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On 15–16 June 2023, healthcare professionals and breast cancer patients and advocates from across Canada met in Toronto, Ontario, for the 2023 Canadian Breast Cancer Symposium (CBSC.). The CBSC. is a national, multidisciplinary event that occurs every 2 years with the goal of developing a personalized approach to the management of breast cancer in Canada. Experts provided state-of-the-art information to help optimally manage breast cancer patients, including etiology, prevention, diagnosis, experimental biology, and therapy of breast cancer and premalignant breast disease. The symposium also had the objectives of increasing communication and collaboration among breast cancer healthcare providers nationwide and providing a comprehensive and real-life review of the many facets of breast cancer. The sessions covered the patient voice, the top breast cancer papers from different disciplines in 2022, artificial intelligence in breast cancer, systemic therapy updates, the management of central nervous system metastases, multidisciplinary management of ductal carcinoma in situ, special populations, optimization-based individual prognostic factors, toxicity management of novel therapeutics, survivorship, and updates in surgical oncology. The key takeaways of these sessions have been summarized in this conference report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people who make refugee claims in Canada negotiate a complex nexus of identity, belonging, and citizenship. Drawing on insights from TGNC refugees, immigration lawyers, and frontline workers, in this paper we examine the ways the state controls the trans body through the refugee claims process and in the process of integration into life in Canada, while also highlighting trans refugee methods of survival and resistance. What emerges is an understanding of the ways that refugees navigate the tension between gender, sexuality, and homecoming as both intimately felt and geopolitically managed. We convey TGNC refugee narratives to demonstrate how they both confirm and expand upon the existing literature on Canadian LGBTQ+ refugees. TGNC refugees' experiences at the Immigration and Refugee Board confirm insights from existing LGBTQ+ refugee studies. However, TGNC refugees' day‐to‐day lives differ significantly from LGB refugee lives as recounted in the literature. In TGNC refugees' attempts to access gender‐affirming documentation, healthcare, housing, and income, they confront distinct systems of transgender exceptionalism, border imperialism, and racial and heteropatriarchal capitalism that limit their access to basic necessities and impact how they build home both conceptually and materially. Key Messages: Refugee narratives elicited at the Immigration and Refugee Board follow a logic of "transgender exceptionalism" and often diverge from the complexity of Trans and gender nonconforming (TGNC) refugee experiences.TGNC refugees experience barriers to accessing housing, healthcare, adequate documentation, and employment due to histories and systems of oppression.These narratives demonstrate that the trans refugee homemaking process is implicated in nationalism, but also shows the needs to push against this limiting frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1970s, the Chabad Lubavitch movement has served as an important setting for religious, social, and cultural activity among Russian-speaking Jewish migrants to Canada and the United States. While scholars and community observers have long recognized the attentiveness of Lubavitch emissaries toward Russian Jews, there is no quantitative data and little qualitative research on Chabad's influence in the post-Soviet Jewish diaspora. This paper explores the motivations, mechanics, and consequences of this encounter in a Canadian setting, examining how Chabad creates a religious and social space adapted to the unique features of post-Soviet Jewish ethnic and religious identity. Participating in a growing scholarly discussion, this paper moves away from older characterizations of Soviet Jewish identity as thinly constructed and looks to the Chabad space for alternative constructions in which religion and traditionalism play integral roles. This paper draws on oral histories and observational fieldwork from a small qualitative study of a Chabad-run Jewish Russian Community Centre in Toronto, Ontario. It argues that Chabad, which was founded in eighteenth-century Belorussia, is successful among post-Soviet Jews in Canada and elsewhere thanks, in part, to its presentation of the movement as an authentically Russian brand of Judaism-one that grew up in a pre-Soviet Russian context, endured the repressions of the Soviet period, and has since emerged as the dominant Jewish force in the Russian-speaking world. The paper, among the first to examine the religious convictions of Canada's Russian- speaking Jewish community, reveals that post-Soviet Jews in Toronto gravitate toward Chabad because they view it as a uniquely Russian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injuries have become devastating and often under-recognized public health concerns. In Canada, injuries are the leading cause of potential years of life lost before the age of 65. The geographical patterns of injury, however, are evident both over space and time, suggesting the possibility of spatial optimization of policies at the neighborhood scale to mitigate injury risk, foster prevention, and control within metropolitan regions. In this paper, Canada's National Ambulatory Care Reporting System is used to assess unintentional and intentional injuries for Toronto between 2004 and 2010, exploring the spatial relations of injury throughout the city, together with Wellbeing Toronto data. Corroborating with these findings, spatial autocorrelations at global and local levels are performed for the reported over 1.7 million injuries. The sub-categorization for Toronto's neighborhood further distills the most vulnerable communities throughout the city, registering a robust spatial profile throughout. Individual neighborhoods pave the need for distinct policy profiles for injury prevention. This brings one of the main novelties of this contribution. A comparison of the three regression models is carried out. The findings suggest that the performance of spatial regression models is significantly stronger, showing evidence that spatial regressions should be used for injury research. Wellbeing Toronto data performs reasonably well in assessing unintentional injuries, morbidity, and falls. Less so to understand the dynamics of intentional injuries. The results enable a framework to allow tailor-made injury prevention initiatives at the neighborhood level as a vital source for planning and participatory decision making in the medical field in developed cities such as Toronto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing processing times for immigration applications, increasing numbers of people admitted on temporary visas, and delays processing refugee claims mean that more newcomers spend longer periods of time living in Canada with precarious immigration status. This paper uses qualitative research to examine how people with precarious immigration status exercise agency in the face of restrictions to their rights and risk of deportability, as well as the extent to which agency is able to transform people's everyday realities. The research shows that regimes of immigration control construct people with precarious immigration status as un-belonging and undesirable as members of Canadian society. The research identifies two ways that research participants exert autonomy over their lives: persistent presence and critiquing their construction as un-belonging and undesirable. Both forms of agency involve the creation of counterpublics to build networks for practical support and recognition of the legitimacy of their presence in Canada. While agency made it easier for participants to sustain themselves, the research shows that participants internalized discourses hostile to people with precarious immigration status, suggesting that agency is both necessary but also limited in its capacity to mitigate the harm caused by the construction of them as un-belonging and undesirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid proliferation of cloud computing, the energy cost of datacenters and the impact of reactive power on the grid have become major concerns. This paper presents two energy management control schemes for distributed uninterruptible power supply (UPS) architectures utilizing lithium-ion ultracapacitors (LIC) for improved system efficiency and reactive power mitigation. One scheme is proposed for low-power servers with an internal dc bus, while another is proposed for medium-to-high-power server racks with an in-rack dc bus. The LIC and the dc bus interface with a bidirectional dc–dc converter, which allows the power supply unit to run in the optimal operating region for the improved system efficiency and power factor. The server-level UPS architecture is experimentally tested using a 200-kHz, bidirectional, multiphase dc–dc converter with hysteretic current-mode control, while achieving 33% reactive power mitigation. Based on the SciNet datacenter in Toronto, ON, Canada, a rack-level distributed UPS architecture is built in MATLAB, and system-level simulations indicate a 37% reduction in the reactive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme cold weather alert programs have been implemented in some areas to address the significant health impacts of exposure to cold. One such program is the Toronto Cold Weather Program (TCWP) that was implemented in the City of Toronto since 1996 to protect the public from extreme weather conditions. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of the TCWP in reducing mortality and morbidity outcomes related to cold temperatures. We applied a quasi-experimental study design using the Difference-in-Differences method coupled with propensity-score-matching to determine the effect of the TCMP on daily hospitalizations and deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD) or cerebrovascular disease, using two complementary analytical approaches. Overall, the analysis did not detect an impact on reduced mortality/morbidity in the City of Toronto from the TCMP. For example, we obtained a Risk Difference (RD) of −0.88 (per 1,000,000 people) (95% CI: −3.27 to 1.51) and a Risk Ratio (RR) of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.05) people for CVD hospitalizations. The TCWP was not found to be effective in reducing cold related mortality and morbidity which demonstrates the importance of improving existing policies related to cold in Canada and other countries. • Exposure to cold is substantially increases an individual's risk for injury and death, and worsen pre-existing chronic conditions • Little is known about existing cold warning programs impact on reducing cold-related mortality and morbidity. • We observed that the Toronto Cold Weather Program was not effective in reducing cold-related mortality/morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN CONFRONTING THE FILTH AND DECAY of the early 20th century city, civic reformers often undertook ambitious programs that sought to not only eliminate the sources of disease from the urban environment but also to civilize urban dwellers, teaching them to live in pure and morally hygienic ways. Historical studies have tended to focus on the consumption side of this process, looking at how sanitary reformers and public health officials worked to establish fundamentally new