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In this paper, we reflect on how the principle of the 'right to be forgotten' (RTBF), specifically the right to erasure as enshrined in Article 17 (and to some extent Art. 19 and Art. 21) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR; Regulation (EU) 2016/679), or the right to delete undesirable, unflattering or reputation‐damaging archived records of oneself from search engines or databases, might apply to academic publishing. In particular, we focus on archival (library and information) science, post‐publication peer review, and reflect on whether RTBF is compatible with open science principles. Even though RTBF became enshrined in EU law in 2018, its trans‐Atlantic export to the United States faces resistance because it is seen as being incompatible with First Amendment rights. We ponder the pertinence of the debate regarding local versus global applicability of RTBF when considering the transnational nature of some collaborative research. Although RTBF applies broadly to search engines such as Google, we question whether authors have this right and also whether publishers are subjected to this law with respect to science databases, or even 'local' (i.e., publisher‐controlled) archives, especially in the light of retractions or withdrawals, in which data and files are removed from a preprint or journal's website or, in extreme cases, where all or most bibliometric information is scrubbed clean, as in the case of 'silent retractions'. We extend our reflections further to appreciate whether authors or editors are entitled to RTBF in extreme instances of misconduct or fraud. The fundamental right to privacy and personal choice, as is suggested by (or enshrined in) RTBF, is not—in our view—compatible with several principles related to the integrity of data and information, or even their preservation, and may be diametrically opposed, depending on the situation. We encourage wider debate on this budding pertinent issue as a fundamental aspect of academic rights and freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Croatian constitutional reforms of 2000, official documents for appointment of new Croatian ambassadors have borne the signature of the President of the Republic of Croatia. However, they have not borne the countersign of the Prime Minister that is usually submitted to the Head of State as a separate document earlier on in the appointment procedure. Inspired by this uncommon practice, this paper examines the history of countersign by means of application of H. O. Meisner's "Aktenkunde" (the modern diplomatics of files). It studies its antique and medieval roots with particular emphasis on its development from the 16th century onwards. Since Meisner's modern diplomatics as an auxiliary science of history has not been particularly known in Croatia, the first part of this paper presents his theory as well as the parallel development of the French "diplomatique de l'époque moderne". The diplomatic analysis specially focuses on documents for appointment of high-ranking civil and military officials issued by Austrian, Croatian and Hungarian Habsburg chancelleries in the period between the 16th century and 1918. The Habsburgs had at their disposal five types of documents for appointment of officials that, apart from decrees, were validated by sovereign's signature placed below the text to the left, and by a countersign of competent authority's head, originally placed directly below sovereign's signature and later on underneath the signature more to the right. This paper also underlines the importance of auxiliary historical sciences, here the diplomatic, since public documents like other state symbols (the national flag, coat of arms or decorations) form part of state identity and should follow centuries-old diplomatic traditions that were almost forgotten during the Communist era in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores grassroots community activist art archives and their ability to disseminate and preserve digital protest art in the period surrounding the Belarusian 2020 presidential election. This paper focuses on the cultural aspects of these digital archives and argues that they have become a recent source for describing, defining and communicating Belarusian culture in ways that have challenged the norms of political power and the centrality of the archives of state institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to make a bibliographic analysis regarding construction of institutional memory from archival documents. The search was carried out in the database of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (capes), using the terms: "archive" + "institutional memory"; "archive" + "organizational memory"; "archive" + "corporate memory". The time frame delimited the period between 2009 and 2018 the areas of applied social sciences and humanities and the areas of knowledge of information science, communication and history were selected. From the results found, fifteen papers were selected for reading and analysis, and the result pointed to the matters of dispute and power, memory and forgetfulness, manipulation and ideological impositions that permeate the construction of memory. In addition to the interdisciplinary nature of the research, it was noticed that the archival documents were fundamental for the production of the theses read. However, more studies are still needed to deepen the theme, highlighting the interdisciplinary character of memory. And, moreover for the development of methodologies, that use archival documents as a fundamental part for the construction of institutional memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to give a new definition of the word "Archives" as a result of an accurate survey of doctrinal orientations on this specific subject, analyzing - word by word - each particular lemma which makes up the new proposal. Even though there is no definition that is valid in every context, but archival theory seems to suffer largely from a heterogeneous vision, downstream of a rigorous scientific journey, but dense of conceptual and lexical unexpected contingencies. Each term - with meanings and contexts - does not constitute a simple signifier, but refers to a specific baggage of every disciplinary and cultural tradition. For these reasons, we will attempt to provide an overview of the definitions of archives, from the particular to the general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the concepts and delimitations in the field of investigation of Big Data, an emerging area that mainly involves information and communication technologies, but also has interdisciplinary connections, approaching here the connection with information professionals. It demonstrates the scientific production in the subjects of Big Data and Data Scientist, looking for to verify the main published papers. It explores the approach of dataism, how to transform social action into online data, allowing for