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Two crystalline inner salts 3-carboxy-2-(quinolinium-1-ylmethyl)propanoate dihydrate (1) and 3-(3-carbamoylpyridinium-1-yl)-2-(carboxymethyl)propanoate (2) were featured by the X-ray diffraction analysis, IR, mp, and elemental analysis. Salt 1 crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P-1, with a = 7.8315(8) Å, b = 11.1063(12) Å, c = 11.3763(14) Å, α = 67.5800(10)°, β = 82.295(2)°, γ = 80.970(2)°, V = 900.38(17) Å3, and Z = 2. Salt 2 adopts the monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 8.4782(8) Å, b = 7.7825(7) Å, c = 16.8649(17) Å, β = 97.999(2)º, V = 1101.95(18) Å3, and Z = 4. Both salts comprise the extensive O-H···O H-bonds as well as other non-covalent associates. The percentage contribution of the significant non-covalent contacts was calculated via the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The hetero supramolecular synthons R21(6), R22(10), R22(12), R22(13), R22(14), R22(16), R22(22), R33(9), R42(8), R43(10), and R55(17) were established at the both salts. Most of the synthons were not found repeatedly, yet the R22(10) was established in both cases. The role of these non-covalent interactions in the crystal structure extension is ascertained. These weak interactions combined together, and both salts exhibited the 3D framework structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid, quantitative, and sensitive assays for the multiplexed detection of bacterial pathogens are urgently needed for public health. Here, we report the generation of dual-modified phage sensors for the simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic bacteria. The M13KE phage was dual modified to display the targeting peptide on the minor coat protein pIII (∼5 copies) and the streptavidin-binding (StrB) peptide on the major coat protein pVIII (∼2700 copies). The targeting peptide specifically recognizes the target bacteria, and the StrB peptide acts as the efficient signal amplification and transduction unit upon binding with fluorescently tagged streptavidin. The bright fluorescence emitted from individual target bacteria can be clearly distinguished from the background via both the flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Three different dual-modified phages targeting E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were constructed, and high specificity was verified via a large excess of other non-target bacteria. Using a 40 mL sample volume, the target bacteria detection limit was approximately 102 cells/mL via flow cytometry measurement in the presence of other non-target bacteria. By combining these three dual-modified phages into a cocktail, simultaneous detection and quantification of three target bacterial pathogens was demonstrated with good linearity. The strategy of constructing dual-modified phage represents a promising tool in the detection of bacterial pathogens. [Display omitted] • Using dual-modified phage, a rapid and sensitive method was developed for the specific detection of bacterial pathogens. • Phages targeting E. coli O157:H7, S. Typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa were constructed and verified with high specificity. • The bright fluorescence of single target bacteria can be readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. • The detection limit of the target bacteria was approximately 102 cells/mL via flow cytometric measurement. • By using phage cocktail, simultaneous detection and linearity quantification of three target bacterial pathogens was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on the impact mechanism of landslides against multiple barriers are commonly based on small-scale and large-scale flume tests in the absence of real-scale landslides. This study established a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model to analyze the landslide and multiple barriers in one numerical framework. Thereafter, a flume test of dry sand impacting dual barriers was simulated, and the impact force was compared to test results for the validation. The Gaoloucun landslide was selected as the studying case and by changing the barrier spacing, barrier height and number of rows, the dual-barrier system and triple-barrier system were designed with totally 12 simulation cases. All these cases were analyzed by the proposed SPH model to obtain the variation of run-out distance and peak impact force. The results show that a large barrier spacing is recommended for the improvement of interception efficiency and increasing the row number of barriers can take effect. Finally, the comparison between simulations and analytical solutions demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed SPH model in the impact analysis of actual landslides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Network analysis was adopted to examine symptoms network for IGD. • The most central IGD symptoms in the network were conflict, withdrawal, and tolerance. • Two communities of symptoms were identified: one for addictive and the other for consequences. • Depression is a pivotal non- IGD symptom among players suffering from IGD. We examined the symptoms network of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). We recruited 793 heavy game players online and 184 of them were diagnosed with IGD. We measured IGD via the 27-item IGD Scale and analyzed symptoms to examine how they interacted with each other to drive the addictive behaviors. Furthermore, we added motives and psychological well-being variables into the network. We found that the most central symptoms were conflict, withdrawal, and tolerance. Overall, two distinct groups of symptoms were