understandings of household waste and its disposal, laying the foundation for the "throwaway" society of the 1950s and 1960s. However, they have tended to neglect the parallel efforts to fashion a new kind of city worker. Drawing on Toronto as a case study, this paper examines how the rise of a modern, scientifically managed waste regime in the early 20th century contributed to fundamentally new conceptions of civic employment, premised on the "purification" of the worker from the contaminating influence of neighbourhood-based patronage networks and an informal waste economy. I explore how efforts to expunge filth from urban space were paralleled by struggles to disentangle class from community-based solidarities in the labour process. Moreover, I explore how this contributed to the view that public workers somehow stood apart from the community as an anonymous and uniform service. I conclude by discussing the implications in how we think about city workers and their struggles today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the second part of a two-part study on the performance of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) in single-family detached houses in Canada. In Part I the cooling performance of two GSHPs was tested, analyzed and evaluated over one cooling season. In this paper, the heating performance of three vertical closed-loop water-to-air GSHP systems installed in three new single-family detached houses in Innisfil (80 km north of Toronto, Canada) is monitored, analyzed and evaluated over one heating season. Results show that GSHP A , GSHP B and GSHP C were able to meet the peak heating load without using the auxiliary heating element. The seasonal coefficient of performance of heat pump of GSHP A , GSHP B and GSHP C is 4.2, 4.0 and 3.4, respectively, whereas the seasonal coefficient of performance of the GSHP system of GSHP A , GSHP B and GSHP C is 3.8, 3.4 and 2.7, respectively. GSHP A has the highest COP mainly because it is equipped with a variable speed compressor while GSHP B and GSHP C are equipped with two-stage compressors. The average temperature of water leaving the ground loop of GSHP A , GSHP B and GSHP C is 3.9 °C, 3.1 °C and 2.7 °C, respectively, where the average temperature of water leaving the ground loop varied by up to 6.3 °C throughout the heating season. The total power consumption and operating cost of GSHP A , GSHP B and GSHP C are less than conventional air-source heat pumps by up to 46%, 40% and 24%, respectively. It is concluded that GSHPs operate at high COPs without operational problems even in very cold climates if designed, sized and installed correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heavy rainfall event over a 2-h period on 8 July 2013 caused significant flash flooding in the city of Toronto and produced 126 mm of rain accumulation at a gauge located near the Toronto Pearson International Airport. This paper evaluates the quantitative precipitation estimates from the nearby King City C-band dual-polarized radar (WKR). Horizontal reflectivity Z and differential reflectivity ZDR were corrected for attenuation using a modified ZPHI rain profiling algorithm, and rain rates R were calculated from R( Z) and R( Z, ZDR) algorithms. Specific differential phase KDP was used to compute rain rates from three R( KDP) algorithms, one modified to use positive and negative KDP, and an R( KDP, ZDR) algorithm. Additionally, specific attenuation at horizontal polarization A was used to calculate rates from the R( A) algorithm. High-temporal-resolution rain gauge data at 44 locations measured the surface rainfall every 5 min and produced total rainfall accumulations over the affected area. The nearby NEXRAD S-band dual-polarized radar at Buffalo, New York, provided rain-rate and storm accumulation estimates from R( Z) and S-band dual-polarimetric algorithm. These two datasets were used as references to evaluate the C-band estimates. Significant radome attenuation at WKR overshadowed the attenuation correction techniques and resulted in poor rainfall estimates from the R( Z) and R( Z, ZDR) algorithms. Rainfall estimation from the Brandes et al. R( KDP) and R( A) algorithms were superior to the other methods, and the derived storm total accumulation gave biases of 2.1 and −6.1 mm, respectively, with correlations of 0.94. The C-band estimates from the Brandes et al. R( KDP) and R( A) algorithms were comparable to the NEXRAD S-band estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the application of surrogate modelling to create bottom-up archetype models, to improve the energy performance of specific residential building archetypes. The objective of this study is to quantify the application range(s) of surrogate models to predict and improve the annual energy performance of single-family home archetypes. Six distinct surrogate models were developed using multivariate regression and artificial neural networks, based on 6000 simulated samples extracted from four different century home archetypes in Toronto (Canada) as a result of random field study within a target neighbourhood. The results show that a single surrogate model can predict the annual energy requirements for four distinct archetypes with 7.87% average error with a multivariate regression model and 4.13% average error using an artificial neural network in 0.00047 and 0.013 ms respectively. These results indicate that the bottom-up surrogate model can describe the relationship between retrofit strategies and annual energy demand with substantial computational time savings. The findings of this study support the future application of surrogate modelling to develop bottom-up archetype models to continue the development of the Toronto Archetype Project and to support a national retrofit strategy in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]