120 results
Search Results
2. Reviewing the limitations of publicly funded adult developmental services in Ontario: exposing ableist assumptions within the administrative process.
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Chawrun, Isabella
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HEALTH services accessibility , *FOCUS groups , *ENDOWMENTS , *GROUP identity , *INDEPENDENT living , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *HEALTH policy , *PARENT attitudes , *STATE governments , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GOVERNMENT aid , *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities , *INTELLECTUAL disabilities , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *ADULT children , *PEOPLE with disabilities , *CAREGIVER attitudes , *RESIDENTIAL care , *ADULTS - Abstract
This paper considers the ways that publicly funded developmental services for adults with developmental disabilities in southern Ontario are limited in how they support clients. This paper is informed by field research conducted in the summer of 2019, which was composed of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a policy review. Informed by parent advocates who are the main caregivers of their adult children labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities, this paper claims that the administrative processes of the Ontario ministry that manages and funds adult disability services relate to broader exclusionary patterns among adults with developmental disabilities. I explore this claim by reviewing how common ableist assumptions of people with developmental disabilities are ingrained in the policies and administrative processes of these services. I contribute to ongoing discussions among Critical Disability Scholars of the ways that disability as a social category can be articulated outside of ableist assumptions. Informed by parent caregiver perspectives, this article outlines how the limitations of provincially funded disability services in Ontario, Canada cause significant challenge in the lives of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. One possible explanation for these limitations is that there is a disconnect between how the provincial government classifies who should receive immediate services and how many services, versus the actual need of those labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The criteria for high supports, such as monthly funding, placement into a living facility, and the provincial assessment for determining a person's 'adaptive functioning' are rooted in problematic assumptions made of people labelled with intellectual and developmental disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Cochlear implants and deafness: a global case study to increase policy awareness and action on an under-resourced health issue.
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Lamb, B., Archbold, S., and Yen Ng, