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Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition to progressively become fatal and generally refers to the presence of cancerous cells that can spread, invade, and destroy tissues. In the United States, a new cancer diagnosis is given every 30 s, and the rates of diagnosis are not indicating any slowdown. The number of cancer cases is projected to increase by 35% over the next decade. Increasing cancer cases have attracted researchers to find new approaches for their identification and characterization. Skin diseases are a significant healthcare burden, affecting millions of people globally. The early detection and diagnosis of skin diseases are essential to prevent adverse health consequences, including the development of malignant skin tumors. Dermoscopy-based diagnosis of skin diseases is a time-consuming process, particularly in resource-limited healthcare settings. Recent advancements in computer vision algorithms have led to the development of several smartphone-based applications for early skin disease prognosis. In this paper, we have utilized a set of 16 distinctive convolutional neural network models, based on deep learning, to process over 45,000 high-quality images from the HAM10000 dataset, encompassing seven categories of skin diseases. Our models were able to effectively identify and classify skin diseases using lesion images as input. Dermoscopy-based diagnosis of skin diseases is a time-consuming process, particularly in resource-limited healthcare settings. Our proposed application for early skin disease detection aims to prevent unintended health consequences, which can result in wastage of operating hours, resources, and, in some cases, compromised patient health. We have benchmarked our models against one another to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency, using performance measures such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F-score, and G-Mean. Our results demonstrate that most deployed models achieve an accuracy of up to 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• More accurate and explanatory model is proposed for natural gas storage deliverability. • A hybrid Sparse Autoencoder and Random Forest model shows on average of 5.7% increase in prediction accuracy. • The first use of machine learning and explanatory methods (XAI) in deliverability prediction for natural gas storage. Numerous subsurface factors, including geology and fluid properties, can affect the connectivity of the storage spaces in depleted reservoirs; hence, fluid flow simulations become more complicated, and predicting their deliverability remains challenging. This paper applies Machine Learning (ML) techniques to predict the deliverability of underground natural gas storage (UNGS) in depleted reservoirs. First, three baseline models were developed based on Support Vector Regression (SVR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. To improve the accuracy of the RF model as the best-performing baseline model, a unified framework, referred to as SARF, was developed. SARF combines the capabilities of Sparse Autoencoder (SA) and that of Random Forest (RF). To achieve this, the internal representations of the SA, which constitute extracted features of the input variables, are used in RF to develop the proposed SARF framework. The predictive capabilities of the baseline models and the proposed SARF model were validated using 3744 real-world storage data samples of 52 active storage reservoirs in the United States. The experimental result of this study shows that the proposed SARF model achieved an average 5.7% increase in accuracy on four separate data partitions over the baseline RF model. Furthermore, a set of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods were developed to provide an intuitive explanation of which factors influence the deliverability of reservoir storage. The visualizations developed using the XAI method provide an easy-to-understand interpretation of how the SARF model predicted the deliverability values for separate reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]