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2. Elementary Derivations of the Euclidean Hurwitz Algebras Adapted from Gadi Moran's last paper.
- Author
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Moran, Tomer, Moran, Shay, and Moran, Shlomo
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA , *EUCLIDEAN geometry , *COMPLEX numbers , *MATHEMATICIANS , *QUATERNIONS , *EUCLIDEAN algorithm - Abstract
"Real Normed Algebras Revisited," the last paper of the late Gadi Moran, attempts to reconstruct the discovery of the complex numbers, the quaternions, and the octonions, as well as proofs of their properties, using only what was known to 19th-century mathematicians. In his research, Gadi had discovered simple and elegant proofs of the above-mentioned classical results using only basic properties of the geometry of Euclidean spaces and tools from high school geometry. His reconstructions underline an interesting connection between Euclidean geometry and these algebras, and avoid the advanced machinery used in previous derivations of these results. The goal of this article is to present Gadi's derivations in a way that is accessible to a wide audience of readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Tensor 2-product for [formula omitted]: Extensions to the negative half.
- Author
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McMillan, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
LIE algebras , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
In a recent paper, the author defined an operation of tensor product for a large class of 2-representations of U + , the positive half of the 2-category associated to sl 2. In this paper, we prove that the operation extends to give an operation of tensor product for 2-representations of the full 2-category U : when the inputs are 2-representations of the full U , the 2-product is also a 2-representation of the full U. As in the previous paper, the 2-product is given for a simple 2-representation L (1) and an abelian 2-representation V taken from the 2-category of algebras. This is the first construction of an operation of tensor product for higher representations of a full Lie algebra in the abelian setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Representability of relatively free affine algebras over a Noetherian ring.
- Author
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Kanel-Belov, Alexei, Rowen, Louis, and Vishne, Uzi
- Subjects
- *
NOETHERIAN rings , *ASSOCIATIVE rings , *REPRESENTATIONS of groups (Algebra) , *HOMOGENEOUS polynomials , *FINITE rings , *NONASSOCIATIVE algebras , *ALGEBRA , *AFFINE algebraic groups , *GROBNER bases - Abstract
Over the years questions have arisen about T-ideals of (noncommutative) polynomials. But when evaluating a noncentral polynomial in subalgebras of matrices, one often has little control in determining the specific evaluations of the polynomial. One way of overcoming this difficulty in characteristic 0, is to reduce to multilinear polynomials and to utilize the representation theory of the symmetric group. But this technique is unavailable in characteristic p > 0. An alternative method, which succeeds, is the process of "hiking" a polynomial, in which one specializes its indeterminates in several stages, to obtain a polynomial in which Capelli polynomial is embedded, in order to get control on its evaluations. This method was utilized on homogeneous polynomials in the proof of Specht's conjecture for affine algebras over fields of positive characteristic. In this paper, we develop hiking further to nonhomogeneous polynomials, to apply to the "representability question." Kemer proved in 1988 that every affine relatively free PI algebra over an infinite field, is representable. In 2010, the first author of this paper proved more generally that every affine relatively free PI algebra over any commutative Noetherian unital ring is representable [A. Belov, Local finite basis property and local representability of varieties of associative rings, Izv. Russian Acad. Sci. (1) (2010) 3–134. English Translation Izv. Math. 74(1) (2010) 1–126]. We present a different, complete, proof, based on hiking nonhomogeneous polynomials, over finite fields. We then obtain the full result over a Noetherian commutative ring, using Noetherian induction on T-ideals. The bulk of the proof is for the case of a base field of positive characteristic. Here, whereas the usage of hiking is more direct than in proving Specht's conjecture, one must consider nonhomogeneous polynomials when the base ring is finite, which entails certain difficulties to be overcome. In Appendix A, we show how hiking can be adapted to prove the involutory versions, as well as various graded and nonassociative theorems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. On the common slot property for symbol algebras.
- Author
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Sivatski, Alexander S.
- Subjects
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COMMONS , *ALGEBRA , *SIGNS & symbols , *LAURENT series - Abstract
Let k be a field, let n ≥ 2 be a nonsquarefree integer not divisible by the characteristic of k. Assume that all roots of unity of degree n are contained in k. In the first part of the paper we consider pairs of symbol algebras over k with common slots D 1 ≃ (e , x) n ≃ (r , u) n , D 2 ≃ (e , y) n ≃ (r , v) n , exp D 1 = exp D 2 = n , and show that in general (e , x , y) n ≠ (r , u , v) n. As a consequence we prove that in general it is impossible to connect the pair { (e , x) n ; (e , y) n } and the pair { (r , u) n ; (r , v) n } by a chain of pairs of symbol algebras with a common slot and isomorphic to (D 1 ; D 2) in such a way that any two neighboring pairs in the chain are obtained from one another by a "natural" transformation. In the second part of the paper we prove that in contrast to the case n = 2 for any n divisible by 4 there exist symbol algebras D 1 , D 2 with deg D 1 = deg D 2 = n and exp D 1 = exp D 2 = n without common slot such that i D 1 + j D 2 is a symbol algebra of degree n for any i , j ∈ Z. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Transposed Poisson structures on Lie incidence algebras.
- Author
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Kaygorodov, Ivan and Khrypchenko, Mykola
- Subjects
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LIE algebras , *POISSON algebras , *COMMUTATION (Electricity) , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Let X be a finite connected poset, K a field of characteristic zero and I (X , K) the incidence algebra of X over K seen as a Lie algebra under the commutator product. In the first part of the paper we show that any 1 2 -derivation of I (X , K) decomposes into the sum of a central-valued 1 2 -derivation, an inner 1 2 -derivation and a 1 2 -derivation associated with a map σ : X < 2 → K that is constant on chains and cycles in X. In the second part of the paper we use this result to prove that any transposed Poisson structure on I (X , K) is the sum of a structure of Poisson type, a mutational structure and a structure determined by λ : X e 2 → K , where X e 2 is the set of (x , y) ∈ X 2 such that x < y is a maximal chain not contained in a cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Derivations, extensions, and rigidity of subalgebras of the Witt algebra.
- Author
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Buzaglo, Lucas
- Subjects
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ABSTRACT algebra , *ALGEBRA , *C*-algebras , *FINITE differences , *LIE algebras - Abstract
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. We study some cohomological properties of Lie subalgebras of the Witt algebra W = Der (k [ t , t − 1 ]) and the one-sided Witt algebra W ≥ − 1 = Der (k [ t ]). In the first part of the paper, we consider finite codimension subalgebras of W ≥ − 1. We compute derivations and one-dimensional extensions of such subalgebras. These correspond to Ext U (L) 1 (M , L) , where L is a subalgebra of W ≥ − 1 and M is a one-dimensional representation of L. We find that these subalgebras exhibit a kind of rigidity: their derivations and extensions are controlled by the full one-sided Witt algebra. As an application of these computations, we prove that any isomorphism between finite codimension subalgebras of W ≥ − 1 extends to an automorphism of W ≥ − 1. The second part of the paper is devoted to explaining the observed rigidity. We define a notion of "completely non-split extension" and prove that W ≥ − 1 is the universal completely non-split extension of any of its subalgebras of finite codimension. In some sense, this means that even when studying subalgebras of W ≥ − 1 as abstract Lie algebras, they remember that they are contained in W ≥ − 1. We also consider subalgebras of infinite codimension, explaining the similarities and differences between the finite and infinite codimension situations. Almost all of the results above are also true for subalgebras of the Witt algebra. We summarise results for W at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A note on the paper 'Ultra discrete permanent and the consistency of max plus linear equations'.
- Author
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Wang, Hui-li and Yang, Yan
- Subjects
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LINEAR equations , *LINEAR algebra , *ALGEBRA , *MATHEMATICAL equivalence , *EQUATIONS - Abstract
This work is concerned with the consistency conditions for the equations in max plus algebra. The three classes of the max plus linear equations presented in the paper Shinzawa [Ultra discrete permanent and the consistency of max plus linear equations, Linear Algebra Appl. 506 (2016) 445–477] can be equivalently converted into the corresponding system of inequalities. The equivalence relation between ultra discrete permanent and maximum cycle mean is suggested. Thus, the necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the equations are obtained using the maximum cycle mean in this note. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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9. On Classification of the Genetic and Evolution Rock-Paper-Scissor Algebras.
- Author
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Ganikhodjaev, Nasir and Ftameh, Khaled
- Subjects
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VOLTERRA operators , *ALGEBRA , *BIOLOGICAL evolution , *CLASSIFICATION , *ISOMORPHISM (Mathematics) - Abstract
We consider genetic and evolution algebras generated by non-ergodic Volterra operator. It is known that a zero-sum game generated by Volterra operator be a RPS game if and only if the operator is a non-ergodic transformation. We will call the genetic (evolution) algebra generated by non-ergodic Volterra operator RPS genetic (respectively RPS evolution) algebra. In this paper, we investigate the problem of isomorphism of two RPS genetic (evolutionary) algebras and establish necessary and sufficient conditions when two such algebras will be isomorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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10. Superpolynomial Lower Bounds Against Low-Depth Algebraic Circuits.
- Author
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Limaye, Nutan, Srinivasan, Srikanth, and Tavenas, Sébastien
- Subjects
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ALGEBRA , *POLYNOMIALS , *CIRCUIT complexity , *ALGORITHMS , *DIRECTED acyclic graphs , *LOGIC circuits - Abstract
An Algebraic Circuit for a multivariate polynomial P is a computational model for constructing the polynomial P using only additions and multiplications. It is a syntactic model of computation, as opposed to the Boolean Circuit model, and hence lower bounds for this model are widely expected to be easier to prove than lower bounds for Boolean circuits. Despite this, we do not have superpolynomial lower bounds against general algebraic circuits of depth 3 (except over constant-sized finite fields) and depth 4 (over any field other than F2), while constant-depth Boolean circuit lower bounds have been known since the early 1980s. In this paper, we prove the first superpolynomial lower bounds against algebraic circuits of all constant depths over all fields of characteristic 0. We also observe that our super-polynomial lower bound for constant-depth circuits implies the first deterministic sub-exponential time algorithm for solving the Polynomial Identity Testing (PIT) problem for all small-depth circuits using the known connection between algebraic hardness and randomness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Instructional Supports for Representational Fluency in Solving Linear Equations with Computer Algebra Systems and Paper‐and‐Pencil.
- Author
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Fonger, Nicole L., Davis, Jon D., and Rohwer, Mary Lou
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MATHEMATICS education , *LINEAR equations , *MATHEMATICS teachers , *MATHEMATICS students , *ACADEMIC achievement - Abstract
This research addresses the issue of how to support students' representational fluency—the ability to create, move within, translate across, and derive meaning from external representations of mathematical ideas. The context of solving linear equations in a combined computer algebra system (CAS) and paper‐and‐pencil classroom environment is targeted as a rich and pressing context to study this issue. We report results of a collaborative teaching experiment in which we designed for and tested a functions approach to solving equations with ninth‐grade algebra students, and link to results of semi‐structured interviews with students before and after the experiment. Results of analyzing the five‐week experiment include instructional supports for students' representational fluency in solving linear equations: (a) sequencing the use of graphs, tables, and CAS feedback prior to formal symbolic transpositions, (b) connecting solutions to equations across representations, and (c) encouraging understanding of equations as equivalence relations that are sometimes, always, or never true. While some students' change in sophistication of representational fluency helps substantiate the productive nature of these supports, other students' persistent struggles raise questions of how to address the diverse needs of learners in complex learning environments involving multiple tool‐based representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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12. Solution of Exponential Diophantine Equation nx + 43y = z², where n ≡ 2 (mod 129) and n + 1 is not a Perfect Square.
