in patient serum were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The interaction between miR-497-3p and PCT was further verified in A549 cell line. To further explore the role of miR-497-3p in pneumonia, mouse model of bacterial pneumonia was established via Sp TIGR4 strain (SpT4) infection. Subsequently, LV-miR-497-3p sponge was administrated in mice with bacterial pneumonia. The severity of pneumonia and inflammatory response were evaluated. Serum miR-497-3p and PCT levels increased in patients with bacterial pneumonia and miR-497-3p level positively corrected with the PCT level. The functional assay demonstrated that CALCA is the target of miR-497-3p in the A549 cell line. In mice with bacterial pneumonia, both miR-497-3p and PCT levels were upregulated after SpT4 infection. LV-miR-497-3p sponge administration attenuated pneumonia, accompanied with increasing gain of bodyweight and blood oxygen levels, as well as uninjured lungs. miR-497-3p inhibition attenuates the expression of C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues of SpT4-infected mice, including nterleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In conclusion, inhibition of miR-497-3p downregulates the expression of procalcitonin and ameliorates bacterial pneumonia in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: The TaMP gene from wheat encodes an α-mannosidase induced by salt stress that functions as negative regulator of salt tolerance in plants. Salt stress significantly affects growth and yield of crop plants. The α-mannosidases function in protein folding, trafficking, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Previously, we identified the α-mannosidase gene TaMP in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, we investigated the function of TaMP in salt stress tolerance. TaMP expression was induced in wheat leaves by salt, drought, abscisic acid, and H2O2 treatments. Overexpressing TaMP in Brachypodium distachyon was associated with a salt-sensitive phenotype. Under salt stress, the overexpressing plants had reduced height, delayed growth status, low photosynthetic rate, decreased survival rate, and diminished yield. Moreover, the overexpression of TaMP aggravated the tendency for ions to become toxic under salt stress by significantly affecting the Na+ and K+ contents in cells. In addition, TaMP could negatively regulate salt tolerance by affecting the antioxidant enzyme system capacity and increasing the reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our study was helpful to understand the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piperine is a natural alkaloid with a wide range of biological functions. Natural phenolic compounds existed in many essential oils (EOs) are plant-derived aroma compounds with broad range of biological activities, however, their actions are slow, and they are typically unstable to light or heat, difficult to extract and so on. In order to find high-potential fungicides derived from piperine, a series of piperine-directed essential oil derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of all molecules were confirmed by satisfied spectral data, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESIMS. The target compounds were screened for their potential fungicidal activities against six species of plant pathogen fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Phomopsis adianticola, Alternaria tenuis Nees, Phytophthora capsici and Gloeosporium theae-sinensis. Some of target compounds exhibited moderate and broad-spectrum activity against tested fungi compared to the parental piperine. Further studies have shown that some different concentrations of compounds have significant inhibitory activity against Alternaria tenuis Nees and Phytophthora capsici compared to commercial carbendazim, and compound 2b exhibited particularly significant broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical-induced dysregulation of DNA methylation during the fetal period is known to contribute to developmental disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases later in life. In this study, we developed an iGEM (iPS cell-based global epigenetic modulation) detection assay using human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells that express a fluorescently labeled methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD), which enables a high-throughput screening of epigenetic teratogens/mutagens. 135 chemicals with known cardiotoxicity and carcinogenicity were categorized according to the MBD signal intensity, which reflects the degree of nuclear spatial distribution/concentration of DNA methylation. Further biological characterization through machine-learning analysis that integrated genome-wide DNA methylation, gene expression profiling, and knowledge-based pathway analysis revealed that chemicals with hyperactive MBD signals strongly associated their effects on DNA methylation and expression of genes involved in cell cycle and development. These results demonstrated that our MBD-based integrated analytical system is a powerful framework for detecting epigenetic compounds and providing mechanism insights of pharmaceutical development for sustainable human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is a life-threatening complication. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is crucial in mediating inflammatory reactions and is associated with the prognosis of patients with sepsis. Whether PLD2 is involved in the pathophysiology of SICM remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PLD2 knockout on SICM and to explore potential mechanisms. Methods: The SICM model was established using cecal ligation and puncture in wild-type and PLD2-knockout mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Transfection with PLD2-shRNA lentivirus and a PLD2 overexpression plasmid were used to interfere with PLD2 expression in H9C2 cells. Cardiac pathological alterations, cardiac function, markers of myocardial injury, and inflammatory factors were used to evaluate the SICM model. The expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, and GSDMD-N) was assessed using western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Results: SICM mice had myocardial tissue damage, increased inflammatory response, and impaired heart function, accompanied