real-time tracking and predictive analysis of certain actions. Finally, it has reflections on Big Data as an important element of scientific research and work object for information professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper regards the ways archival discipline is treated in DDC. After a short introduction about the discipline in Italy, the essay focuses on the analysis of division 020 of DDC 23, with specific attention to section 025 and with punctual reference to section 651, concerning archival material. The aim of the paper is to point out archival discipline's peculiarities and its differences from library science, as well as underlining the critical issues on how this discipline is handled in DDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On July 9–13, 2018, the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS) at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA, hosted the tenth annual Archival Education and Research Institute (AERI). A week-long institute designed to strengthen archival education and research and support academic cohort-building and mentoring, AERI is open to all academic faculty and students working in archival studies, both nationally and internationally, as well as others engaged in archival education, research, and scholarship, broadly conceived. Attended by researchers, educators, doctoral students, and students enrolled in the AERI-affiliated Emerging Archival Scholars Program (EASP), this tenth anniversary gathering marked the Institute's first meeting in the Southeast. Alabama provided a valuable lens for considering critical archival issues: discussions of memory, community activism, and representation were particularly vivid in a region that continues to consider its past, and its continued influence on present social, political, and economic environments. In this introduction, the Co-Chair of the Institute and Guest Editor of this issue, Tonia Sutherland, provides a brief overview of the conference highlights and introduces the papers presented in the Special Issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the state of the art of the cataloguing description of personal relationships between creators of archival records and people that are related to the life cycle of cultural objects, as highlighted by museums, archives and libraries records (i.e. GLAM, translated in italian MAB). Since people are fundamental access points to the cultural heritage, the representation of relationships between people and corporate bodies in Linked Open Data is of increasing interest. Nonetheless, a shared and comprehensive vocabulary of personal relationships is not available yet. Leveraging on Semantic Web technologies, and ontologies in particular, the aim is to identify existing ontologies that allow to represent relationships in their context (i.e. time, space and events); to map and classify different types of personal relationships; and to provide a formal representation of relationships not available in existing ontologies. As a result, we present an ontology, with a controlled vocabulary, for the representation of the scenario of personal relationships in the cultural heritage domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story of the Encyclopedia of Australian Science is fundamental to the story of the eScholarship Research Centre (ESRC) and its predecessors. Published online in 2010, there are data in this public knowledge web resource that can be traced back to the early days of the World Wide Web in the mid-1990s, and earlier to the beginnings of the Australian Science Archives Project (ASAP) in March 1985. ASAP was created to help meet the needs of the history of Australian science research community by locating, documenting and finding an archival home for collections of records and creating a register of where collections relating to the history of science were held in Australia. This paper provides a perspective on the events that led to the web publication of the Encyclopedia of Australian Science in 2010 and its continuing role as a key activity of the ESRC. There is a focus on the reasons why this work was required in the first instance and the lessons learned along the way. The paper reflects on the initial drivers that continue to challenge, indeed frustrate, the development of cohesive national information infrastructure to support research and societal self-awareness, despite the developments in digital and communications technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precedents and dossiers developed by the document services of Parliaments are both a very useful tool in the Legislative Process. From a practice point of view, this paper tries to show these information products from the study of their goals, methodology and users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a part of the reflections from a vastranging research project on the path of Archival Science as a scientific discipline in Brazil and its international dialogues. It focuses on the relations of Archival Science with other disciplines, especially in the political-institutional scope, and, particularly, with Information Science in contemporary times. As a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research, it develops through bibliographic and documental studies. Reading works from Sociology and Philosophy, it seeks the historical understanding of classifications of sciences that subsidize the classification of Archival Science in the current Brazilian context. The results show relations of submission of this discipline to Information Science in the classification of knowledge areas in Brazil, caried out by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), in 1984 and still in force. In a critical perspective, it shows reflections and questions whether that classification considers Archival Science's history, epistemology, theory, and, above all, scientific autonomy, which has been going through consolidation in the last few years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a characterization of the archival science training processes conducted at Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecología at University of Antioquia. It starts reviewing the theoretical referents that support the overall development of archival science and training in particular in the geographical context of Latin America and Colombia. This characterization makes it possible to visualize the maturity of the program and the training-challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a conference held at the VIII Seminar of Archival Science Knowledge – Seminário de Saberes Arquivísticos (SESA) –, aiming to retake and reflect upon the scientific investigation in Archival Science and its search for identity. To that end, this work presents results from several stages of a vast research project concerning the configuration of Archival Science as a discipline in Brazil and the Brazilian scientific production of interest to this