- Author
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Aggarwal, S. and Shahida, A. T.
- Subjects
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DIOPHANTINE equations , *TRIGONOMETRY , *RESEARCH personnel , *ALGEBRA , *INTEGERS , *ASTROLOGY , *CATALAN numbers - Abstract
Nowadays, researchers are very interested in studying various Diophantine equations due to their importance in Cryptography, Chemistry, Knot Theory, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry, Biology, Algebra, Electrical Engineering, Economics, and Astrology. The present paper is about the non-negative integer solution of the exponential Diophantine equation nx + 43y = z², where are non-negative integers, is a positive integer with nx + 43y = z², where n = 2 (mod 129) and n + 1 and is not a perfect square. The authors use the famous Catalan conjecture for this purpose. Results of the present paper indicate that 2, 3, 0, and 3 are the only required values of and respectively, that satisfy the exponential Diophantine equation, where are non-negative integers, is a positive integer with nx + 43y = z², where n = 2 (mod 129) and n + 1 and is not a perfect square. The present technique of this paper proposes a new approach to solving the Diophantine equations, which is the main scientific contribution of this study, and it is very beneficial, especially for researchers, scholars, academicians, and people interested in the same field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Airy Ideals, Transvections, and W(sp2N)-Algebras.
- Author
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Bouchard, Vincent, Creutzig, Thomas, and Joshi, Aniket
- Subjects
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IDEALS (Algebra) , *ALGEBRA , *STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering) , *MATHEMATICS - Abstract
In the first part of the paper, we propose a different viewpoint on the theory of higher Airy structures (or Airy ideals), which may shed light on its origin. We define Airy ideals in the ħ -adic completion of the Rees Weyl algebra and show that Airy ideals are defined exactly such that they are always related to the canonical left ideal generated by derivatives by automorphisms of the Rees Weyl algebra of a simple type, which we call transvections. The standard existence and uniqueness result in the theory of Airy structures then follow immediately. In the second part of the paper, we construct Airy ideals generated by the nonnegative modes of the strong generators of the principal W -algebra of sp 2 N at level - N - 1 / 2 , following the approach developed in Borot et al. (Mem Am Math Soc, 2021). This provides an example of an Airy ideal in the Heisenberg algebra that requires realizing the zero modes as derivatives instead of variables, which leads to an interesting interpretation for the resulting partition function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Galois closures and elementary components of Hilbert schemes of points.
- Author
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Satriano, Matthew and Staal, Andrew P.
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NUCLEAR families , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Bhargava and the first-named author of this paper introduced a functorial Galois closure operation for finite-rank ring extensions, generalizing constructions of Grothendieck and Katz–Mazur. In this paper, we generalize Galois closures and apply them to construct a new infinite family of irreducible components of Hilbert schemes of points. We show that these components are elementary, in the sense that they parametrize algebras supported at a point. Furthermore, we produce secondary families of elementary components obtained from Galois closures by modding out by suitable socle elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Solving Rician Data Analysis Problems: Theory and Numerical Modeling Using Computer Algebra Methods in Wolfram Mathematica.
- Author
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Yakovleva, T. V.
- Subjects
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COMPUTER simulation , *DATA analysis , *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) , *NONLINEAR equations , *ALGEBRA , *YANG-Baxter equation , *PARAMETER estimation - Abstract
This paper considers theoretical foundations and mathematical methods of data analysis under the conditions of the Rice statistical distribution. The problem involves joint estimation of the signal and noise parameters. It is shown that this estimation requires the solution of a complex system of essentially nonlinear equations with two unknown variables, which implies significant computational costs. This study is aimed at mathematical optimization of computer algebra methods for numerical solution of the problem of Rician data analysis. As a result of the optimization, the solution of the system of two nonlinear equations is reduced to the solution of one equation with one unknown variable, which significantly simplifies algorithms for the numerical solution of the problem, reduces the amount of necessary computational resources, and enables the use of advanced methods for parameter estimation in information systems with priority of real-time operation. Results of numerical experiments carried out using Wolfram Mathematica confirm the effectiveness of the developed methods for two-parameter analysis of Rician data. The data analysis methods considered in this paper are useful for solving many scientific and applied problems that involve analysis of data described by the Rice statistical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The General Solution to a Classical Matrix Equation AXB = C over the Dual Split Quaternion Algebra.
- Author
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Si, Kai-Wen and Wang, Qing-Wen
- Subjects
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QUATERNIONS , *ALGEBRA , *EQUATIONS , *MATRICES (Mathematics) - Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for solving a dual split quaternion matrix equation A X B = C , and present the general solution expression when the solvability conditions are met. As an application, we delve into the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a Hermitian solution to this equation by using a newly defined real representation method. Furthermore, we obtain the solutions for the dual split quaternion matrix equations A X = C and X B = C . Finally, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the findings of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Evaluation of university scientific research ability based on the output of sci-tech papers: A D-AHP approach.