by elevated PLD2 expression. PLD2 deletion improved cardiac histological changes, mitigated cTNI production, and enhanced the survival of the SICM mice. Compared with controls, PLD2-knockdown H9C2 exhibits a decrease in inflammatory markers and lactate dehydrogenase production, and scanning electron microscopy results suggest that pyroptosis may be involved. The overexpression of PLD2 increased the expression of NLRP3 in cardiomyocytes. In addition, PLD2 deletion decreased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in SICM mice and LPS-induced H9C2 cells. Conclusion: PLD2 deletion is involved in SICM pathogenesis and is associated with the inhibition of the myocardial inflammatory response and pyroptosis through the NLRP3/caspase 1/GSDMD pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 858 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were predicted as sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus to ivermectin. These lncRNAs underwent bioinformatic analysis. In total, 205 lncRNAs significantly differed using log2 (difference multiplicity) > 1 or log2 (difference multiplicity) < − 1 and FDR < 0.05 as the threshold for significant difference analysis. We selected five lncRNAs based on significant differences in expression, cis-regulation, and their association with the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. These expressions of lncRNAs, namely MSTRG.12610.1, MSTRG.8169.1, MSTRG.6355.1, MSTRG.980.1, and MSTRG.9045.1, were significantly downregulated. These findings were consistent with the results of transcriptomic sequencing. We further investigated the relative expression of target gene mRNAs and the regulation of mRNA and miRNA, starting with lncRNA cis-regulation of mRNA, and constructed a lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA network regulation. After a series of statistical analyses, we finally screened out UGT8, Unc-116, Fer-related kinase-1, GGPP synthase 1, and sart3, which may be involved in developing drug resistance under the regulation of their corresponding lncRNAs. The findings of this study provide a novel direction for future studies on drug resistance targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimized approach of CO2 fixation in Ca2+/Mg2+-rich aqueous solutions using insoluble amine as an enhancing medium was reported. Apparent basicity was verified to be an effective indicator for the selection and optimization of organic amine systems and finally the diisobutylamine + n-octanol system was selected to enhance the carbonation reactions of CO2 in an artificial Ca2+/Mg2+-rich solution. In our experiments, when the volume ratio of insoluble organic phase to aqueous one was 2:1 and the reaction temperature was 28 °C, 92% of Ca2+ and 80% of Mg2+ could be converted to calcium and magnesium carbonate precipitates within 5 min of reaction with the bubbling-in of CO2. The organic amine system could be regenerated by using carbide slag as the regeneration agent and could still show attractive enhancement performances after 7 rounds of carbonation-regeneration experiments. In this way, the CO2 capture and sequestration was realized within one single process, with value-added Ca/Mg carbonates being the byproducts. In view of the vast availability of Ca2+/Mg2+-rich aqueous solutions and the feasible technical coordination with desalination industry, this novel process may have a good application potential in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message : Freezing tolerance in taft plants relied more upon an ABA-independent- than an ABA-dependent antifreeze signaling pathway. Abstract: Two wheat ( Triticum aestivum) near isogenic lines (NIL) named tafs (freezing sensitivity) and taft (freezing tolerance) were isolated in the laboratory and their various cytological and physiological characteristics under freezing conditions were studied. Proplastid, cell membrane, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were less damaged by freezing treatment in taft than tafs plants. Chlorophyll, ATP, and thylakoid membrane protein contents were significantly higher, but malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in taft than tafs plants under freezing condition. Antioxidant capacity, as indicated by reactive oxygen species accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity, and the relative gene expression were significantly greater in taft than tafs plants. Soluble sugars and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were significantly higher in taft plants than in tafs plants under both normal and freezing conditions. The upregulated expression levels of certain freezing tolerance-related genes were greater in taft than tafs plants under freezing treatment. The addition of sodium tungstate, an ABA synthesis inhibitor, led to only partial freezing tolerance inhibition in taft plants and the down-regulated expression of some ABA-dependent genes. Thus, both ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways are involved in the freezing tolerance of taft plants. At the same time, freezing tolerance in taft plants relied more upon an ABA-independent- than an ABA-dependent antifreeze signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Submarine canyon-channel systems have been documented in the Parece Vela Basin, West Mariana Ridge; however, the mechanism of the formation and controlling factors remain poorly understood. Based on high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data and two-dimensional (2D) seismic profiles, we identified and mapped the submarine canyon-channel system along the middle segment of West Mariana Ridge in the Philippine Sea. These submarine canyon-channels show a main W-E orientation at depth of 2 000–4 500 m. They are approximately 72–128 km in length and 1.3–15 km in width, and their canyon heads are adjacent to the seamounts with several branches. The upper reaches of submarine canyon-channels are characterized by deeply incised, narrow, V-shaped thalwegs, suggesting the powerful erosion of gravity flows. The distinguished sediment waves are suggested to be resulted from the interaction of turbidity currents and seafloor. Our observations demonstrate that gravity flows originated from the collapses of seamount flanks plays a vital role in developing the submarine canyon-channel system