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Deep convolutional neural networks often perform poorly when faced with datasets that suffer from quantity imbalances and classification difficulties. Despite advances in the field, existing two-stage approaches still exhibit dataset bias or domain shift. To counter this, a phased progressive learning schedule has been proposed that gradually shifts the emphasis from representation learning to training the upper classifier. This approach is particularly beneficial for datasets with larger imbalances or fewer samples. Another new method a coupling-regulation-imbalance loss function is proposed, which combines three parts: a correction term, focal loss, and LDAM loss. This loss is effective in addressing quantity imbalances and outliers, while regulating the focus of attention on samples with varying classification difficulties. These approaches have yielded satisfactory results on several benchmark datasets, including Imbalanced CIFAR10, Imbalanced CIFAR100, ImageNet-LT, and iNaturalist 2018, and can be easily generalized to other imbalanced classification models. Deep convolutional neural networks often perform poorly when faced with datasets that suffer from quantity imbalances and classification difficulties. Despite advances in the field, existing two-stage approaches still exhibit dataset bias or domain shift. To counter this, a phased progressive learning schedule has been proposed that gradually shifts the emphasis from representation learning to training the upper classifier. This approach is particularly beneficial for datasets with larger imbalances or fewer samples. Another new method a coupling-regulation-imbalance loss function is proposed, which combines three parts: a correction term, focal loss, and LDAM loss. This loss is effective in addressing quantity imbalances and outliers, while regulating the focus of attention on samples with varying classification difficulties. These approaches have yielded satisfactory results on several benchmark datasets, including Imbalanced CIFAR10, Imbalanced CIFAR100, ImageNet-LT, and iNaturalist 2018, and can be easily generalized to other imbalanced classification models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm labor, a condition associated with various risk factors such as a history of prior preterm birth (PTB) and multiple pregnancies, has recently seen an increasing focus on its potential link with dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia in expectant mothers and the risks of PTB. We studied 6963 mothers who gave birth at the International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in 2020, among which, 437 women had PTB. We extracted clinical and lipid data from electronic records, using multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to explore the link between lipid concentrations (by quartiles) in pregnancy stages and PTB risk. The PTB rate was 6.3%. Early pregnancy in the PTB group showed elevated ApoA, ApoB, CHOL, LDL, and TG levels compared to controls (all P < 0.05). Late pregnancy showed no notable lipid differences. Multivariable analysis revealed elevated ApoA, TG, higher age, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2, hypertension, assisted reproductive technology and gestational diabetes as PTB risk factors (all P < 0.05). After adjustments, higher ApoA, ApoB, CHOL and TG levels correlated with increased PTB risk. Using the lowest quartile, the adjusted ORs for early pregnancy's highest quartile of ApoA, ApoB, CHOL and TG were 1.348, 1.442, 1.442 and 2.156, respectively. Our findings indicate that dyslipemia in early pregnancy, including elevated levels of ApoA, ApoB, CHOL and TG, are associated with PTB. Managing lipid abnormalities during pregnancy may help reduce the risk of PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, fully transformer-based trackers have achieved impressive tracking results, but this also brings a great deal of computational complexity. Some researchers have applied token pruning techniques to fully transformer-based trackers to diminish the computational complexity, but this leads to missing contextual information that is important for the regression task in the tracker. In response to the above issue, this paper proposes a token fusion method that speeds up inference while avoiding information loss and thus improving the robustness of the tracker. Specifically, the input of the transformer's encoder contains search tokens and exemplar tokens, and the search tokens are divided into tracking object tokens and background tokens according to the similarity between search tokens and exemplar tokens. The tokens with greater similarity to the exemplar tokens are identified as tracking object tokens, and those with smaller similarity to the exemplar tokens are identified as background tokens. The tracking object tokens contain the discriminative features of the tracking object, for the sake of making the tracker pay more attention to the tracking object tokens while reducing the computational effort. All the tracking object tokens are kept, and then, the background tokens are weighted and fused to form new background tokens according to the attention weight of the background tokens to prevent the loss of contextual information. The token fusion method presented in this paper not only provides efficient inference of the tracker but also makes the tracker more robust. Extensive experiments are carried out on popular tracking benchmark datasets to verify the validity of the token fusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanjing Yunjin, a traditional Chinese silk weaving craft, is celebrated globally for its unique local characteristics and exquisite workmanship, forming an integral part of the world's intangible cultural heritage. However, with the advancement of information technology, the experiential knowledge of the Nanjing Yunjin production process is predominantly stored in text format. As a highly specialized and vertical domain, this information is not readily convert into usable data. Previous studies on a knowledge graph-based Nanjing Yunjin Question-Answering System have partially addressed this issue. However, knowledge graphs need to be constantly updated and rely on predefined entities and relationship types. Faced with ambiguous or complex natural language problems, knowledge graph information retrieval faces some challenges. Therefore, this study proposes a Nanjing Yunjin Question-Answering System that integrates Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval Augmented Generation techniques. In this system, the ROBERTA model is first utilized to vectorize Nanjing Yunjin textual information, delving deep into textual semantics to unveil its profound cultural connotations. Additionally, the FAISS vector database is employed for efficient storage and retrieval of Nanjing Yunjin information, achieving a deep semantic match between questions and answers. Ultimately, related retrieval results are fed into the Large Language Model for enhanced generation, aiming for more accurate text generation outcomes and improving the interpretability and logic of the Question-Answering System. This research merges technologies like text embedding, vectorized retrieval, and natural language generation, aiming to overcome the limitations of knowledge graphs-based Question-Answering System in terms of graph updating, dependency on predefined types, and semantic understanding. System implementation and testing have shown that the Nanjing Yunjin Intelligent Question-Answering System, constructed on the basis of Knowledge Graphs and Retrieval Augmented Generation, possesses a broader knowledge base that considers context, resolving issues of polysemy, vague language, and sentence ambiguity, and efficiently and accurately generates answers to natural language queries. This significantly facilitates the retrieval and utilization of Yunjin knowledge, providing a paradigm for constructing Question-Answering System for other intangible cultural heritages, and holds substantial theoretical and practical significance for the deep exploration and discovery of the knowledge structure of human intangible heritage, promoting cultural inheritance and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the preparation of robust and transparent poly(butenyl sorbate) (PBS) membranes (PBS-R) was studied in terms of their CO2/CH4 separation performance. The organocatalytic group transfer polymerization of butenyl sorbate was used for the synthesis of PBS with a designed molecular weight and a moderate molecular weight distribution. For the first time, facile fabrication of PBS-R was achieved through thiol-ene addition between the butenyl groups of PBS and dithiols under 365-nm ultraviolet irradiation. The mechanical properties and CO2/CH4 separation performance of the PBS-R membranes were controlled by introducing an amino-triazole functional group and regulating the length and bulkiness of the dithiol spacers during thiol-ene addition. The amino and triazole groups of the PBS-R membrane showed high affinity to CO2, thereby increasing the CO2/CH4 permselectivity from 9.18 to 10.8 and the CO2 permeability from 127 to 142 barrer. The effect of tensile strength on CO2 permeability was evaluated by preparing PBS-R membranes using dithiols with two rigid benzene rings as spacers and flexible spacers. In addition, the effect of the spacer structure on the permselectivity of PBS-R was investigated using 1,4-butanedithiol, 2,2′-oxydiethanethiol, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1,4-benzenedithiol, and 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving three-dimensional (3D) localization precision is of paramount importance for super-resolution imaging. By properly engineering the point spread function (PSF), such as utilizing Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes and their superposition, the ultimate limits of 3D localization precision can be enhanced. However, achieving these limits is challenging, as it often involves complicated detection strategies and practical limitations. In this work, we rigorously derive the ultimate 3D localization limits of LG modes and their superposition, specifically rotation modes, in the multi-parameter estimation framework. Our findings reveal that a significant portion of the information required for achieving 3D super-localization of LG modes can be obtained through feasible intensity detection. Moreover, the 3D ultimate precision can be achieved when the azimuthal index l is zero. To provide a proof-of-principle demonstration, we develop an iterative maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm that converges to the 3D position