- Author
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Zong, Fan and Wang, Lifang
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SCIENTIFIC ability , *PSYCHOMETRICS , *PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY , *UNIVERSITY research - Abstract
University scientific research ability is an important indicator to express the strength of universities. In this paper, the evaluation of university scientific research ability is investigated based on the output of sci-tech papers. Four university alliances from North America, UK, Australia, and China, are selected as the case study of the university scientific research evaluation. Data coming from Thomson Reuters InCites are collected to support the evaluation. The work has contributed new framework to the issue of university scientific research ability evaluation. At first, we have established a hierarchical structure to show the factors that impact the evaluation of university scientific research ability. Then, a new MCDM method called D-AHP model is used to implement the evaluation and ranking of different university alliances, in which a data-driven approach is proposed to automatically generate the D numbers preference relations. Next, a sensitivity analysis has been given to show the impact of weights of factors and sub-factors on the evaluation result. At last, the results obtained by using different methods are compared and discussed to verify the effectiveness and reasonability of this study, and some suggestions are given to promote China’s scientific research ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Extended dissipaton equation of motion for electronic open quantum systems: Application to the Kondo impurity model.
- Author
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Su, Yu, Chen, Zi-Hao, Wang, Yao, Zheng, Xiao, Xu, Rui-Xue, and Yan, YiJing
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC systems , *KONDO effect , *EQUATIONS of motion , *HAMILTONIAN systems , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
In this paper, we present an extended dissipaton equation of motion for studying the dynamics of electronic impurity systems. Compared with the original theoretical formalism, the quadratic couplings are introduced into the Hamiltonian accounting for the interaction between the impurity and its surrounding environment. By exploiting the quadratic fermionic dissipaton algebra, the proposed extended dissipaton equation of motion offers a powerful tool for studying the dynamical behaviors of electronic impurity systems, particularly in situations where nonequilibrium and strongly correlated effects play significant roles. Numerical demonstrations are carried out to investigate the temperature dependence of the Kondo resonance in the Kondo impurity model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Canonical Representation of the Eikonal Algebra of Three-Ray Star.
- Author
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Kaplun, A. V.
- Subjects
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REPRESENTATIONS of algebras , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
In this paper, we consider a metric graph of the simplest structure, which is a three-ray star with edges of pairwise different lengths. For it, all steps of the procedure which reduces the algebra of the eikonals of the graph to a canonical form, are described in detail. Using this form, the spectrum of the eikonal algebra is endowed with a graph structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Leibniz algebras in which all centralizers of nonzero elements are zero algebras.
- Author
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Towers, David A.
- Subjects
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LIE algebras , *ALGEBRA , *GENERALIZATION - Abstract
AbstractThis paper is concerned with generalizing the results for Lie
CT -algebras to Leibniz algebras. In some cases our results give a generalization even for the case of a Lie algebra. Results onA -algebras are used to show every LeibnizCT -algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic different from 2,3 is solvable or is isomorphic to sl2(F). A characterization is then given for solvable LeibnizCT -algebras. It is also shown that the class of solvable LeibnizCT -algebras is factor closed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. On the endomorphism algebra of Specht modules in even characteristic.
- Author
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Geranios, Haralampos and Higgins, Adam
- Subjects
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MODULES (Algebra) , *ENDOMORPHISM rings , *ENDOMORPHISMS , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Over fields of characteristic 2, Specht modules may decompose and there is no upper bound for the dimension of their endomorphism algebra. A classification of the (in)decomposable Specht modules and a closed formula for the dimension of their endomorphism algebra remain two important open problems in the area. In this paper, we introduce a novel description of the endomorphism algebra of the Specht modules and provide infinite families of Specht modules with one-dimensional endomorphism algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Skew axial algebras of Monster type.
- Author
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Turner, Michael
- Subjects
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ALGEBRA , *CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Skew axets were first defined by McInroy and Shpectorov where they used the term of axets to classify shapes of an algebra. When they first submitted their paper, it was not known if skew axial algebras exist and now we will present such examples with axet X ′ (1 + 2). Looking at 2-generated primitive axial algebras of Monster type, we will be able to state and prove the classification of such algebras with axet X ′ (1 + 2). We will conclude by looking at larger skew axets and give a suggestion on how one could extend the classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Subinvariance and ascendancy in Leibniz Algebras.
- Author
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Groves, Emma, Misra, Kailash C., and Stitzinger, Ernie
- Subjects
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LIE algebras , *GROUP theory , *ALGEBRA , *GENERALIZATION , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
AbstractLeibniz algebras are certain generalizations of Lie algebras. Motivated by the concept of subinvariance and ascendancy in group theory, Schenkman studied properties of subinvariant subalgebras of a Lie algebra. Kawamoto studied ascendency in Lie algebras. In this paper we define subinvariance and asendency in Leibniz algebras and study their properties. It is shown that the signature results on subinvariance and ascendency in Lie algebras have analogs for Leibniz algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. On Noetherian algebras, Schur functors and Hemmer--Nakano dimensions.