along the West Mariana Ridge. This work provides better understanding of erosion, transport, and deposition of sediments from subducting ridges to deep-water basins, and also new insights into the origin and evolution of submarine canyon-channel systems along subducting ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gully erosion is serious in the tableland area of the Loess Plateau due to high-intensity human activities and extreme rainfall, which cause serious soil loss and an increasing tableland shrinkage rate. Severe gully erosion has exerted a notable negative impact on local agriculture, human life and socioeconomic development. In recent decades, progress has been made in soil and water conservation with the goal of reducing soil erosion and protecting loess tableland, but basic research on gully consolidation and tableland protection (GCTP) is lacking, especially regarding the mechanisms of gully erosion and expansion in loess tableland under the interactive impacts of hydrodynamics and human activities. In addition, there is a lack of a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of soil-water disasters and controlling factors of unreasonable GCTP projects. Currently, the problems of headcut erosion and tableland fragmentation remain serious. Based on this situation, the Dongzhi tableland, the largest tableland on the Loess Plateau, was adopted as an example, and we studied gully erosion and expansion mechanisms in the loess tableland and the scientific basis of GCTP projects. We obtained a series of novel findings, including the following: (1) vertical joints are widely developed in loess and impose a controlling effect on tableland edge erosion; (2) rapid urbanization and road network expansion intensify headcut erosion and are the main reasons for severe erosion and tableland shrinkage in the Dongzhi tableland; and (3) unreasonable drainage of surface runoff and a rise in the groundwater level are the key factors affecting GCTP project stability. Moreover, the mechanisms and modes of erosion disasters in the project driven by these two factors were explained. The systematic remediation idea of retention, storage, drainage and consolidation for the GCTP project was introduced, and the core is water control, which emphasizes the combination of soil and water conservation and geohazard prevention measures. As a systematic remediation project, GCTP in loess tableland requires multidisciplinary and multimethod approaches and multiple measures involving ecology, soil and water conservation, geology and engineering to ensure project feasibility and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directional fracturing technology for coal and rock is crucial for preventing accidents resulting from the rupture of the hard roof in coal mines. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing, a green and waterless technology, has garnered significant research interest due to its ability to form complex crack networks. This technology holds promise for mitigating the risk of hard roof collapse in coal mines. Understanding the mechanisms to induce optimal crack propagation through SC-CO2 fracturing is highly valuable. This study employs the true triaxial test platform for SC-CO2 fracturing to examine the propagation law of cracks induced by directional grooving. A series of SC-CO2 fracturing tests were performed under varying in-situ stress differentials, groove numbers, and spacing between them, and a method for characterizing the directional fracturing effects in terms of inducing cracks was proposed. The morphology of crack propagation in fractured samples was photographed, and the types, lengths, and directions of surface cracks were statistically analyzed. A three-dimensional model of cracks in the fractured samples was reconstructed, revealing the evolution characteristics of hole-line spacing and the main crack-induced angle of deflection. The influence of grooves on crack propagation during SC-CO2 fracturing under various conditions was determined, and the interaction mechanism of the stress field at the crack tip within the grooved area was analyzed. These results provide theoretical guidance for applying SC-CO2 fracturing technology in coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, the government of China has implemented healthcare reforms to provide universal access to healthcare by 2020. We aimed to systematically analyse the dynamic changes in health services and equity during the past 10 years to understand the correlation between health services and social-economic status. We performed a longitudinal study in which we extracted aggregated data mainly from a project (2009, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2019). A multi-stage stratified cluster randomized design was used to obtain a representative sample in each county. Concentration indexes were used to analyse the equity of the changes in utilization. We built multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models with the panel data to test whether the rate of receiving a medical consultation in the last 2 weeks or the rate of hospital admission or the prevalence of chronic illness was associated with social-economic status including education level and rural disposable income per capita. We found declines in both the rate of not receiving a medical consultation during the last 2 weeks (P < 0.05 intervention group) and the rate of hospital avoidance (P < 0.05) from 2009 to 2019. The equity in residents' health service utilization has improved constantly. We additionally found that rural disposable income per capita is a protective factor for the rate of a receiving a medical consultation during the last 2 weeks and the rate of hospital admission. China's 2009 healthcare reform have positively influenced utilization rates and equity in health service utilization in the past decade, a range of health service-targeted strategies are needed including strengthen the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, focus attention on the health status of elderly residents and improve social-economic status, especially the level of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present detrital zircon U-Pb dating and paleontological data for the newly identified Ayadeng Formation in the northern margin of the North China Block (NCB) and Xibiehe Formation (molasse) in the Bainaimiao arc belt (BAB), which could provide strong evidence indicating the affinity of the BAB and the evolution of the southeast Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB). Zircon U-Pb data of siltstone samples and paleontological data indicate the Ayadeng Formation dates back to the Early Ordovician. Although its location is near the NCB, its zircon age spectra and paleontology share a closer affinity with those of Tarim and NE Gondwana, as the U-Pb data suggest an age range of 490–2 192 Ma (peak age=629, 788, 965 and 1 935 Ma), and similar gastropod fossils are found in Tarim and NE Gondwana. The U-Pb ages of meta-sandstone samples in the Xuniwusu Formation indicate a shared inheritance with the Ayadeng Formation (before 440 Ma), and the U-Pb ages of sandstone samples in the Xibiehe Formation are concentrated, with age peaks centered at ca. 420 Ma. Fossil corals occur in these two formations, and their age components also indicate a collisional setting. Therefore, it is speculated that the BAB drifted away from Tarim or NE Gondwana during the Ordovician and became attached to northern NCB between 440–420 Ma as an exotic terrane. During the Early Paleozoic, there may have occurred a collision between an arc and a continental block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral flow assay (LFA) is one of the most prevalent commercially available techniques for point-of-care tests due to its simplicity, celerity, low cost and robust operation. However, conventional colorimetric LFAs have inferior limits of detection (LODs) compared to sophisticated laboratory-based assays. Here, we report a simple strategy of test-zone pre-enrichment to improve the LOD of LFA by loading samples before the conjugate pad assembly. The developed method enables visual LODs of miR-210 mimic and human chorionic gonadotropin protein, to be improved by 10–100 fold compared with a conventional LFA setup without introducing any additional instrument and reagent except for phosphate running buffer, while no obvious difference occurred for Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). It takes about 6–8 min to enrich every 50 μL of sample diluted with phosphate running buffer, therefore we can get visual results within 20 min. We identified a parameter by modeling the entire process, the concentration of probe-analyte conjugate at test zone when signaling unit being loaded, to be important for the improvement of visual limit of detection. In addition, the test-zone pre-enrichment did not impair the selectivity when miR-210 mimic was adopted as target. Integrated with other optimization, amplification and modification of LFAs, the developed test-zone pre-enrichment method can be applied to further improve LOD of LFAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline membrane fuel cell for its high stability in alkaline solution. However, the electrocatalytic activity of silver-based ORR electrocatalyst is generally poor. This paper presents a rapid precipitation-reduction method to synthesize carbon-supported silver electrocatalysts, which involves precipitating AgBr compound on carbon support, and then transforming it into carbon-supported silver via an in situ electrochemical reduction process. The obtained electrocatalysts show excellent oxygen reduction performances in terms of E½ (0.84 V vs. RHE) and mass specific activity Jm (9.1 mA mgAg−1@0.85 V), outperforming most of recent reported silver-based ORR electrocatalysts. Further experiment indicates that the improved electrocatalytic performances can be assigned to the presence of lattice defects at Ag surface, which can facilitate the adsorption and further reduction of oxygen molecular on the silver surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum (Al), a non-essential element in living systems, can potentially cause chronic toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to have a specific and sensitive method for detecting Al3+ in order to assess its risk to life. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel fluorescent probe (IV) based on bromoflavonol. Upon binding to Al3+, probe IV exhibits a blue shift in emission and enhanced fluorescence, making it suitable for Al3+ detection. Our UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra demonstrate that probe IV has high selectivity and sensitivity towards Al3+ while being immune to interference from other metal ions. Through fluorescence titration, we determined that the detection limit (LOD) of probe IV for Al3+ is 1.8 × 10−8 mol/L. Job’s curve and 1 H NMR titration further confirmed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between probe IV and Al3+. Additionally, using DFT (Density Functional Theory), we calculated the energy gap difference between IV and IV + Al3+ and found that the complex formed by probe IV and Al3+ is more stable than IV alone. We successfully detected Al3+ in tap water and river water from the middle regions of the Han River, achieving recoveries of over 96% using this probe. This demonstrates its potential for quantitative detection of Al3+ in environmental water samples. Moreover, we successfully used the probe for imaging Al3+ in MG63 cells, suggesting its potential application in biological imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One diode-one resistor (1D1R) memory is an effective architecture to suppress the crosstalk interference, realizing the crossbar network integration of resistive random access memory (RRAM). Herein, we designed a p+-Si/n-ZnO heterostructure with 1D1R function. Compared with the conventional multilayer 1D1R devices, the structure and fabrication technique can be largely simplified. The real-time imaging of formation/rupture process of conductive filament (CF) process demonstrated the RS mechanism by in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, we observed that the formed CF is only confined to the outside of depletion region of Si/ZnO pn junction, and the formation of CF does not degrade the diode performance, which allows the coexistence of RS and rectifying behaviors, revealing the 1D1R switching model. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that the CF is consisting of the oxygen vacancy by in-situ TEM characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]