Search

Canavalia ensiformis is a Fabaceae used for soil conservation and control of weeds. The objective of this study was to identify gall wasps of C. ensiformis at Guerrero, Mexico. A survey was done in June 2022 in a crop of C. ensiformis planted to provide cover for Zea mays L. plots at Anahuac, San Marcos, Guerrero, México. Abnormal galls were found on several organs of the plants, especially the branches. Three branches from 10 plants were gathered, put into paper bags, labelled, and transported in polystyrene containers to Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) for rearing wasps. Adults were identified based on morphological characteristics. C. ensiformis was reported for the first time as an alternate host of wasps of the genus Eurytoma. Further studies of the genus and species identification using molecular techniques are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty accessions of cotton (Gossypium) in the INIFAP genebank in the Iguala Experimental Field were analyzed for resistance to eriophyid mites. Vegetative structures such as leaves and petioles and reproductive structures such as the bract calyx with galls were collected from cotton plants. Galls were cut into cross section to locate mites; taxonomic keys were used to identify the mites. Damage to accessions of cotton was evaluated on a scale of six classes. Damage by eriophyid mites was analyzed with PROC RANK, subjecting it to analysis of variance with PROC GLM, and mean comparison by Tukey (P = 0.05) using statistical software SAS® 9.2. Eriophyidae was reported associated with formation of galls in cotton. Severity of damage was 0 to 85%, but cotton accessions TOA-06, FZ-06, GOS-16, GOS-34, TOA-09, TOA-02, GOS-17, TOA-04, and TOA-05 were resistant. More studies of biology and ecology and molecular analysis are needed to better understand and develop management strategies against mites in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most representative crop of Mexico, mainly because of its social, cultural, and economic importance. The objective of this research was to identify genotypes with natural resistance to damage by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and their relationship with ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. Link (Nectriaceae). Samples were collected from September to November 2019 from hybrids and native maize in nine plots in Puebla and Morelos states. Ear rot pathogens and Lepidoptera found in plots were morphologically identified; ear rot incidence, severity, and damage caused by the pests were evaluated. Data of ear rot, leaf damage, and ear damage were adjusted by arcsine square root and analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared by a Tukey multiple range test (p = 0.05). Fusarium spp. was found with 15.04 to 32.01% severity; damage by fall armyworm and corn earworm ranged from 23.63 to 46.96%, with galleries as long as 4.77 cm. The amount of ear rot was proportional to damage by Lepidoptera, demonstrating relationship between injury by these insects and ear rot severity caused by Fusarium spp. in hybrids and native cultivars in different areas, cultural practices, and production systems. Genotypes more resistant to damage by pests were Black Native from San Miguel, Teotlalco, Puebla; Pioneer 30F35 from Contla, Puebla; Pioneer P4028W from Tetelilla, Morelos; and Pioneer P4028W from Tepalcingo, Morelos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]