- Author
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Cruz, Tiago
- Subjects
- *
GROUP algebras , *MODULES (Algebra) , *REPRESENTATION theory , *ALGEBRA , *DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) , *ENDOMORPHISMS - Abstract
Important connections in representation theory arise from resolving a finite-dimensional algebra by an endomorphism algebra of a generator-cogenerator with finite global dimension; for instance, Auslander's correspondence, classical Schur–Weyl duality and Soergel's Struktursatz. Here, the module category of the resolution and the module category of the algebra being resolved are linked via an exact functor known as the Schur functor. In this paper, we investigate how to measure the quality of the connection between module categories of (projective) Noetherian algebras, B, and module categories of endomorphism algebras of generator-relative cogenerators over B which are split quasi-hereditary Noetherian algebras. In particular, we are interested in finding, if it exists, the highest degree n so that the endomorphism algebra of a generator-cogenerator provides an n-faithful cover, in the sense of Rouquier, of B. The degree n is known as the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of the standard modules. We prove that, in general, the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of standard modules with respect to a Schur functor from a split highest weight category over a field to the module category of a finite-dimensional algebra B is bounded above by the number of non-isomorphic simple modules of B. We establish methods for reducing computations of Hemmer–Nakano dimensions in the integral setup to computations of Hemmer–Nakano dimensions over finite-dimensional algebras, and vice-versa. In addition, we extend the framework to study Hemmer–Nakano dimensions of arbitrary resolving subcategories. In this setup, we find that the relative dominant dimension over (projective) Noetherian algebras is an important tool in the computation of these degrees, extending the previous work of Fang and Koenig. In particular, this theory allows us to derive results for Schur algebras and the BGG category \mathcal {O} in the integral setup from the finite-dimensional case. More precisely, we use the relative dominant dimension of Schur algebras to completely determine the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of standard modules with respect to Schur functors between module categories of Schur algebras over regular Noetherian rings and module categories of group algebras of symmetric groups over regular Noetherian rings. We exhibit several structural properties of deformations of the blocks of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category \mathcal {O} establishing an integral version of Soergel's Struktursatz. We show that deformations of the combinatorial Soergel's functor have better homological properties than the classical one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Connecting the threads: the role of multiplicative thinking in algebraic, geometrical, and statistical reasoning.
- Author
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Day, Lorraine, Siemon, Dianne, Callingham, Rosemary, and Seah, Rebecca
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA , *GEOMETRY , *MATHEMATICS - Abstract
Making connections within and between different aspects of mathematics is recognised as fundamental to learning mathematics with understanding. However, exactly what these connections are and how they serve the goal of learning mathematics is rarely made explicit in curriculum documents with the result that mathematics tends to be presented as a set of discrete, disconnected topics. Interest in establishing a more coherent approach to the teaching and learning of school mathematics has led to a focus on big ideas. That is, networks of related concepts, skills and ways of thinking that facilitate learning mathematics with understanding. Research on learning progressions has helped identify what these big ideas are and how they serve to build connections within and between different aspects of mathematics. This paper draws on research that provides an evidenced-based learning progression for multiplicative reasoning to illustrate the connective role of multiplicative thinking in the development of algebraic, geometrical, and statistical reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A System of Four Generalized Sylvester Matrix Equations over the Quaternion Algebra.
- Author
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He, Zhuo-Heng, Tian, Jie, and Yu, Shao-Wen
- Subjects
- *
SYLVESTER matrix equations , *MATRIX decomposition , *QUATERNIONS , *ALGEBRA , *EQUATIONS - Abstract
In this paper, we make use of the simultaneous decomposition of eight quaternion matrices to study the solvability conditions and general solutions to a system of two-sided coupled Sylvester-type quaternion matrix equations A i X i C i + B i X i + 1 D i = Ω i , i = 1 , 2 , 3 , 4. We design an algorithm to compute the general solution to the system and give a numerical example. Additionally, we consider the application of the system in the encryption and decryption of color images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Higher Morita–Tachikawa correspondence.
- Author
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Cruz, Tiago
- Subjects
- *
MODULES (Algebra) , *COMMUTATIVE rings , *ALGEBRA , *ENDOMORPHISMS , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) - Abstract
Important correspondences in representation theory can be regarded as restrictions of the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence. Moreover, this correspondence motivates the study of many classes of algebras like Morita algebras and gendo‐symmetric algebras. Explicitly, the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence describes that endomorphism algebras of generators–cogenerators over finite‐dimensional algebras are exactly the finite‐dimensional algebras with dominant dimension at least two. In this paper, we introduce the concepts of quasi‐generators and quasi‐cogenerators that generalise generators and cogenerators, respectively. Using these new concepts, we present higher versions of the Morita–Tachikawa correspondence that take into account relative dominant dimension with respect to a self‐orthogonal module with arbitrary projective and injective dimensions. These new versions also hold over Noetherian algebras that are finitely generated and projective over a commutative Noetherian ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Terwilliger algebras of the group association schemes of three metacyclic groups.
- Author
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Yang, Jing, Zhang, Xiaoqian, and Feng, Lihua
- Subjects
- *
GROUP algebras , *REPRESENTATIONS of algebras , *FINITE groups , *VECTOR spaces , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
For any finite group G, the Terwilliger algebra T(G) of the group association scheme satisfies the following inclusions: T0(G)⊆T(G)⊆T˜(G), where T0(G) is a specific vector space and T˜(G) is the centralizer algebra of the permutation representation of G induced by the action of conjugation. The group G is said to be triply transitive if T0(G)=T˜(G). In this paper, we determine the dimensions of T0(G) and T˜(G) for G being Tn,k=〈a,b∣a2n=1,an=b2,bab−1=ak〉, Cn⋊Cp and Cp⋊Cn, and show that Tn,k,Cn⋊C2 and C3⋊C2n are triply transitive. Additionally, we give a complete characterization of the Wedderburn components of the Terwilliger algebras of Tn,k, Cn⋊Cp and Cp⋊Cn when they are triply transitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A combinatorial model for <italic>q</italic>-characters of fundamental modules of type <italic>Dn</italic>.