discovered: one group for addictive symptoms and the other for psychological consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is important and beneficial for the green development of enterprises. The development of digital technology could improve the asymmetry of information and affect the enterprise's financing modes. Currently, a definitive conclusion about the relationship between the digital transformation and green technology innovation has not reached. Additionally, studies have not yet fully explored the impact pathways of corporate digital transformation on green innovation through corporate financing modes. To fill this void, this study collected data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020. The empirical analysis results showed that digital transformation significantly enhanced enterprises' green innovation abilities. Furthermore, mediating models were utilized to explore how enterprise financing modes mediate the impact of digital transformation on the enterprise green innovation. Results indicated that through internal financing and bank loans as "bridges", digital transformation promoted enterprise green innovation. However, digital transformation did not have a significant impact on enterprise green innovation through venture capital. Moreover, heterogeneity analyses revealed significant differences among different groups of enterprises. This study expands the research field related to digital transformation and enterprise green innovation by providing empirical evidence to uncover the impact of digital transformation on enterprise green innovation. Findings of this study contribute not only to enterprise managerial decision-makers to better leverage digital transformation through corporate financing to accelerate green innovation, but also to government policymakers to design policies to stimulate enterprise green innovation. • Firstly, our paper empirically examines and validates the impact of digital transformation on enterprise green innovation again by using empirical data of biggest development counties, i.e., China. • Secondly, our paper combines enterprise digital transformation, financing modes, and green innovation within the same framework to study the "bridge" role of financing modes between digital transformation and enterprise green innovation. • Thirdly, Thirdly, heterogeneity analyses were carried out, the results of the different enterprises groups are significant different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we aimed to investigate the network structure of COVID-19 symptoms and its related psychiatric symptoms, using a network approach. Specifically, we examined how COVID-19 symptoms relate to psychiatric symptoms and highlighted potential pathways between COVID-19 severity and psychiatric symptoms. With a sample of six hundred seventy-five recovered COVID-19 patients recruited 1 month after hospital discharge, we respectively integrated COVID-19 symptoms with PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms and analyzed the three network structures. In all three networks, COVID-19 severity and ICU admission are not linked directly to COVID-19 symptoms after hospitalization, while COVID-19 severity (but not ICU admission) is linked directly to one or more psychiatric symptoms. Specific pathways between COVID-19 symptoms and psychiatric symptoms were discussed. Finally, we used directed acyclic graph estimation to show potential causal effects between COVID-19 related variables and demographic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for PTSD is an emerging treatment of remarkable promise, but its efficacy and safety are still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of VRET for individuals with PTSD, and to identify the potential moderating variables associated with interventions.Methods: Literature search was conducted via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Science Direct, and EBSCO. We identified 18 studies on PTSD including 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 654 participants) and 5 single-group trials (60 participants).Results: The main effects analysis showed a moderate effect size (g = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.105-0.550, p<0.01) for VRET compared to control conditions on PTSD symptoms. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of VRET were larger when compared to inactive groups (g = 0.567) than active control groups (g = 0.017). This finding was in agreement with depressive symptoms. A dose-response relationship existed with more VRET sessions showing larger effects. There was a long-range effect of VRET on PTSD symptoms indicating a sustained decrease in PTSD symptoms at 3-month follow-up (g = 0.697) and 6-month follow-up (g = 0.848). The single-group trials analysis revealed that the VRET intervention had a significant effect on PTSD.Limitations: Many of the combat-related PTSD subjects resulted in uncertainty regarding meta-analytical estimates and subsequent conclusions.Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that VRET could produce significant PTSD symptoms reduction and supported its application in treating PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heart sound monitor (HSM), a device suitable for home-use, can be used to acquire heart sounds. It enables the telemonitoring of cardiac function, which has been largely evolved and widely used in recent years. Nevertheless, the designers paid little attention to the consistency of information model and data interaction of HSM, thus the data could not be shared and aggregated among healthcare systems. Consequently, the device's development and its application in person-centered telehealth are hindered. Objective: To solve this problem and to build interoperability for HSM, this article proposes a HSM interoperability framework that is constructed by using standardized modeling methods. Methods: The authors collected the common device-output information of HSM involved in telemonitoring, leveraged the standardized interoperability framework defined in ISO/IEEE 11073 Personal Health Device (11073-PHD) standards to model the static data structure and dynamic interaction behaviors of HSM. Results: Via a meta-analysis, the HSM device-output information includes collected data (heart sound measurement), and derived data (e.g., device status). Based on such information, an 11073-PHD-compliant domain information model has been successfully created. This enables the interoperability between HSM and aggregation device, allowing inter-device plug-and-play using the service model and communication model. A prototype of this design has been implemented and validated via Continua Enabling Software Library. Conclusions: The ISO/IEEE 11073-PHD standard framework has the potential to accommodate the HSM, which implicate HSM can be integrated into the interoperable ecosystem to achieve holistic health solution. Findings in this article may be taken as a reference for standard developing organizations to establish a standardized interoperability framework for HSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The gene expression of three TRPMLs is abundant in mouse spleen, lung, and kidney tissues. • Three TRPMLs show different responses to pathogen stimuli in lung tissue and A549 cells. • The responses of three TRPMLs to pathogen stimuli that occur similarly in other tissues. • LPS exhibits a significant effect on three overexpressed TRPMLs in A549 cells. • Both TRPML1- and TRPML3-specific activators show dose-dependent upregulation of inflammatory factors. The transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) subfamily in mammalian has three members, namely TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3, who play key roles in regulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, endosomal pH, membrane trafficking and autophagy. Previous studies had shown that three TRPMLs are closely related to the occurrence of pathogen invasion and immune regulation in some immune tissues or cells, but the relationship between TRPMLs expression and pathogen invasion in lung tissue or cell remains elusive. Here, we investigated the expression distribution of three TRPML channels in mouse different tissues by qRT-PCR, and then found that all three TRPMLs were highly expressed in the mouse lung tissue, as well as mouse spleen and kidney tissues. The expression of TRPML1 or TRPML3 in all three mouse tissues had a significant down-regulation after the treatment of Salmonella or LPS, but TRPML2 expression showed a remarkable increase. Consistently, TRPML1 or TRPML3 but not TRPML2 in A549 cells also displayed a decreased expression induced by LPS stimulation, which shared a similar regulation pattern in the mouse lung tissue. Furthermore, the treatment of the TRPML1 or TRPML3 specific activator induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, suggesting that TRPML1 and TRPML3 are likely to play an important role in immune and inflammatory regulation. Together, our study identified the gene expression of TRPMLs induced by pathogen stimulation in vivo and in vitro , which may provide novel targets for innate immunity or pathogen regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is essential for understanding cellular signal transduction pathways. However, quantitative measurement of the binding strength remains challenging. Building upon the classical bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid (BACTH) system, we previously demonstrated that the relative reporter protein expression (RRPE), defined as the level of reporter expression normalized to that of the interacting protein, is an intrinsic characteristic associated with the binding strength between the two interacting proteins. In this study, we inserted fluorescent protein tdTomato in the chromosome as the reporter protein by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and employed a 12-amino acid tetracysteine (TC) to tag one of the interacting proteins, which can be further labeled by a membrane-permeable biarsenical dye. The combined use of tdTomato and TC-tag offers rapid and high-throughput analysis of the expression levels of both the reporter protein and one of the interacting proteins at the single-cell level by multicolor flow cytometry, which simplifies the quantitative measurement of PPI. The use of the as-developed RRPE-tdTomato-TC-BACTH approach was demonstrated in three demanding applications. First, binding affinities could be correctly ranked for discriminating interaction strengths with a tenfold difference or of the same order of magnitude. We demonstrate that the method is sensitive enough to discriminate affinities with a small difference of 1.4-fold. Moreover, residues involved in PPI can be easily mapped and ranked. Lastly, protein interaction inhibitors can be rapidly screened. [Display omitted] • Rapid and sensitive quantification approach developed for protein-protein interaction based on BACTH system. • Simultaneously read-out of reporter and interacting protein signal at the single-cell level for RRPE measurement. • Sensitive to discriminate affinity difference as small as 1.4-fold. • Provides fast screening and ranking of key residues for PPIs. • Validated for the usage of protein interaction inhibitor identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]