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Aim and Objectives: In the present investigation dual agents i.e., hesperidin and diazepam loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) were formulated by nanoprecipitation method and optimized using three-level factorial design. Methods: The developed NPs were optimized keeping poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), poloxamer amount as independent process variable and z-average, percentage drug entrapment as a dependent response. The optimized NP was subjected to in vitro drug release study to investigate drug release mechanism from NP. Cell viability assay was performed on Vero cell line to confi rm the safety of NP. Results: Drug loaded NP showed z-average in the range of 189-307 d.nm with percentage drug entrapment for diazepam and hesperidin 62-89% and 68-92%, respectively. In vitro drug release studies showed controlled drug release behavior was observed from polymeric NP across dialysis membrane compared to aqueous drug solution. Cell viability assay showed drug dependent cytotoxicity on Vero cell line, however, polymeric NP showed less cytotoxicity compared with aqueous drug solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baclofen and Lamotrigine via PLGA nanoparticles were developed for nose-to-brain delivery for the treatment of Neuropathic pain. Nanoparticles were prepared using the modified nano-precipitation method. The prepared NPs were characterised and further in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. The Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs were ∼177.7 nm with >75%(w/w) drugs encapsulated. In vitro dissolution studies suggested zero-order release profiles following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. In vitro cytotoxicity and staining studies on mammalian cells showed dose dependant cytotoxicity where nanoparticles were significantly less toxic (>95% cell-viability). ELISA studies on RAW-macrophages showed Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs as a potential pro-inflammatory-cytokines inhibitor. In vivo gamma-scintigraphy studies on rats showed intra-nasal administration of 99mTc-Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs showed Cmax 3.6%/g at Tmax = 1.5h with DTE% as 191.23% and DTP% = 38.61% in brain. Pharmacodynamics evaluations on C57BL/6J mice showed a significant reduction in licks/bites during inflammation-induced phase II pain. The findings concluded that the combination of these drugs into a single nanoparticle-based formulation has potential for pain management. Baclofen and Lamotrigine loaded PLGA nanoparticles were prepared with a size of 177.7nm, PDI 0.057 and Zeta Potential −15.8 mV In vitro cell lines based studies showed dose dependant cytotoxicity and Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs were found to be pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibitors In vivo Pharmacokinetic studies showed Cmax 3.6%/g at Tmax = 1.5 h with Drug Targeting Efficiency 191.23% and Drug Target Organ Transport 38.61% in the brain for prepared nanoparticles In vivo pharmacodynamics studies showed a significant reduction in licks/bites during inflammation-induced phase II pain [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles of baclofen (Bcf-PLGA-NPs) were developed and optimized using nanoprecipitation method. The average particle size of the Bcf-PLGA-NP was found to be 124.8 nm, polydispersity index of 0.225, and zeta potential was found to be in the range of -20.4 mV. In vitro dissolution studies showed that Bcf was released from PLGA NPs in a sustained manner from 50% release in 2.5 hours to 80%-85% in 24 hours. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cell line showed comparably low cytotoxicity of Bcf-PLGA-NPs as compared with aqueous solution of Bcf at reported Cmax values of the drug. To explore the nose-to-brain pathway, in vivo studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats by radiolabeling of Bcf with technetium-99m (99mTc). Gamma scintigraphy images of the rats that were administered through intranasal (i.n.) route showed the maximum uptake of radiolabeled NPs from nose to brain at 3 hours as compared with the rats administered with NPs intravenously and orally. To assess the Bcf concentration in brain and blood, biodistribution studies were performed and following i.n. route the NPs were dispersed in brain (3.5%/g) and blood (3%/g) at 3 hours, and these observations were in agreement with the gamma scintigrams. Hence, from the results it was suggested that the developed PLGA NPs could serve as a potential carrier for the Bcf in the treatment of neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]