- Author
-
Tong, Jun, Duan, Bing, and Luo, Yanfeng
- Subjects
- *
OPERATOR algebras , *ALGEBRA , *COUNTING - Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a combinatorial path model of representation of the quantum affine algebra of type Dn, inspired by Mukhin and Young’s combinatorial path models of representations of the quantum affine algebras of types An and Bn. In particular, we give a combinatorial formula for
q -characters of fundamental modules of type Dn by assigning each path to a monomial or binomial. By counting our paths, a new expression on dimensions of fundamental modules of type Dn is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Schur–Weyl dualities for the rook monoid: an approach via Schur algebras.
- Author
-
M. André, Carlos A. and Legatheaux Martins, Inês
- Subjects
- *
REPRESENTATION theory , *ALGEBRA , *SYMMETRY - Abstract
The rook monoid, also known as the symmetric inverse monoid, is the archetypal structure when it comes to extend the principle of symmetry. In this paper, we establish a Schur–Weyl duality between this monoid and an extension of the classical Schur algebra, which we name the extended Schur algebra. We also explain how this relates to Solomon's Schur–Weyl duality between the rook monoid and the general linear group and mention some advantages of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Some results on anti-pre-Lie superalgebras and admissible Novikov superalgebras.
- Author
-
Chen, Zhao, Liu, Shanshan, and Chen, Liangyun
- Subjects
- *
SUPERALGEBRAS , *ALGEBRA , *MULTIPLICATION , *LIE superalgebras , *CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, we extend the notion of anti-pre-Lie algebras to the ℤ2-graded version, and introduce the notion of anti-pre-Lie superalgebras. They can be characterized as a class of Lie-admissible superalgebras that satisfy its negative left multiplication operators are the representations of the corresponding sub-adjacent Lie superalgebras. And we give the classification of 2-dimensional anti-pre-Lie superalgebras. We introduce the notion of anti-super -operators on Lie superalgebras to explore the relationships between anti-super -operators and anti-pre-Lie superalgebras. We show that nondegenerate super-commutative 2-cocycles on Lie superalgebras can obtain a class of compatible anti-pre-Lie superalgebra structures. In addition, we introduce a subclass of anti-pre-Lie superalgebras, namely admissible Novikov superalgebras, which correspond to Novikov superalgebras through q-superalgebras. Finally, we introduce the notions of anti-pre-Lie Poisson superalgebras and admissible Novikov-Poisson superalgebras, extending the correspondence to the level of Poisson type structures, the correspondence of the Novikov-Poisson superalgebras and the admissible Novikov-Poisson superalgebras are realized through admissible pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Analytical methods for controlling timed event graphs with disturbances and paths subject to marking constraints: application to a disassembly process.
- Author
-
Bouazza, S., Amari, S., Hassine, H., Barkallah, M., and Haddar, M.
- Subjects
- *
PETRI nets , *DISCRETE systems , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of marking constraints in a class of partially controllable timed Petri nets. Specifically, these are Timed Event Graphs (TEGs) which include disturbed input transitions and which are subject to token capacity constraints in some paths. Using the Min-Plus algebra formalism, formal approaches are proposed to design causal control laws to guarantee compliance with marking constraints in TEGs. Sufficient conditions are defined to show the existence and synthesis of these controllers. The developed methodologies are illustrated in a case study of a disassembly system with a limited stock of components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Powers of the Cartier operator on Artin–Schreier covers.
- Author
-
Groen, Steven R.
- Subjects
- *
NUMBER theory , *VECTOR spaces , *ALGEBRA , *ARITHMETIC - Abstract
For a curve in positive characteristic, the Cartier operator acts on the vector space of its regular differentials. The a-number is defined to be the dimension of the kernel of the Cartier operator. In [a-numbers of curves in Artin–Schreier covers, Algebra Number Theory 14(3) (2020) 587–641], Booher and Cais use a sheaf-theoretic approach to give bounds on the a-numbers of Artin–Schreier covers. In this paper, I generalize that approach to arbitrary powers of the Cartier operator, yielding bounds for the dimension of the kernel. These bounds give new restrictions on the Ekedahl-Oort type of Artin–Schreier covers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Characterization of the absorption radical of an evolution algebra using their associated graph.
- Author
-
Cadavid, Paula, Reis, Tiago, and Montoya, Mary Luz Rodiño
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA , *ABSORPTION , *ACYCLIC model - Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for finding the absorbing radical of a finite-dimensional evolution algebra. Such a method consists of finding the acyclic vertices of an oriented graph associated with the algebra. The set of generators associated with such vertices turn out to be the generators of the absorption radical. As an application we use the absorption radical to study the decomposability of some degenerate evolution algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hom–Leibniz bialgebras revisited.
- Author
-
Ma, Tianshui, Sun, Yixuan, and Zhou, Xin
- Subjects
- *
YANG-Baxter equation , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
In this paper, we re-establish a bialgebraic theory on a Hom–Leibniz algebra by a new dual representation, which weakens the involutive condition on the structure map in [S. Guo, S. X. Wang and X. H. Zhang, The Classical Hom–Leibniz Yang–Baxter Equation and Hom–Leibniz Bialgebras,
Mathematics 10 (2022) 1920; I. Laraiedh and S. Silvestrov, Hom–Leibniz bialgebras and BiHom–Leibniz dendriform algebras,Afr. Mat. 34 (2023), Article ID: 28, 45 pp]. We also give the classification of triangular Hom–Leibniz bialgebras on two-dimensional Hom–Leibniz algebras induced by “Yau twist principle”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. δ-(bi)derivations and transposed Poisson algebra structures on the n-th Schrödinger algebra.
