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Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the frequently encountered cyanotic heart diseases. We describe how we handled anesthesia for a pregnant woman with uncorrected Tetralogy of Fallot during a cesarean section. Less than 10% of patients with Congenital Heart Disease survive for more than 10 years. Among the survivors, very few of them reach adulthood in countries like Pakistan with no previous surgical interventions. The occurrence of such case is quite rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined association between perceived parent adolescent conflict and social competence and whether gender of the adolescents moderated impact of parent-adolescent conflicts on their social competence. The sample of 120 college students (60 boys and 60 girls) who were living with both biological parents was recruited from the public colleges of Lahore. The Conflict Behavior Questionnaire and Social Competence Scale for Adolescents were administered to the participants. Results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between the mean scores of adolescent boys and girls on their perceived adolescent conflict with father (t = 9.41, p <.001) and with mother (t = 2.66, p <.012) however boys' conflict with their parents was stronger than that of girls. Interestingly, both boys and girls perceived their relationship with the parent of the opposite sex as more conflicting. Parent-adolescent conflicts negatively predicted social competence and gender moderated the relationship between motheradolescent conflict and social competence of adolescents after statistically controlling for demographic variables i.e., age of adolescents, class and family system, unlike the case of father-adolescents conflict. Furthermore, adolescent girls scored significantly higher on social competence than boys (t =2.45, p < .016). The findings have been discussed in regard to gender roles in the cultural environment/settings of Pakistan where a huge gender disparity exists between the sexes. As a developing country, changing family life-style due to urbanization and spread of education in Pakistan appears to bode well in negotiating gender discrepancies and viewpoints for adaptive parent-adolescent relationship. It can, in turn, boost social competence as well, among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond the concerns associated with marginalised groups' underrepresentation, we posited that socio-demographic aspects and associated stigma provoke gendered social exclusion among older adults. Although these linkages have been frequently acknowledged, concrete evidence remains complicated. In a sample of 384 older adults from various administrative zones of the Lahore metropolitan, we examined that gendered social exclusion is typically connected with socio-demographic stereotypes. Statistics revealed that 72.3% of older adults reported social exclusion. Homemakers and non-workers were more prone to experience social exclusion than employed respondents. Findings further discovered that the social exclusion rates were more significant among older women (93.1%) than older men (47.5%). Among older women, those involved in some employment, having a personal income, living in higher-income households and joint families with their children or peers, and having access to a private car were less possibly socially excluded. The substantial gender aspect of social exclusion appears to be provoked by a gender-based socio-cultural context, limiting older women's participation in daily socio-economic pursuits. Finally, possible consequences of increased social exclusion among older women and strategies to cater to this emerging issue are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]