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• Antidiabetic intoxications can be fatal. • Hair analysis is important to analyze the historical consumption of antidiabetics in cas of factitious hypoglycaemias. • A method for identifying and quantifying antidiabetic agents in hair is needed. • In the method developed by the authors, it is possible to simultaneously identify and quantify 13 different antidiabetics. Oral antidiabetics are the drugs used to control blood sugar in diabetic subjects. The greatest risk of using these drugs is hypoglycaemia, which can be fatal if managed inappropriately. The diagnosis of hypoglycemia may be simple in diabetic subjects but can become a challenge in subjects with no history of exposure to these drugs. The major interest of testing for these compounds in hair is in the case of unexpected hypoglycaemias, as it enables discrimination between hypoglycaemias caused by antidiabetics and other reasons (e.g. insulinoma). Therefore it is important for a toxicology laboratory to screen for antidiabetics in hair due to the large window of detection this matrix allows associated to its long stability over time. In this study, a method has been developed and validated using liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 13 oral antidiabetics in hair. After addition of three different internal standards (hydroxy-tolbutamide-d9 for sulfonylureas, repaglinide-ethyl-d5 for glinides and vildagliptin-d3 for gliptins) and incubation in an ultrasonic bath in methanol, the hair was dissolved in NaOH and then subjected to liquid–liquid extraction. The validation procedure demonstrated an acceptable linearity for all compounds between 1 and 50,000 pg/mg. LOD and LOQ were between 0.5 and 5 pg/mg and 1–10 pg/mg respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were below 20 % at two concentrations for all the analytes. The method was successfully applied to the hair of 18 diabetic patients under treatment of oral antidiabetics. The hair tested positive for gliclazide (3–21,400 pg/mg), sitagliptin (1.4–1.8 pg/mg), vildagliptin (3.3 – 1,740 pg/mg) and repaglinide (14.1 pg/mg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Development and validation of a rapid method for SARMs in hair using UHPLC-MS/MS. • Simultaneous analysis of 9 SARMs and 2 metabolic modulators in hair. • First identification of S23 in authentic human hair in a doping case. Selective Androgen Receptors Modulators (SARMs) are a new class of doping drugs that emerged in sport since 2008. Easy access on the Internet also leads to their misuse by amateurs. It seems important for a laboratory of toxicology to develop a targeted screening of SARMs, given their health risks. A method has been developed and validated for the analysis in hair of 9 SARMs (AC262536, ACP-105, andarine, LGD-4033, MK-0773, MK 677, ostarine, RAD 410 and S23) and 2 other metabolic modulators (GW501516, SR9009), using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. After addition of bicalutamide-D 4 used as internal standard and incubation in phosphate buffer pH = 9.5, 20 mg of hair samples were extracted with liquid/liquid extraction. Linearity was verified for all compounds between 0.5 and 50 and 2000 pg/mg. LOD and LOQ were determined between 0.1–20 and 0.5–50 pg/mg respectively, according to the various analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision (CV < 20%), matrix effects and recovery were evaluated for all compounds with CVs < 20%. The application and the interest of SARMs screening was demonstrated in a doping case. Three SARMs were detected namely andarine (120–1644 pg/mg), ostarine (1–9 pg/mg) and S23 (0.6–16 pg/mg) in 6x1 cm segments of the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]