- Author
-
Wang, Yu and Chen, Zhengxin
- Subjects
- *
POISSON algebras , *ALGEBRA , *LIE algebras - Abstract
The n-th Schrödinger algebra 픰픠픥n := 픰픩2 ⋉ 픥n is the semidirect product of the Lie algebra 픰픩2 with the n-th Heisenberg Lie algebra 픥n. In this paper, we will show that 픰픠픥n has neither nontrivial 1 2-derivations nor nontrivial transposed Poisson algebra structures, and doesn’t have nonzero 1 2-biderivations. In addition, all δ-derivations and δ-biderivations on 픰픠픥n are all described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Quasi-Frobenius Novikov algebras and pre-Novikov bialgebras.
- Author
-
Li, Yue and Hong, Yanyong
- Subjects
- *
YANG-Baxter equation , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
AbstractPre-Novikov algebras and quasi-Frobenius Novikov algebras naturally appear in the theory of Novikov bialgebras. In this paper, we show that there is a natural pre-Novikov algebra structure associated to a quasi-Frobenius Novikov algebra. Then we introduce the definition of double constructions of quasi-Frobenius Novikov algebras associated to two pre-Novikov algebras and show that it is characterized by a pre-Novikov bialgebra. We also introduce the notion of pre-Novikov Yang-Baxter equation, whose symmetric solutions can produce pre-Novikov bialgebras. Moreover, the operator forms of pre-Novikov Yang-Baxter equation are also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cohomology and Crossed Modules of Modified Rota–Baxter Pre-Lie Algebras.
- Author
-
Zhu, Fuyang and Teng, Wen
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA - Abstract
The goal of the present paper is to provide a cohomology theory and crossed modules of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras. We introduce the notion of a modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebra and its bimodule. We define a cohomology of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras with coefficients in a suitable bimodule. Furthermore, we study the infinitesimal deformations and abelian extensions of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras and relate them with the second cohomology groups. Finally, we investigate skeletal and strict modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras. We show that skeletal modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras can be classified into the third cohomology group, and strict modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie 2-algebras are equivalent to the crossed modules of modified Rota–Baxter pre-Lie algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Classification of simple Harish-Chandra modules over the generalized Witt algebras.
- Author
-
Lü, Rencai and Xue, Yaohui
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA , *CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
In this paper, we classify simple Harish-Chandra modules over simple generalized Witt algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. From quantum loop superalgebras to super Yangians.
- Author
-
Lin, Hongda, Wang, Yongjie, and Zhang, Honglian
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA , *SUPERALGEBRAS , *LIE superalgebras , *ARGUMENT - Abstract
The goal of this paper is to generalize a statement by Drinfeld, asserting that Yangians can be constructed as limit forms of the quantum loop algebras, to the super case. We establish a connection between quantum loop superalgebra and super Yangian of the general linear Lie superalgebra gl M | N in RTT type presentation. In particular, we derive the Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt(PBW) theorem for the quantum loop superalgebra U q (Lgl M | N). Additionally, we investigate the application of the same argument to twisted super Yangian of the ortho-symplectic Lie superalgebra. For this purpose, we introduce the twisted quantum loop superalgebra as a one-sided coideal of U q (Lgl M | 2 n) with respect to the comultiplication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluation maps for affine quantum Schur algebras.
- Author
-
Fu, Qiang and Liu, Mingqiang
- Subjects
- *
AFFINE algebraic groups , *HECKE algebras , *MODULES (Algebra) , *ALGEBRA , *POLYNOMIALS - Abstract
For a ∈ C ⁎ there are two natural evaluation maps ev a and ev a from the affine Hecke algebra H ▵ (r) C to the Hecke algebra H (r) C. The maps ev a and ev a induce evaluation maps ev ˜ a and ev ˜ a from the affine quantum Schur algebra S ▵ (n , r) C to the quantum Schur algebra S (n , r) C , respectively. In this paper we prove that the evaluation map ev ˜ a (resp. ev ˜ a) is compatible with the evaluation map Ev a (resp. Ev (− 1) n a q n ) for quantum affine sl n. Furthermore we compute the Drinfeld polynomials associated with the simple S ▵ (n , r) C -modules which come from the simple S (n , r) C -modules via the evaluation maps ev ˜ a. Then we characterize finite-dimensional irreducible S ▵ (n , r) C -modules which are irreducible as S (n , r) C -modules for n > r. As an application, we characterize finite-dimensional irreducible modules for the affine Hecke algebra H ▵ (r) C which are irreducible as modules for the Hecke algebra H (r) C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Rings additively generated by periodic elements.
- Author
-
Bien, M. H., Danchev, P. V., and Ramezan-Nassab, M.
- Subjects
- *
DIVISION rings , *GROUP rings , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
In the this paper, as a generalization of the classical periodic rings, we explore those rings whose elements are additively generated by two (or more) periodic elements by calling them
additively periodic . We prove that, in some major cases, additively periodic rings remain periodic too. This includes, for instance, algebraic algebras, group rings, and matrix rings over commutative rings. Moreover, we also obtain some independent results for the new class of rings. For example, the triangular matrix rings retain that property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Weighted differential (q-tri)dendriform algebras.
- Author
-
Zhang, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Huhu, Wu, Tingzeng, and Gao, Xing
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA - Abstract
In this paper, we first introduce a weighted derivation on algebras over an operad 풫, and prove that for the free 풫-algebra, its weighted derivation is determined by the restriction on the generators. As applications, we propose the concept of weighted differential (q-tri)dendriform algebras and study some basic properties of them. Then Novikov-(tri)dendriform algebras are initiated, which can be induced from differential (q-tri)dendriform of weight zero. Finally, the corresponding free objects are constructed, in both the commutative and noncommutative contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Quantization of the Rank Two Heisenberg–Virasoro Algebra.
- Author
-
Chen, Xue
- Subjects
- *
QUANTUM groups , *HOPF algebras , *LIE algebras , *MATHEMATICAL physics , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Quantum groups occupy a significant position in both mathematics and physics, contributing to progress in these fields. It is interesting to obtain new quantum groups by the quantization of Lie bialgebras. In this paper, the quantization of the rank two Heisenberg–Virasoro algebra by Drinfel'd twists is presented, Lie bialgebra structures of which have been investigated by the authors recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Minimal varieties of graded PI‐algebras over abelian groups.
- Author
-
Argenti, Sebastiano and Vincenzo, Onofrio Mario Di
- Subjects
- *
ABELIAN groups , *FINITE groups , *ALGEBRA , *ABELIAN varieties , *AFFINE algebraic groups - Abstract
Let F$F$ be a field of characteristic zero and G$G$ a finite abelian group. In this paper, we prove that an affine variety of G$G$‐graded PI‐algebras is minimal if and only if it is generated by a graded algebra UT(A1,⋯,Am;γ)$UT(A_1,\dots,A_m;\gamma)$ of upper block triangular matrices where A1,⋯,Am$A_1,\dots,A_m$ are finite‐dimensional G$G$‐simple algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. On automorphisms of tame polynomial automorphism Ind-Schemes in positive characteristic.
- Author
-
Kanel-Belov, Alexey, Elishev, Andrey, and Yu, Jie-Tai
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMORPHISMS , *AUTOMORPHISM groups , *POLYNOMIALS , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
AbstractIn this paper we study certain combinatorial attributes of Ind-schemes of polynomial automorphisms in positive characteristic. In particular, we prove that over an algebraically closed field
K of positive characteristic ≠2 every automorphism of the group of origin-preserving automorphisms of the polynomial algebra K[x1,…,xn] (n≥3), which fixes every diagonal matrix, preserves, up to composition with a linear inner automorphism, every tame automorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Linear maps preserving inclusion and equality of the spectrum to fixed sets.
- Author
-
Costara, Constantin
- Subjects
- *
LINEAR operators , *NATURAL numbers , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Let $ n \geq ~2 $ n ≥ 2 be a natural number, and denote by $ \mathcal {M}_{n} $ M n the algebra of all $ n \times n $ n × n matrices over an algebraically closed field $ \mathbb {F} $ F of zero characteristic. Let also $ K_{1} $ K 1 and $ K_{2} $ K 2 be two non-empty proper subsets of $ \mathbb {F} $ F . In this paper, we characterize linear maps φ on $ \mathcal {M}_{n} $ M n having the property that, for every $ T \in \mathcal {M}_{n} $ T ∈ M n , the spectrum of T is a subset of $ K_1 $ K 1 if and only if the spectrum of $ \varphi (T) $ φ (T) is a subset of $ K_2 $ K 2 . We obtain a similar caracterization for the case when $ K_{1} $ K 1 and $ K_{2} $ K 2 have both at most n elements, working with the equality of the spectrum to the fixed subsets instead of the inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Jordan-type derivations on trivial extension algebras.
- Author
-
Ashraf, Mohammad, Akhter, Md Shamim, and Ansari, Mohammad Afajal
- Subjects
- *
JORDAN algebras , *COMMUTATIVE algebra , *ALGEBRA , *MATRICES (Mathematics) , *COMMUTATIVE rings , *BANACH algebras - Abstract
Assume that is a unital algebra over a commutative unital ring ℛ and is an -bimodule. A trivial extension algebra ⋉ is defined as an ℛ -algebra with usual operations of ℛ -module × and the multiplication defined by (u 1 , s 1) (u 2 , s 2) = (u 1 u 2 , u 1 s 2 + s 1 u 2) for all u 1 , u 2 ∈ , s 1 , s 2 ∈. In this paper, we prove that under certain conditions every Jordan n -derivation Δ on ⋉ can be expressed as Δ = d + δ , where d is a derivation and δ is both a singular Jordan derivation and an antiderivation. As applications, we characterize Jordan n -derivations on triangular algebras and generalized matrix algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. On three types of Galois extensions which are Azumaya.
- Author
-
Xue, Lianyong
- Subjects
- *
ALGEBRA - Abstract
In this paper, we shall study three types of Galois extensions B which are Azumaya algebras over its center C. (1) 1 , the class of Azumaya–Galois extensions; (2) 2 , the class of Galois extensions B of B G with Galois group G such that B G is a separable C G -algebra; and (3) 3 , the class of Galois extensions which are Azumaya algebras over its center C. Clearly, 1 ⊆ 2 ⊆ 3 . Examples are given to show the proper inclusion relationship 1 ⊂ 2 ⊂ 3 , and equivalent conditions are given under which a B ∈ 3 is in 1 and a B ∈ 2 is in 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. On discrete properties of Bernoulli shift.
- Author
-
Halušková, Emília and Schwartzová, Radka
- Subjects
- *
DYNAMICAL systems , *DIRECTED graphs , *ALGEBRA - Abstract
Monounary algebras are the most simple type of an algebraic structure. Oriented graphs with one outgoing arrow from every vertex represent them. The aim of this paper is to point out the interdisciplinary relationships concerning this structure. Bernoulli shift is a paradigmatic mapping in dynamical systems. It is also called dyadic, bit shift, doubling or sawtooth. We offer a look at the properties of this mapping via monounary algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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