of a point source, considering the pixelation and detector noise. The experimental implementation exhibits an improvement of up to two-fold in lateral localization precision and up to twenty-fold in axial localization precision when using LG modes compared to Gaussian mode. We also showcase the superior axial localization capability of the rotation mode within the near-focus region, effectively overcoming the limitations encountered by single LG modes. Notably, in the presence of realistic aberration, the algorithm robustly achieves the Cramér-Rao lower bound. Our findings provide valuable insights for evaluating and optimizing the achievable 3D localization precision, which will facilitate the advancements in super-resolution microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanjing Yunjin, one of China's traditional silk weaving techniques, is renowned for its unique local characteristics and exquisite craftsmanship, and was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009. However, with rapid development in weaving technology, ever-changing market demands, and shifting public aesthetics, Nanjing Yunjin, as an intangible cultural heritage, faces the challenge of survival and inheritance. Addressing this issue requires efficient storage, management, and utilization of Yunjin knowledge to enhance public understanding and recognition of Yunjin culture. In this study, we have constructed an intelligent question-answering system for Nanjing Yunjin digital resources based on knowledge graph, utilizing the Neo4j graph database for efficient organization, storage, and protection of Nanjing Yunjin knowledge, thereby revealing its profound cultural connotations. Furthermore, we adopted deep learning algorithms for natural language parsing. Specifically, we adopted BERT-based intent recognition technology to categorize user queries by intent, and we employed the BERT + BiGRU + CRF model for entity recognition. By comparing with BERT + BILSTM + CRF, BERT + CRF and BILSTM + CRF models, our model demonstrated superior performance in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score, substantiating the superiority and effectiveness of this model. Finally, based on the parsed results of the question, we constructed knowledge graph query statements, executed by the Cypher language, and the processed query results were fed back to the users in natural language. Through system implementation and testing, multiple indices including system response time, stability, load condition, accuracy, and scalability were evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the Nanjing Yunjin intelligent question-answering system, built on the knowledge graph, is able to efficiently and accurately generate answers to user's natural language queries, greatly facilitating the retrieval and utilization of Yunjin knowledge. This not only reinforces the transmission, promotion, and application of Yunjin culture but also provides a paradigm for constructing other intangible cultural heritage question-answering systems based on knowledge graphs. This has substantial theoretical and practical significance for deeply exploring and uncovering the knowledge structure of human intangible heritage, promoting cultural inheritance and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanjing Yunjin, one of China's traditional silk weaving techniques, is renowned for its unique local characteristics and exquisite craftsmanship, and was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2009. However, with rapid development in weaving technology, ever-changing market demands, and shifting public aesthetics, Nanjing Yunjin, as an intangible cultural heritage, faces the challenge of survival and inheritance. Addressing this issue requires efficient storage, management, and utilization of Yunjin knowledge to enhance public understanding and recognition of Yunjin culture. In this study, we have constructed an intelligent question-answering system for Nanjing Yunjin digital resources based on knowledge graph, utilizing the Neo4j graph database for efficient organization, storage, and protection of Nanjing Yunjin knowledge, thereby revealing its profound cultural connotations. Furthermore, we adopted deep learning algorithms for natural language parsing. Specifically, we adopted BERT-based intent recognition technology to categorize user queries by intent, and we employed the BERT + BiGRU + CRF model for entity recognition. By comparing with BERT + BILSTM + CRF, BERT + CRF and BILSTM + CRF models, our model demonstrated superior performance in terms of precision, recall, and F1 score, substantiating the superiority and effectiveness of this model. Finally, based on the parsed results of the question, we constructed knowledge graph query statements, executed by the Cypher language, and the processed query results were fed back to the users in natural language. Through system implementation and testing, multiple indices including system response time, stability, load condition, accuracy, and scalability were evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the Nanjing Yunjin intelligent question-answering system, built on the knowledge graph, is able to efficiently and accurately generate answers to user's natural language queries, greatly facilitating the retrieval and utilization of Yunjin knowledge. This not only reinforces the transmission, promotion, and application of Yunjin culture but also provides a paradigm for constructing other intangible cultural heritage question-answering systems based on knowledge graphs. This has substantial theoretical and practical significance for deeply exploring and uncovering the knowledge structure of human intangible heritage, promoting cultural inheritance and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the role and mechanism of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: OA hulth model of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and 20 ng/ml TNF-α treated chondrocytes were used as models of OA in vivo and in vitro, respectively. hAD-MSCs were administrated in the articular cavity by injection in vivo and co-cultured with chondrocytes using transwell in vitro. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin-O/Fast green staining were performed to detect tissue destruction and histopathology. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the ultrastructure of chondrocytes. The pyroptosis signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and Western blot. And small interference technology was used to study the mechanism in depth. Results: hAD-MSCs could delay the development of rat OA, improve the pathological changes of joints, inhibit the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1, GSDMD and TNFR1. In vitro, the expression of pyroptosis signal proteins in chondrocytes was significantly elevated when stimulated with TNF-α, the level of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-18 was increased, and the cell morphology was significantly destroyed. While co-cultured with hAD-MSCs, these syndromes were reversed. Knockout of TNFR1 also returned the upregulation of pyroptosis signals which caused by TNF-α. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that hAD-MSCs could inhibit pyroptosis signaling pathway of chondrocytes induced by TNF-α, which have raised our understanding of the role of hAD-MSCs as promising therapy for the management of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the development and progression of lacquer cracks/patchy atrophies (LCs/PAs) in high myopia. Methods: The case control study included highly myopic eyes (refractive error ≤ − 6.0 diopters), examined in the population-based Beijing Eye Study 2001/2011. Using fundus photographs taken in 2001 and 2011 and optical coherence tomographic images obtained in 2011, we assessed the incidence and enlargement of pre-existing LC/PAs. Results: The study included 89 highly myopic eyes (age: 65.0 ± 9.4 years). Newly developed or enlarged LC/PAs were detected in 17 (19.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0, 27.0) eyes, with a new LC development without previous LCs, enlargement of a pre-existing LC, LC enlargement to a PA, development of a new PA without any previous LCs, and enlargement of a pre-existing PA detected in 3, 3, 5, 3, and 3 eyes, respectively. In 14 (82.4%; 95%CI: 62.3, 100) of the 17 eyes with LC/PA development or enlargement, the LC/PAs elongated perpendicularly to, and widened in, the direction of gamma zone enlargement. Higher prevalence of LC/PA enlargement was associated (multivariable analysis) with higher myopic maculopathy stage in 2001 (odds ratio (OR): 7.83; 95%CI: 2.65, 23.2; P < 0.001) and higher frequency of parapapillary delta zone enlargement (OR: 32.0; 95%CI: 3.07, 334; P < 0.001). Prevalence of LC/PA enlargement was lower than the prevalence of changes in other myopic maculopathy features (disc-fovea distance elongation: 71%; choroidal vessel shift: 55%; reduction in ophthalmoscopical disc size: 34%; ophthalmoscopic disc size enlargement: 25%). All eyes with LC/PA enlargement showed a pre-existing and enlarging gamma zone. Conclusions: Development and enlargement of LC/PAs were associated with enlargement of parapapillary delta zone and often occurred in association with the direction of gamma zone enlargement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of an environmentally friendly and efficient photocatalyst for water splitting and hydrogen evolution can effectively alleviate the pressure of current energy consumption and environmental pollution. Herein, by using first-principles calculations, the MoSiGeN4/SiC heterojunction was studied as a potential photocatalyst. According to different stacking methods, 12 kinds of configurations of such heterojunction with high symmetry were constructed, among which four kinds show excellent stability and hence were further studied. The results show that such heterojunction is Z-scheme heterojunction, which not only has good light absorption efficiency, but also shows excellent performance of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution. In addition, one of the stable configurations shows better photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance than precious metal catalyst Pt, and the Gibbs free energy is only −0.039 eV. It is expected to prepare a hydrogen evolution catalyst with excellent performance. Further, the possible mechanism responsible for the excellent properties of MoSiGeN4/SiC heterojunction in photocatalysis has been revealed. Our research further enriches the theoretical research genealogy of MA2X4 family materials and guides the direction for further rational design of photocatalysts. Schematic diagrams of all studied configurations, catalytic mechanism and HER performance characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to discuss the association between sleep duration and the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy). This cross-sectional study included 4173 adults (≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006. According to their sleep duration, participants were divided into five subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis models and restrictive cubic spline regressions were used to explore the association between sleep duration and the risk of Hhcy. Compared with the participants who sleep 7 h, sleep deprivation (≤ 5 h) increased the risk of Hhcy, odds ratio (OR) 1.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.68); Excessive sleep (≥ 9 h) also increased the risk of Hhcy, OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.09–3.14) after adjusting for a series of confounding factors in the entire population. The risk of Hhcy was distributed in a U-shape with sleep duration. Similar results were demonstrated in obese populations. The association between sleep duration and the risk of Hhcy is U-shaped. Both sleep deprivation and excessive sleep can increase the risk of Hhcy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Phased progressive learning with coupling-regulation-imbalance loss for imbalanced data classification" published in the journal Neural Computing & Applications. The correction addresses an error in the primary affiliation details for one of the authors, Liang Xu. The correct affiliation should be the School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Purpose: Increased high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were found in patients after acute ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to examine whether the circulating HMGB1 levels could predict the 3-month post-stroke depression (PSD).Methods: The subjects were first-ever ischemic stroke patients who were hospitalized during the period from July 2020 to December 2020. HMGB1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after admission. A 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was performed to evaluate PSD at 3 months after stroke.Results: The analyses included 324 participants (mean age, 63.7 years; 171 male). Ninety-four patients (29.0%) were diagnosed as having PSD at 3 months. The median serum HMGB1 levels at admission was 7.5 ng/mL (IQR, 4.4-11.3 ng/mL). The PSD distribution across the HMGB1 quartiles ranged between 17.5% (first quartile) and 57.5% (fourth quartile). After covariate adjustments, the fourth quartile of HMGB1 was found to be associated with a higher risk of PSD (as compared with first HMGB1 quartile, odd ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-1.35; P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of HMGB1 was 0.726 (95% CI 0.660-0.792) for PSD. Similar results were found when HMGB1 was analyzed as continuous variable. Furthermore, the optimal cutoff point of circulating HMGB1 levels was 8.6 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 69.2% and a specificity of 73.9%.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that higher HMGB1 levels in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were associated with increased risk of PSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that a Single-Atom Electrocatalyst (SAC) for the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR) can provide an environmentally green alternative to the Haber–Bosch high-temperature high-pressure process, replacing the water gas shift production of H2 with H extracted from water. Anchoring the single atom on a two-dimensional substrate provides control to tune NRR catalytic performance toward a SAC possessing high utilization, high activity, and high selectivity. Experimental results suggest that this can significantly improve the activity and selectivity of NRR, but the specific reaction mechanism remains uncertain. This makes it difficult to select new catalytic materials for further optimization. Here we use Density Functional Theory to study the NRR catalytic mechanism on a catalytic model using a MoS2 substrate to support a single atom site. We correct for solvation effects on the electrochemical reactions. We started with Fe@MoS2, for which there are promising experimental reports, and conducted a systematic study of the NRR reaction mechanisms. These results show that N2 adsorption, hydrogenation of N2, desorption of NH3, and Hydrogen Evolution are all critical steps affecting the reaction rates. Based on these steps, we scanned 23 transition metal elements to find improved catalysts. We identified Ir@MoS2 (Mo top site) as the best candidate, predicted to have good catalytic activity and selectivity with 64.11% Faraday Efficiency. These results on the mechanism for NRR and the in silico search for alternative catalysts provide new promising targets for synthesizing novel and efficient SAC@MoS2 NRR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Kagome lattice structure (KLS) produced by 3D printer is used as a turbulator for a typical rectangular internal cooling channel at the trailing edge of turbine blade. The friction factor and bottom wall heat transfer coefficient of the channel filled with low thermal conductivity ABS plastic KLS are experimentally and numerically analyzed by changing the column diameter d/H = 0.1–0.2, the inclination angle α = 45°-60° and included angle β = 120°-150° under the Reynolds number range of 5000–30,000. The fitting correlations of these parameters with the channel friction factors and the average Nusselt number of working surface are obtained. The results show that when Reynolds number increases from 5000 to 30,000, the vortex range behind type II column increases obviously, the local heat transfer effect is obviously improved and the comprehensive impact factor F increases by 180%. When d/H increases from 0.1 to 0.2, the area of stagnation vortex after type I column expands, the heat transfer effect improves significantly, the friction factor increases by 60.9%, the average Nusselt number of channel wall increases by 32.2%, and the F increases by 16%. With the increase of α and β, the heat transfer effect has no obvious change, but the friction factor in the channel is reduced with different degrees. The high heat transfer area is mainly concentrated near the surface of the column. In the obtained fitting correlation, the maximum error of the average Nusselt number is 9.3%, and the maximum error of friction factor is 24%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to obtain the elastic recovery value of the machined surface of the workpiece in the milling process of titanium alloy, because it can cause strong friction between the tool flank and the workpiece surface. A new online measurement system was designed to monitor the elastic recovery behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in dry milling based on the digital image correlation (DIC). DIC measurement principle was intuitively analyzed by means of picture illustration. The orthogonal milling experiments were designed with different cutting parameters and the experiment processes were designed in detail, including the installation of DIC measurement system, the speckle disposal of the measured surface and the field calibration of test instrument. The displacement curve of the target region was analyzed according to the material deformation characteristics of metal materials in the cutting process and thus the calculation method of elastic recovery value of machined surface was obtained. Besides, the optimization method of cutting parameters with the minimum elastic recovery value in titanium alloy milling was also obtained, which can be expanded to the machining measurement of other difficult -to-machine materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rising variety of power devices based on wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductors are employed in products that can service at high temperatures consistently for extending the working life. Traditional tin–lead and lead-free solders are no longer suitable for power device packaging. Recently, nano-Ag pressureless sintering technology has attracted widespread attention for high-temperature application. When commercial Ag powders are applied, satisfactory sintering quality is often not obtained due to unstable product batches, unknown surface cladding, and poor sintering performance. In this work, Ag nanoparticles are surface modified with tert-dodecyl mercaptan (TDM) to prevent agglomeration at room temperature for improving pressureless sintering performance. We systematically introduced the modification process of Ag nanoparticles and Ag paste preparation and sintering process and compared the changes in the sintering performance of modified Ag nanoparticles with different TDM contents. With a minor amount of TDM, 1.5% of the total weight of Ag, the sintering performance of the Ag paste can be effectively improved and the porosity reduced. The highest average shear strength of the bonded joints based on modified Ag nanoparticles is up to 46.82 MPa with only 6.1% porosity by pressureless and low-temperature sinter at 250 °C for 10 min in ambient air, and the sintering morphology is better than the joints without nanoparticle modification. At the same time, increasing the sintering time does not have much effect on the bond strength, which indicated that 10 min already formed a high-quality joint. The analysis reveals that TDM molecules can be absorbed on the surface of Ag nanoparticles by headgroups to form a coating layer. The mechanism of TDM modification to enhance the sintering performance is also proposed, which provides theoretical support for the practical application of the pressureless Ag sintering technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue is a physiological phenomenon experienced by the human body when it undergoes prolonged physical and mental exertion, which can have detrimental effects on both health and work productivity. Previous research has demonstrated that arctigenin (ArcG) has the ability to enhance the physical performance of mice during exercise. In this study, five ArcG derivatives containing different dipeptides coupled via an ethoxy linker were synthesized and tested for their activities to improve exercise performance in mice. All of the derivatives extended the exhaustion distance of mice in the running wheel test. Derivative Z-B-4 exhibited the highest activity, showing that the mice ran a distance 1.3-fold greater than that of the ArcG group and 3.4-fold greater than that of the sport control group. Furthermore, Z-B-4 was found to increase the concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while simultaneously decreasing levels of lactic acid (LA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) during exercise. This study provides new references and promising lead compounds for the development of antifatigue agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), an important annual or biennial root vegetable crop, is widely cultivated in the world for its high nutritive value. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is one of the most effective methods for rapid development of homozygous lines. Due to imperfection of the IMC technology system, it is particularly important to establish an efficient IMC system in radish. In this study, the effects of different factors on radish microspore embryogenesis were investigated with 23 genotypes. Buds with the largest population of late-uninucleate-stage microspores were most suitable for embryogenesis, with a ratio of petal length to anther length (P/A) in buds of about 3/4 ~ 1. Cold pretreatment was found to be genotype specific, and the highest microspore-derived embryoid (MDE) yield occurred for treatment of the heat shock of 48 h. In addition, the supplement of 0.75 g/L activated charcoal (AC) could increase the yield of embryoids. It was found that genotypes, bud size, as well as temperature treatments had significant effects on microspore embryogenesis. Furthermore, somatic embryogenesis–related kinase (SERK) genes were profiled by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which indicated that they are involved in the process of MDE formation and plantlet regeneration. The ploidy of microspore-derived plants was identified by chromosome counting and flow cytometry, and the microspore-derived plants were further proved as homozygous plants through expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSR) and genetic-SSR markers. The results would facilitate generating the large-scale double haploid (DH) from various genotypes, and promoting further highly efficient genetic improvement in radish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The synergistic effects of combining arsenic compounds with imatinib against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have been established using in vitro data. We conducted a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of the arsenic realgar–indigo naturalis formula (RIF) plus imatinib with that of imatinib monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP-CML). Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial, 191 outpatients with newly diagnosed CP-CML were randomly assigned to receive oral RIF plus imatinib (n = 96) or placebo plus imatinib (n = 95). The primary end point was the major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months. Secondary end points include molecular response 4 (MR4), molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events. Results: The median follow-up duration was 51 months. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment to this study had to be terminated early, on May 28, 2020. The rates of MMR had no significant statistical difference between combination and imatinib arms at 6 months and any other time during the trial. MR4 rates were similar in both arms. However, the 12-month cumulative rates of MR4.5 in the combination and imatinib arms were 20.8% and 10.5%, respectively (p = 0.043). In core treatment since the 2-year analysis, the frequency of MR4.5 was 55.6% in the combination arm and 38.6% in the imatinib arm (p = 0.063). PFS and OS were similar at five years. The safety profiles were similar and serious adverse events were uncommon in both groups. Conclusion: The results of imatinib plus RIF as a first-line treatment of CP-CML compared with imatinib might be more effective for achieving a deeper molecular response (Chinadrugtrials number, CTR20170221). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor network (WSN) location is a significant research area. In complex environments like forests, inaccurate signal intensity ranging is a major challenge. To address this issue, this paper presents a reliable WSN distance measurement-positioning algorithm for forest environments. The algorithm divides the positioning area into several sub-regions based on the discrete coefficient of the collected signal strength. Then, using the fitting method based on the signal intensity value of each sub-region, the algorithm derives the reference points of the logarithmic distance path loss model and path loss index. Finally, the algorithm locates target nodes using anchor nodes in different regions. Additionally, to enhance the positioning accuracy, weight values are assigned to the positioning result based on the discrete coefficient of the signal intensity in each sub-region. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WSN algorithm has high precision in forest environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing amino, imino, and hydrazine groups are synthesized by the Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction. Notably, the porosities, thermal stabilities, and morphologies of the CMPs can be controlled by the introduction of functional groups. Here, the relationships between the functional groups and photocatalytic performance are discussed for the first time. The CMP nanowires exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance in organic pollutant degradation: the degradation rate obtained by CMP-I3 bearing naphthalene groups via an imine bond is > 99.99%, and ~ 99.71% of the degradation activity is maintained after five cycles. Notably, the excellent photocatalytic properties of CMP-I3 are imparted by the introduction of the naphthalene groups, which reduced the band gap. The improved charge-transfer activity accounts for the highest and lowest photocurrent intensity and resistance achieved, respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic mechanism of CMPs reveals that the superoxide anion is the main active substance in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prognostic features in advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients who received first-line hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) are unknown. The purpose of our study was to develop an applicable score based on serum inflammatory-tumor biomarkers to predict the survival of advanced pCCA patients who received first-line HAIC. In total, 106 advanced pCCA patients were enrolled as the training cohort. The optimal cutoff values of baseline variables were defined by the receiver operating characteristic method or according to previous publications. According to the results of Cox regression analysis, baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.19, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 10 ng/mL, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 200 U/mL were identified as independent survival predictors, which were used to develop the NLCECA score (NLR, CEA, and CA19-9). When including the NLCECA score in the multivariate analysis, the NLCECA score was the only independent predictor of survival. The risk of survival decreased by 111.9% for each 1-point increase in the NLCECA score. Additionally, the NLCECA score could also predict survival in another 33 patients in the validation cohort (P < 0.001). In summary, the NLCECA score is a potential biomarker system for predicting the survival of advanced pCCA patients who received first-line HAIC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, BiVO4/CuWO4 nanocomposites with S-scheme heterojunction structure were prepared firstly and the properties were analyzed by various techniques. The sonocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of tetracycline (TET). Under the optimum experimental conditions of initial concentration of TET = 25 mg/L, composite ratio of BiVO4 and CuWO4 = 15%, catalyst addition = 1 g/L, ultrasonic time = 120 min, ultrasonic power = 500 W, pH = 7, the experiment results showed that BiVO4/CuWO4 sonocatalyst removed TET by 81.05 ± 2.92%. K2S2O8 was verified to enhance the sonocatalytic performance of BiVO4/CuWO4 efficiently, and the removal ratio of TET could reach 91.25 ± 1.95% within 120 min by using BiVO4/CuWO4 and K2S2O8. The free radical (ROS) quenching experiment and TA-PL technology proved that the main free radical of degradation was ·OH. The potential sonocatalytic mechanism showed that the enhanced catalytic efficiency was due to the construction of S-scheme heterojunctions, which improved electron–hole pair (e−–h+) separation efficiency and rapid kinetics. The speculated TET degradation route of TET included intermediate products was proposed and four reused experiments proved that BiVO4/CuWO4 had good recyclability. In conclusion, the prepared BiVO4/CuWO4 composites with S-type heterojunction mechanism have more possibilities in wastewater treatment, which provides a helpful guide for the synthesis and application of composite sonocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the geometric structures, band structures and transport properties of the armchair silicene nanoribbon with or without vacancy defect and Co/Ni-vacancy complex defects have been investigated by using first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that the atoms near the defect appear the restructuring, and it can be found that the introduced defect can modulate the electronic properties of armchair silicene nanoribbon. The defective sub-bands are good for the electronic transport of armchair silicene nanoribbon with Co-vacancy complex defect but not good for armchair silicene nanoribbon with Ni-vacancy complex defect. Interestingly, the armchair silicene nanoribbon with Co-vacancy complex defect has negative differential conductance, which is in accordance with the total transmission of armchair silicene nanoribbon. It is suggested that the calculated results should be good for designing the electronic device based on armchair silicene nanoribbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The role of villous architecture in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors of colon adenocarcinoma with different types of villous architecture and to establish nomograms for predicting cancer-specific mortality. Methods: This retrospective study included 10,427 patients with colon adenocarcinoma arising in adenomas with villous architectures. The patients were stratified into the tubulovillous adenocarcinoma cohort and villous adenocarcinoma cohort. The prognostic risk factors, which were incorporated into nomograms for survival prediction, were determined by the log-rank test and Cox hazard models. The Harrell's Concordance Index (C-index) and calibration curve were utilized to evaluate the prediction accuracy. Results: The pathological type of villous architecture was independently associated with the mortality of the entire population. Age, race, tumor size, T/N/M stage, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors of mortality in both cohorts. Interestingly, tumor differentiation was a prognostic factor for tubulovillous adenocarcinoma rather than villous adenocarcinoma, while the retrieved lymph node number was a prognostic factor for villous adenocarcinoma rather than tubulovillous adenocarcinoma. Survival analysis showed that the mortality rate of villous adenocarcinoma was higher than that of tubulovillous adenocarcinoma (HR 1.361, P < 0.001). We then established nomograms to predict the mortality of both cohorts and found excellent discrimination and predictive accuracy (C-index 0.842 and 0.821). Conclusion: Villous architecture is a determinant of colon adenocarcinoma outcomes, which might prompt reports of villous architecture in colon adenocarcinoma specimens by pathologists. Our population-based nomograms could be useful for predicting the survival of patients with colon adenocarcinoma and guiding individualized treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the compact and ultra-thin CdS thin films with different spin cycles are deposited on the TiO2 nanorod arrays via spin-coated-assisted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method using Cd(NO3)2 solution in methanol and the Na2S solution in methanol/water (v/v, 95/5), and the Sb2S3 prepared by pyrolysis using SbCl3-thiourea complex solution in DMF. In the Sb2S3-sensitized solar cells, the compact and ultra-thin CdS thin films with suitable band gap and higher electron mobility can suppress the charge recombination, the electrons of the TiO2 conduction band, and the holes of the spiro-OMeTAD valence band, and it can also transport photogenerated electrons rapidly from Sb2S3 to TiO2. The thickness and microstructure of the CdS buffer layers can be adjusted by spin cycles and the influence of the thickness and microstructure of the CdS buffer layers on the photovoltaic property of the corresponding solar cell was systematically investigated. The Sb2S3-sensitized solar cells with 5 layers CdS thin film achieved the best photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.71% along with the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.53 V, short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 18.20 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 58.99%, and the average PCE of 5.59 ± 0.08% with the Voc of 0.53 ± 0.01 V, Jsc of 17.72 ± 0.43 mA cm−2, and FF of 59.05 ± 0.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of industrialization generated an urgent requirement for the catalytic conversion of CO2 into high-value-added chemical products. Herein, a class of novel bifunctional metalloporphyrin-based hyper-crosslinked ionic polymer (ImHCP-Co) was synthesized via one-pot Friedel–Crafts alkylation and quaternization reactions. The obtained bifunctional ImHCP-Co showed a high BET surface area and sufficient CO2 adsorption capacity. Relying on the synergistic effect of the electrophilic and nucleophilic functionalities, the as-prepared ImHCP-Co showed an excellent performance in CO2 cycloaddition using epichlorohydrin as the substrate (99% conversion and 99% selectivity) and can be carried out without any solvents or cocatalysts to afford a high turnover number. Importantly, it could also convert various epoxide substrates into the corresponding cyclic carbonates and can maintain 82.5% of its catalytic ability after 5 cycles. The catalytic mechanism was systematically explained by DFT calculation and proved the cooperative effect of Co2+ centers and nucleophilic Cl− in the catalytic process. This study provides a new avenue for the design and preparation of HCP-based multifunctional catalysts used for the treatment of greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondrial transcription termination factor 3 (MTERF3) negatively regulates mitochondrial DNA transcription. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains elusive. Here, we investigate the expression and function of MTERF3 in HCC. MTERF3 is overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues and higher expression of MTERF3 positively correlates with poor overall survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of MTERF3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, S-G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, resulting in cell proliferation inhibition. In contrast, overexpression of MTERF3 promotes cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by MTERF3 knockdown promotes ROS accumulation, activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway to suppress HCC cell proliferation. In conclusion, ROS accumulation induced by MTERF3 knockdown inhibits HCC cell proliferation via p38 MAPK signaling pathway suggesting a promising target in HCC patients. Targeting mitochondrial transcription termination factor MTERF3 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits the proliferation via activating ROS-dependent p38 MAPK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prunus mume is an important medicinal plant with ornamental and edible value. Its flowers contain phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and other active components, that have important medicinal and edible value, yet their molecular regulatory mechanisms in P. mume remain unclear. In this study, the content of total flavonoid and total phenylpropanoid of P. mume at different developmental periods was measured first, and the results showed that the content of total flavonoid and total phenylpropanoid gradually decreased in three developmental periods. Then, an integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was conducted on three developmental periods of P. mume to investigate the law of synthetic accumulation for P. mume metabolites, and the key enzyme genes for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids were screened out according to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 14,332 DEGs and 38 differentially accumulate metabolites (DAMs) were obtained by transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The key enzyme genes and metabolites in the bud (HL) were significantly different from those in the half-opening (BK) and full-opening (QK) periods. In the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, the ion abundance of chlorogenic acid, naringenin, kaempferol, isoquercitrin, rutin and other metabolites decreased with the development of flowers, while the ion abundance of cinnamic acid increased. Key enzyme genes such as HCT, CCR, COMT, CHS, F3H, and FLS positively regulate the downstream metabolites, while PAL, C4H, and 4CL negatively regulate the downstream metabolites. Moreover, the key genes FLS (CL4312-2, CL4312-3, CL4312-4, CL4312-5, CL4312-6) regulating the synthesis of flavonols are highly expressed in bud samples. The dynamic changes of these metabolites were validated by determining the content of 14 phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in P. mume at different developmental periods, and the transcription expression levels of these genes were validated by real-time PCR. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid accumulation in P. mume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand on the analysis of a nonlinear system under multi-frequency harmonic excitations is commonly encountered in an engineering field, which requires a feasible analysis technique. The existing incremental harmonic balance method, however, shows an apparent deficiency in the calculation efficiency, due to the inappropriate rule of selecting frequency components of solutions. A highly efficient extended incremental harmonic balance extended IHB method is developed to tackle this problem. Firstly, multiple time scales are introduced to express the solutions. Secondly, through detailed examination of the response Fourier spectrum, an auto adapted truncation technique of Fourier series is developed for selection of necessary harmonic terms of solutions. The adopted harmonic terms vary in every round of solution tracing, according to the amplitudes of the harmonic terms of interest. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated through three different examples. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparing the obtained results with that those from the Runge–Kutta method. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of the algorithm of the Pusenjak–Oblak method. It is shown that the proposed method can dramatically reduce the number of harmonic terms, as it only needs a maximum of one-fifth of harmonic terms of the existing method. Such results suggest that the proposed method has a strong advantage in the calculation efficiency for analyzing a nonlinear system under multi-frequency harmonic excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding efficient and environmentally friendly semiconductor photocatalysts can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Based on first-principles calculations, this work focused on the electronic, Bader charge and optical properties of the TMDs/MN heterojunctions. The results showed that the AlN/WS2 and GaN/WS2 heterojunctions are the type-II energy band arrangement, which indicates effective promotion of the separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Meanwhile, the AlN/WSe2, GaN/WSe2, AlN/MoSe2 and GaN/MoSe2 heterojunctions belonged to the type-I energy band arrangement. The Bader charge results showed that the built-in electric field formed by the heterojunction prevents the recombination of charge carriers. These type-I heterojunctions have excellent optical absorption ability and are suitable for optoelectronic components. Surprisingly, we found that the AlN/WSe2, GaN/WSe2, AlN/MoSe2 and GaN/MoSe2 heterojunctions transform type-I heterojunction to type-II heterojunction by applying electric field. This work further provides the theoretical basis for the design of efficient photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant-associated microbiome has an effect on plant growth. Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel is an important Chinese medicinal plant. Currently, there is little understanding of the P. chinensis-associated microbiome and its diversity and composition. Here, the core microbiome associated with the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil compartments of P. chinensis from five geographical locations was analyzed by the metagenomics approach. The alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the microbiome associated with P. chinensis was shaped by the compartment, especially in the bacterial community. The geographical location had little influence on microbial community diversity associated with root and leaf. Hierarchical clustering distinguished the microbial communities of rhizospheric soil based on their geographical location and among the soil properties, pH was showed the more stronger effect on the diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial communities. Proteobacteria was the most dominant bacterial phylum in the root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most dominant fungal phyla in different compartments. Rhizobacter, Anoxybacillus, and IMCC26256 were the most important marker bacterial species for root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil screened by random forest, respectively. The fungal marker species for root, leaf, and rhizospheric soil were not only different across the compartments but also the geographical locations. Functional analysis showed that P. chinensis-associated microbiome had the similar function which had no obvious relationship with geographical location and compartment. The associated microbiome indicated in this study can be used for identifying microorganisms related to the quality and growth of P. chinensis. Key points: • Microbiome associated with P. chinensis was shaped by the compartment • Microbiome composition and abundance associated with rhizospheric soil were affected by the geographical location • Compared with fungi, bacterial associated with P. chinensis composition and diversity were more stable in different geographical locations and compartments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the southwestern region of Sichuan (SW China) has experienced multiphase fluidisation, resulting in an unclear understanding of the reservoir reconstruction effect. In this study, a systematic analysis of the Qi2 member in Wulong Town was carried out by combining field outcrop petrology and geochemistry. The results demonstrated that multiple sets of crystalline dolomite-bioclastic limestone cycles were stacked vertically in the Qi2 member, accompanied by the development of fractures and karst channels. The dolomite was mainly composed of silty-fine dolomite (D1) and recrystallised dolomite (D2). Furthermore, obvious multiphase dolomitic cements (Cd1-Cd2) were present in the fractures and pores. Early karst is known to have lithologic mutation surface development and karst channel development at the top of several secondary cycles. The vadose silt dolomites (Cd1) having karst channels developed dull luminescence under cathode luminescence (CL). Both the geochemical indicators of elements and rare earth element (REE) content indicated dysoxic-oxic environmental conditions. The hydrothermal solution displayed tectonic carniole characteristics in the strata burial stage. Fractures and pores were filled with hydrothermal minerals such as coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites (Cd2, with some caused by recrystallisation of the Cd1 hydrothermal solution) and fluorites. Coarse dolomites-saddle dolomites developed dull-red luminescence with a bright-red rim under CL and their δ18OVPDB values were more negative than those of middle Permian limestone samples. Both the geochemical indicators of elements and REE content indicated the suboxic-anoxic environmental conditions. Karstification had minor constructive impact on the reservoir of the Qi2 member in Baoxing in southwestern Sichuan. Most products of karstification were distributed as fillings in channels. Aside from creating certain networked fractures, the hydrothermal solution was mainly filled with hydrothermal minerals along the fractures, pores and early karst channels. Karst and the hydrothermal solution mainly damaged the middle and upper parts of the middle Permian Qixia Formation in Southwest Sichuan. The impact of episodic fluid on the restoration of the carbonate reservoir was mainly restricted by channels for fluid migration and thickness differences among the reservoir. However, certain thick-layered and massive crystalline dolomite may hold promise for exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Cd(II) complexes, [Cd(CMOPAA)(Phen)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cd(CMOPAA)(Bipy)]n (2), (H2CMOPAA = 4-carboxymethoxy-3-phenylacrylic acid, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine = Bipy) were synthesized with 4-carboxymethoxy-3-phenylacrylic acid ligands by solvothermal condition and structurally characterized by element analysis, IR, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystalizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 12.4609 (11) Å, b = 18.7973 (16) Å, c = 13.4544 (12) Å, β = 99.732 (1)°, V = 3106.1 (5) Å3. The asymmetric unit of complex 1 consists of one Cd(II) ion, one CMOPAA2− ligand, one Phen ligand and one H2O. Cd(II) ion is an eight-coordinated distorted dodecahedron geometry. Each CMOPAA2− ligand coordinates with two adjacent Cd(II) ions to form a one-dimensional chain. Complex 2 crystalizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a = 9.407 (3) Å, b = 9.838 (3) Å, c = 11.792 (4) Å, α = 83.974 (4)°, β = 78.392 (3)°, γ = 67.019 (3)°, V = 983.7 (5) Å3. The asymmetric unit of complex 2 consists of one Cd(II) ion, one CMOPAA2− ligand and one Bipy ligand. Cd(II) ion is a seven-coordinated twisted single-cap triangular prism configuration. The hexadentate bridging CMOPAA2− ligands coordinates with four adjacent Cd(II) ions to form a one-dimensional chain. The tetradentate bridging CMOPAA2− ligands link the neighboring one-dimensional chains to form a novel two-dimensional network structure. Two Cd(II) complexes, [Cd(CMOPAA)(Phen)(H2O)]n (1) and [Cd(CMOPAA)(Bipy)]n (2), (H2CMOPAA = 4-carboxymethoxy-3-phenylacrylic acid, Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridine = Bipy) were synthesized with 4-carboxymethoxy-3-phenylacrylic acid ligands and structurally characterized by element analysis, IR, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional chain and complex 2 is a two-dimensional network structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic conjugated microporous polymer-coated sponges (CMP@sponges) were synthesized in one pot by an in situ Sonogashira coupling reaction of silyl and amino group-containing monomers in the presence of melamine sponges. The water contact angles of the superhydrophobic CMP@sponges reached 154.9°. Introducing a small number of amino groups enhanced the hydrophobicity and stability of the CMP@sponges. The CMP@sponges exhibited a good absorption capacity for various oils (more than 80 times their own weight) and were stable after 10 cycles. An oil collection device was also designed to perform continuous oil separation from water. Gasoline and diesel can be collected at speeds of 16–18 mL/s with an efficiency of 99%. The superhydrophobic CMP@sponges can not only separate oil/water mixtures but can also be used for separating water-in-oil emulsions with an efficiency of approximately 90%. In addition, the CMP@sponges show excellent flame retardancy, which can reduce the risk of fire and explosion and holds great promise for the treatment of flammable fuels and organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four kinds of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with imine structures were synthesized by a Sonogashira coupling reaction followed by a postreaction between aldehydes and amines. Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were successfully supported on the CMPs to prepare Pd/CMP heterogeneous catalysts and were used to catalyze the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The number of aromatic nuclei and nitrogen atoms in the CMPs highly affects Pd loading. In the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, the Pd/CMP with good Pd NPs dispersibility and appropriate Pd content (Pd/CMP-NA) exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency with 100% conversion and 95.4% yield which can be used for many substrates. The Pd/CMP-NA heterogeneous catalyst was easy to recover and still exhibited good catalytic efficiency after 5 cycles. To further understand the catalytic mechanism of Pd/CMP-NA on the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, we proposed a rational catalytic cycle. This paper provides an idea for the structural design of CMPs used for Suzuki–Miyaura catalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed rail (HSR) has recently expanded its networks globally, but its 350 km/h bridges have not yet been tested for high-level earthquakes. This study tests the typical HSR bridge on a shaking table to assess the seismic performance in high-level earthquakes such as Maximum Considered Earthquake. Based on the model similarity theory, it creates nine round-ended rectangular-shaped cross-section solid RC HSR bridge piers. It employs the orthogonal testing method to conduct experimental design considering four influential factors: aspect ratio, axial load ratio, longitudinal reinforcement rate, and volumetric stirrup ratio. Experimental research was conducted to examine the dynamic response of these piers subjected to varying seismic impacts and design parameters, and the implications of the four factors on the seismic performance of the piers were discussed. After all the earthquake circumstances, the test findings demonstrate that the concrete of the pier specimens has not cracked or spalled much. An earthquake with a peak acceleration of 0.96 g indicates that the pier body of the standard high-speed rail round-end solid pier retains its integrity and stability. The extent of the pier's earthquake damage is not immediately evident. HSR bridges' seismic design may benefit from this research, which examines the impact of dynamic characteristics, including aspect ratio, axial load ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement rate, on HSR bridge piers' seismic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (Cf/SiC composites) are lightweight, high strength, wear-resistant, and heat-resistant, making them widely used in aerospace and other industries. However, machining holes in Cf/SiC composites is a great challenge due to the anisotropy and high hardness of the material. In this paper, a brazed diamond grinding rod was employed to grind 1 mm diameter holes in Cf/SiC composites, and the influence of grinding parameters on grinding force, hole entrance/exit defects, and hole wall quality was investigated. In addition, the material removal mechanism of Cf/SiC composites and the wear mechanism of the diamond grinding rod were explored. The findings showed that the damage at the hole