area. These results come from a qualitative-quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research, in addition to a vast bibliographic research in Brazilian and international Archival Science works. The results show a significant increase in scientific production of interest to Archival Science in comparison to prior years, fourteen times greater in the previous 14 years. Theses and dissertations of interest to the discipline are sparsely distributed in several post-graduate programs, though predominantly in Information Science programs. Findings show that Archival Science's search for epistemological and theoretical identity still lacks specific post-graduate programs in order for it to achieve a political-institutional identity in the post-graduate environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segment of companies providing storage services and hardware for end users and small businesses has been growing in the past few years. Cloud storage, personal network-attached storage ( NAS), and external hard drives are more affordable than ever before and one would think that backing up personal digital information is a straightforward process nowadays. Despite this, small group studies and corporate surveys show the opposite. In this paper we present the results from a quantitative and qualitative survey of 319 participants about how they back up their personal computers and restore personal information in case of computer failures. The results show that the majority of users do manual, selective, and noncontinuous backups, rely on a set of planned and unplanned backups (as a consequence of other activities), have inadequate knowledge about possible solutions and implications of using known solutions, and so on. The study also reveals that around a fifth of all computers are not backed up, and a quarter of most important files and a third of most important folders at the time of the survey could not be (fully) restored in the event of computer failure. Based on the results, several implications for practice and research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the archival organization and description process of the 1964-2002 INCORA Antioquia Land Acquisition Program. The Research Center at Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecología (the Inter-American School of Library Science) provided resources to fund the process in 2013. At first, the program had proposed and approved the writing of an "institutional and organizational archival history of the 1961-2003 INCORA Antioquia land acquisition program documentation has produced ", but because of administrative reasons of the project and they transferred the documentation to the city of Bogota. Therefore, it was impossible to write the history of the Institution. INCODER received all of the documentation of the archive corresponding to this program satisfactorily, and INCODER conducted this after an archival organization and description process pursuant to the guidelines the Nation's General Archives established for internal control investigations and periodical documental transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on studies of Science Sociology and Philosophy focused on “scientific objectivity", this paper places the archival principle of Provenance within the concept of “scientific principle". The contributions and repercussions of the Principle of Provenance, consensually accepted by the archival scientific community in spite of the divergence of opinions regarding its origins, denominations, relations and development, can be inferred from its historical trajectory and conceptions, in accordance with the national and international manuals studied. Among these contributions, we can highlight the acknowledgement of its identity and relevance as a driving principle of archival theory and the part this principle plays on the formation and consolidation of Archival Sciences as a scientific discipline, as well as on archival practices, by making the activities of the archival scientist singular on the field of information. In identifying the context of production and accumulation of documents in the external delimitation of funds and its internal organization, the Principle of Provenance preserves the organicity and proof value of the documents before society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a series of considerations on the role that leadership plays or should play during the development of a class session, that is regularly 60 minutes, before and with the group. It also presents the conception of teaching from the curricular and pedagogical perspectives and defines leadership in an operative way, explains its roots, fundamentals and features. Besides, it approaches the explanations given about the role of leadership in teaching. Finally, it notes and explains what Information Science is and how knowledge, skills and attitudes integrating leadership are applied in Information Science classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers information demands for documental proof, consideeing documents a representation of reality that can be backed by their formal values. It uses concepts from diplomatics and archival science that have aided to think about the act of composing a formal document. It also dialogues with approaches from history that have helped us to think about the theoretical perspective that intends to extract realistic elements from documents for the representation of the reality. Finally, some theoretical historiographic perspectives that are questioning historical documents and discourses as representation are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents Constructed Past Theory, an epistemological theory about how we come to know things that happened or existed in the past. The theory is expounded both in text and in a formal model comprising UML class diagrams. The ideas presented here have been developed in a half century of experience as a practitioner in the management of information and automated systems in the US government and as a researcher in several collaborations, notably the four international and multidisciplinary InterPARES projects. This work is part of a broader initiative, providing a conceptual framework for reformulating the concepts and theories of archival science in order to enable a new discipline whose assertions are empirically and, wherever possible, quantitatively testable. The new discipline, called archival engineering, is intended to provide an appropriate, coherent foundation for the development of systems and applications for managing, preserving and providing access to digital information, development which is necessitated by the exponential growth and explosive diversification of data recorded in digital form and the use of digital data in an ever increasing variety of domains. Both the text and model are an initial exposition of the theory that both requires and invites further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]