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What is known and objective: Limited data are available for the comparison between different non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) on clinical outcomes. We aimed to provide evidence of different NOACs for patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception through 22 March 2020 to identify eligible studies in which clinical outcomes (stroke, systemic embolism [SE], bleeding or death events) were directly compared between different NOACs. Results: 29 real‐world studies enrolled more than 700,000 patients were included. Compared with dabigatran, apixaban had higher risk of death (OR 1.07), major bleeding (1.43), GI bleeding (1.64), ischaemic stroke and stroke/SE events (1.10); rivaroxaban had higher risk of death (1.28), major bleeding (1.24), GI bleeding (1.14) and ischaemic stroke (1.08). Compared with rivaroxaban, apixaban had lower risk of death (0.8), major bleeding (0.56) and ischaemic stroke events (0.71). Compared with edoxaban, rivaroxaban had higher risk of major bleeding (2.83), GI bleeding (5.18) and ischaemic stroke (2.28). What is new and conclusion: In view of the global burden of disease and the routine use of NOACs worldwide, the findings have immediate and important implications. Our data suggested that apixaban might be the priority choice in prevention of bleeding and stroke and dabigatran could be the priority choice in prevention of death events. Trial registration: This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA), Meta‐analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019140553). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines that the Healthcare Security Bureau of Fujian province of China released a policy regarding the payment of pharmaceutical services. Topics include considered another exploration of paying for pharmaceutical services after Chongqing's pilot implementation in 2013 and the city of Chongqing once set up a pharmaceutical service fee as a complementary policy to compensate the operational cost of public hospitals after the zero-mark-up policy.