entrance and exit predominantly manifests as tearing and burring. The damage factor at the hole exit is 3.5% larger than that at the hole entrance, and the damage factor at both the hole entrance and exit reduces with the growth of spindle speed and the decrease of feed rate. In addition, the diameter errors of the hole entrances and exits are all less than 10%, and the entrance diameter is 2.9% larger than the exit. The hole wall defects include fiber fracture, silicon carbide matrix peeling, and inherent porosity, with poorer surface quality at fiber orientation angles (FOA) of 90° to 180°. The main wear mechanisms were identified as abrasive wear and the spalling of abrasive grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Joint destruction is a major burden and an unsolved problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We designed an intra-articular mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN) with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects. The nanosystem was synthesized by encapsulating triptolide (TP) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coating it with pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA) and glucosamine (GlcN) grafting on the PDA. The nano-drug delivery system with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects should have good potency against RA.A template method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (MSN). MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was synthesized via MSN loading with TP, coating with PDA and grafting of GlcN on PDA. The drug release behavior was tested. A cellular inflammatory model and a rat RA model were used to evaluate the effects on RA. In vivo imaging and microdialysis (MD) system were used to analyze the sustained release and pharmacokinetics in RA rats.TMSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was stable, had good biocompatibility, and exhibited sustained release of drugs in acidic environments. It had excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It also effectively repaired joint destruction in vivo without causing any tissue toxicity. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics experiments showed that the nanosystem prolonged the residence time, lowered the Cmax value and enhanced the relative bioavailability of TP.These results demonstrated that MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN sustained the release of drugs in inflammatory joints and produced effective anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects on RA. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of RA.Methods: Joint destruction is a major burden and an unsolved problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We designed an intra-articular mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN) with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects. The nanosystem was synthesized by encapsulating triptolide (TP) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coating it with pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA) and glucosamine (GlcN) grafting on the PDA. The nano-drug delivery system with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects should have good potency against RA.A template method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (MSN). MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was synthesized via MSN loading with TP, coating with PDA and grafting of GlcN on PDA. The drug release behavior was tested. A cellular inflammatory model and a rat RA model were used to evaluate the effects on RA. In vivo imaging and microdialysis (MD) system were used to analyze the sustained release and pharmacokinetics in RA rats.TMSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was stable, had good biocompatibility, and exhibited sustained release of drugs in acidic environments. It had excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It also effectively repaired joint destruction in vivo without causing any tissue toxicity. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics experiments showed that the nanosystem prolonged the residence time, lowered the Cmax value and enhanced the relative bioavailability of TP.These results demonstrated that MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN sustained the release of drugs in inflammatory joints and produced effective anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects on RA. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of RA.Results: Joint destruction is a major burden and an unsolved problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We designed an intra-articular mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN) with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects. The nanosystem was synthesized by encapsulating triptolide (TP) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coating it with pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA) and glucosamine (GlcN) grafting on the PDA. The nano-drug delivery system with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects should have good potency against RA.A template method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (MSN). MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was synthesized via MSN loading with TP, coating with PDA and grafting of GlcN on PDA. The drug release behavior was tested. A cellular inflammatory model and a rat RA model were used to evaluate the effects on RA. In vivo imaging and microdialysis (MD) system were used to analyze the sustained release and pharmacokinetics in RA rats.TMSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was stable, had good biocompatibility, and exhibited sustained release of drugs in acidic environments. It had excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It also effectively repaired joint destruction in vivo without causing any tissue toxicity. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics experiments showed that the nanosystem prolonged the residence time, lowered the Cmax value and enhanced the relative bioavailability of TP.These results demonstrated that MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN sustained the release of drugs in inflammatory joints and produced effective anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects on RA. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of RA.Conclusions: Joint destruction is a major burden and an unsolved problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We designed an intra-articular mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN) with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects. The nanosystem was synthesized by encapsulating triptolide (TP) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coating it with pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA) and glucosamine (GlcN) grafting on the PDA. The nano-drug delivery system with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects should have good potency against RA.A template method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (MSN). MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was synthesized via MSN loading with TP, coating with PDA and grafting of GlcN on PDA. The drug release behavior was tested. A cellular inflammatory model and a rat RA model were used to evaluate the effects on RA. In vivo imaging and microdialysis (MD) system were used to analyze the sustained release and pharmacokinetics in RA rats.TMSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was stable, had good biocompatibility, and exhibited sustained release of drugs in acidic environments. It had excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It also effectively repaired joint destruction in vivo without causing any tissue toxicity. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics experiments showed that the nanosystem prolonged the residence time, lowered the Cmax value and enhanced the relative bioavailability of TP.These results demonstrated that MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN sustained the release of drugs in inflammatory joints and produced effective anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects on RA. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of RA.Graphical Abstract: Joint destruction is a major burden and an unsolved problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We designed an intra-articular mesoporous silica nanosystem (MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN) with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects. The nanosystem was synthesized by encapsulating triptolide (TP) in mesoporous silica nanoparticles and coating it with pH-sensitive polydopamine (PDA) and glucosamine (GlcN) grafting on the PDA. The nano-drug delivery system with anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects should have good potency against RA.A template method was used to synthesize mesoporous silica (MSN). MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was synthesized via MSN loading with TP, coating with PDA and grafting of GlcN on PDA. The drug release behavior was tested. A cellular inflammatory model and a rat RA model were used to evaluate the effects on RA. In vivo imaging and microdialysis (MD) system were used to analyze the sustained release and pharmacokinetics in RA rats.TMSN-TP@PDA-GlcN was stable, had good biocompatibility, and exhibited sustained release of drugs in acidic environments. It had excellent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It also effectively repaired joint destruction in vivo without causing any tissue toxicity. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetics experiments showed that the nanosystem prolonged the residence time, lowered the Cmax value and enhanced the relative bioavailability of TP.These results demonstrated that MSN-TP@PDA-GlcN sustained the release of drugs in inflammatory joints and produced effective anti-inflammatory and joint protection effects on RA. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly nano-sized small EV exosomes, are emerging biomarker sources. However, due to heterogeneous populations secreted from diverse cell types, mapping exosome multi-omic molecular information specifically to their pathogenesis origin for cancer biomarker identification is still extraordinarily challenging. Herein, we introduced a novel 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles (NanoPoms) with unique flower pom-poms morphology and photo-click chemistry for specific marker-defined capture and release of intact exosome. This specific exosome isolation approach leads to the expanded identification of targetable cancer biomarkers with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, as demonstrated by multi-omic exosome analysis of bladder cancer patient tissue fluids using the next generation sequencing of somatic DNA mutations, miRNAs, and the global proteome (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD034454). The NanoPoms prepared exosomes also exhibit distinctive in vivo biodistribution patterns, highlighting the highly viable and integral quality. The developed method is simple and straightforward, which is applicable to nearly all types of biological fluids and amenable for enrichment, scale up, and high-throughput exosome isolation. 3D-structured nanographene immunomagnetic particles with flower pompoms morphology and photo-click chemistry are applied for specific marker-defined capture and release of exosomes from several types of biological fluids, identifying targetable cancer biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Watch and wait strategy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who have achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT); present restaging methods do not meet clinical needs. This study aimed to construct a machine learning (ML) model to predict pCR preoperatively. Methods: LARC patients who received NAT were included to generate an extreme gradient boosting-based ML model to predict pCR. The group was divided into a training set and a tuning set at a 7:3 ratio. The SHapley Additive exPlanations value was used to quantify feature importance. The ML model was compared with a nomogram model developed using independent risk factors identified by conventional multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the nomogram model, our ML model improved the area under the receiver operating characteristics from 0.72 to 0.95, sensitivity from 43 to 82.2%, and specificity from 87.1 to 91.6% in the training set, the same trend applied to the tuning set. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), CA199, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and depth of tumor invasion were significant in predicting pCR in both models. Conclusion: Our ML model is a potential alternative to the existing assessment tools to conduct triage treatment for patients and provides reference for clinicians in tailoring individual treatment: the watch and wait strategy is used to avoid surgical trauma in pCR patients, and non-pCR patients receive surgical treatment to avoid missing the optimal operation time window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keymessage: Multi-omics analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome and genome identified major and minor loci and candidate genes for seed coat color and explored the mechanism of flavonoid metabolites biosynthesis in Brassica rapa. Yellow seed trait is considered an agronomically desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality of Brassica crops. Mechanisms of the yellow seed trait are complex and not well understood. In this study, we performed an integrated metabolome, transcriptome and genome-wide association study (GWAS) on different B. rapa varieties to explore the mechanisms underlying the seed coat color formation. A total of 2,499 differentially expressed genes and 116 differential metabolites between yellow and black seeds with strong association with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was identified. In addition, 330 hub genes involved in the seed coat color formation, and the most significantly differential flavonoids biosynthesis were detected based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Metabolite GWAS analysis using the contents of 42 flavonoids in developing seeds of 159 B. rapa lines resulted in the identification of 1,626 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and 37 chromosomal intervals, including one major locus on chromosome A09. A combination of QTNs detection, transcriptome and functional analyses led to the identification of 241 candidate genes that were associated with different flavonoid metabolites. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in B. rapa was assembled based on the identified flavonoid metabolites and candidate genes. Furthermore, BrMYB111 members (BraA09g004490.3C and BraA06g034790.3C) involved in the biosynthesis of taxifolin were functionally analyzed in vitro. Our findings lay a foundation and provide a reference for systematically investigating the mechanism of seed coat color in B. rapa and in the other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on dolomite characteristics and its forming mechanism is of great significance for dolomitization theory and dolomite reservoir exploration. In recent years, the exploration of dolomite reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin has reached a bottleneck state. This study takes the Qixia Formation, Middle Permian in Northwest Sichuan basin as an example, the characteristics, distribution, diagenetic fluid, diagenetic environment of dolomite, and the dolomite formation mechanism were analyzed by means of observation and sampling of outcrops and cores, electronic scanning microscopy (SEM), and measurements of rare-earth elements (REEs), carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, and strontium isotopes. The results show that the dolomite exists in two forms, P-dol (dolomite in the dolomitic part of the mottled dolomitic limestone), and C-dol (crystalline dolomite). Core photos show that C-dol can be divided into two types: dolomite-A (dol-A) and dolomite-B (dol-B). The samples are low ∑REEs + Y, 13C (1.32‰–4.32‰), negative δ18O (− 5.87‰ to − 1.99‰) and δCe, and high in δEu and 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.70724–0.70923). The partition pattern of REEs in the samples shows seawater characteristics of LREE loss, La enrichment, Ce weak loss, and Gd enrichment. These characteristics indicate that the diagenetic fluid of dolomite in the study area was a hybrid of seawater and freshwater and the diagenetic environment was at relatively high temperature. Moreover, after extending the “Mg cage effect” theory proposed by Folk, it is found that Mg2+ removed from sediments that were flushed by fresh water during the syndiagenetic stage facilitate the formation of dolomites. In accordance with the geological setting, a unique dolomitization model of the Middle Permian Qixia formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin was built. The stratum in this model can be divided into four zones from top to bottom: freshwater vadose zone, mixed vadose zone, mixed phreatic zone, and seawater phreatic zone. The mottled dolomitic limestone is developed in the mixed vadose zone and the crystalline dolomite in the mixed phreatic zone. This study provides important evidences for the formation mechanism of dolomite and a reference to the study of ancient dolomite genesis and reservoirs of the Middle Permian Qixia formation in the northwest Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new macrolide, named concanamycin H (1), together with 12 known compounds (2–13), was isolated from the endophytic Streptomyces humidus SCB0232 for the first time. Compounds 1–13 were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds trienomycin A (2) and trienomycin E (3) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Fusarium verticillioides and Phytophthora infestans with IC50 values ranging from 32.64 to 72.35 μg·mL–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the superiority of decubitus and supine radiographs for the reduction of olisthesis instead of the extension radiograph, and the inconsistency of the CT scout view, 3D-reconstruction and MR image in evaluating segmental instability. Methods: A cohort of 154 low-grade lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis patients with the average age of (60.9 ± 8.6) years were enrolled. Slip percentage was measured on the flexion, upright and extension radiographs, the decubitus lateral radiograph, CT scout view, the supine median sagittal 3D-reconstruction and MR image. The translational range of motion was calculated, and segmental instability was defined as translational motion ≥ 8%. Results: The flexion radiograph showed higher slip percentage than upright radiograph (p < 0.001). The slip percentage of the MR image was lower than CT scout view (p = 0.003) and CT sagittal radiograph (p = 0.001) on the basis of statistical differences among three groups (p = 0.002). The slip percentage of the CT scout view, decubitus radiograph, and extension radiograph was statistically different (p = 0.01). The CT scout view and sagittal reconstruction had lower slip percentage than the extension radiograph (p = 0.042; p = 0.003, respectively). Both the flexion-supine and flexion-decubitus modality had larger translational motion than the flexion–extension modality (p = 0.007; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Many modalities and techniques are used to show the vertebral displacement and its possible change and any cane used in the daily practice. In this study, supine and decubitus lateral radiography have larger reduction of olisthesis than the extension radiograph. The flexion radiograph coupled with a supine or decubitus radiograph reveals greater mobility than the flexion–extension modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association of contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) and the overall survival (OS) of biliary tract cancers (BTC) is ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the value of signal enhancement ratio (SER) and its early change in CE-MRI as biomarkers of survival after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in BTC. Results: One hundred and two BTC patients treated via HAIC with 3cir-OFF regimen between January 2011 and June 2020 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were 9.8 months [range 1.5–83.3 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.789–11.811] and 14.2 months (range 1.8–83.3 months, 95% CI: 11.106–17.294), respectively. The cutoff value of SER before HAIC (SER0) was 1.04, and both median PFS and OS in the SER0 ≥ 1.04 group were longer than in the SER0 < 1.04 group (median PFS: 10.5 vs. 8.5 months, p = 0.027; median OS: 23.9 vs. 12.3 months, p < 0.001). The median OS in the ΔSER > 0 group was longer than in the ΔSER < 0 group (17.3 versus 12.8 months, p = 0.029 (ΔSER means the change of SER after two cycles of HAIC). Multivariate analysis showed SER0 (p = 0.029) and HAIC treatment cycle (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of longer survival. Conclusions: SER in CE-MRI before HAIC (SER0) is a potential biomarker for the prediction of survival after HAIC in advanced BTC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]