8 results
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2. Lowering the harm of tourist activities: a systematic literature review on nudges.
- Author
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Souza-Neto, Valério, Marques, Osiris, Mayer, Verônica Feder, and Lohmann, Gui
- Subjects
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TOURISM , *BEHAVIOR modification , *SUSTAINABLE tourism , *TOURISTS , *CONSCIOUSNESS - Abstract
Tourists harm the destination environment in many different ways. Behavioural economics contributes to the formulation of public and private policies to reduce this harm. The nudging agenda is converging with tourism, where managers and policymakers realise that the implementation of nudges leads to lower costs, higher effectiveness of behavioural changes, and decreased harm produced by tourists. However, little effort has been made to comprehend the relationship between nudges and tourism sustainability. To fill this gap, this paper systematises the literature on nudge interventions in tourism and sustainability studies. Our results present the main disciplinary background in these investigations with Anglo-Saxon countries leading research on green nudges. The methodological approach adopted by the nudge studies is limited, and causal evidence is lacking. The thematic analysis categorises the interventions and supports the idea that nudges target both unconscious and conscious behaviours. The preferred interventions are those with a low-cost application, such as bed linen reuse. Social norms are the main trigger for developing hypotheses and designing nudges. Our study also presents the mediators and moderators of pro-environmental behaviours and develops a model to design nudges in the tourism industry. Theoretical, managerial contributions and suggestions for future studies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Leveraging behavioural economics in smart nudge design through data-driven prospect-theoretic modelling and context-aware intelligent reasoning: application to smart tip nudging.
- Author
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Wang, Shu and Jiao, Catherine K.
- Subjects
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ENGINEERING design , *NUDGE theory , *PROSPECT theory , *ESTIMATION theory , *SOCIOTECHNICAL systems - Abstract
Behavioural economics and nudge theory have attracted much attention for engineering design in a broader context of sociotechnical systems, which provides new perspectives for engineering design when systems have interactions with human. This paper deals with service system design with a particular application to smart tip nudging. The conventional tip nudging approach that uses a set of default tip options lacks context-awareness and sometimes suggests inappropriate tip options. To address this problem, and to also increase tip revenues potentially, this paper proposes a smart tip nudging mechanism based on prospect theoretic modelling of customer tipping behaviours. The model proposes to use joint prospect values of both customers and service providers, which mimics the trade-off that customers make between their own economic gains and losses and the service provided by service providers. Meanwhile, this study provides a data-driven approach to parameter estimation of the prospect theory model, and it enables tip nudging to be context-aware for tip option adjustment by using intelligent reasoning techniques. One field experiment is conducted to validate the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Attribute substitution, earlier-generation economic approaches and behavioural economics.
- Author
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Koutsobinas, Theodore
- Subjects
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INSTITUTIONAL economics , *SOCIAL psychology , *HETERODOX economics , *ECONOMIC expectations , *KEYNESIAN economics , *INTUITION - Abstract
The present paper examines attribute substitution in terms of both heuristics and attribution theory in social psychology. Alternative 'old' approaches in psychology were special because they considered choice in terms that were similar to attributional inference in social psychology and anticipated limitations of the static heuristics and biases approach. Attribute substitution plays an important role in reflective reasoning as an independent entity relative to rationality and produces good decisions, even those are sub-optimal and may be influenced by primitive processes such as intuition and habits. The attribute-substitution research enhances our understanding of intense shifts in economic expectations. It makes possible the conceptual incorporation of substantive theoretical constructions, which are inherent in psychological propensities of alternative, and mainly, heterodox approaches in economics such as Post Keynesian, Institutional and Austrian economics. This research agenda paves the way for possible forms of synthesis of those theories with behavioural economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Reconciling the liberal tradition in normative economics with the findings of behavioural economics: on J.S. Mill, libertarian paternalism and Robert Sugden's The Community of Advantage.
- Author
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Qizilbash, Mozaffar
- Subjects
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NORMATIVE economics , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *PATERNALISM , *WELFARE economics , *LIBERTARIANS - Abstract
In The Community of Advantage, Robert Sugden reconstructs and defends an account of the liberal tradition (LT) in normative economics in the light of the findings of Behavioural Economics (BE). In this paper, the LT in neo-classical welfare economics which has roots in J.S. Mill's thought is contrasted with Sugden's account. Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler's Libertarian Paternalism (LP) arguably attempts to reconcile the LT in neo-classical welfare economics with the findings of BE and to provide it with a Millian pedigree. To the extent that it attempts this, LP is unsuccessful. While Sugden abandons core elements of traditional normative economics – notably the 'view from nowhere', welfarism and the preference satisfaction view of welfare – which have a Millian pedigree and advances a contractarian alternative, he successfully reconciles his reconstruction of the LT with the findings of BE and also provides it with a sound Millian pedigree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A response to six comments on The Community of Advantage.
- Author
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Sugden, Robert
- Subjects
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NORMATIVE economics , *AGENT (Philosophy) , *CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
This paper responds to six contributions to a symposium on my 2018 book, The Community of Advantage. I defend that book's claim that most normative behavioural economics implicitly uses a psychologically ungrounded model of an 'inner rational agent'. I also defend the claim that, given the contractarian approach taken in the book, opportunity is normatively prior to welfare and to particular ingredients of well-being, such as health and perceptions of agency. I show how the Strong Interactive Opportunity Criterion proposed in the book can be extended to allow comparisons between the extent of opportunity provided by different economic regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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7. On the possibility of an anti-paternalist behavioural welfare economics.
- Author
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Thoma, Johanna
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WELFARE economics , *ECONOMICS literature , *POSSIBILITY - Abstract
Behavioural economics has taught us that human agents don't always display consistent, context-independent and stable preferences in their choice behaviour. Can we nevertheless do welfare economics in a way that lives up to the anti-paternalist ideal most economists subscribe to? I here discuss Sugden's powerful critique of most previous attempts at doing so, which he dubs the 'New Consensus', as appealing to problematic notions of latent preference and inner rational agency. I elaborate on a fundamental rethinking of the normative foundations of anti-paternalist welfare measurement that often remains implicit in the behavioural welfare economics literature Sugden discusses, but which is required to make these accounts minimally plausible. I argue that, if we go along with this rethinking, Bernheim and Rangel's [(2007). Toward choice-theoretic foundations for behavioural welfare economics. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 97, 464–470. ; (2009). Beyond revealed preference: Choice-theoretic foundations for behavioural welfare economics. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(1), 51–104. ] choice-theoretic framework withstands Sugden's criticism. Sugden's own, more radical proposal is thus under-motivated by his critique of the 'New Consensus'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Space Junk: Behavioural Economics and the Prioritisation of Solutions.
- Author
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Phillips, Peter J and Pohl, Gabriela
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SPACE debris , *SPACE exploration , *OUTER space , *ECONOMIC security - Abstract
The use and exploration of outer space is, according to the Outer Space Treaty (OST), to be carried out for the benefit and interest of all parties. Outer space is critically important to the defence and national security interests of many nations, none more so than the United States. Over time, a significant space junk problem has emerged. There is growing recognition of this problem and reason to believe that it will only get worse if current activities continue. Space junk presents a threat to the national security interests and economic interests of spacefaring nations. Various solutions are being proposed and developed. This paper presents an economic perspective and, in a particular, a behavioural economics perspective, on the space junk and national security problem. As various potential technological solutions emerge, we are interested in the obstacles that may stand in the way of an optimal prioritisation of the alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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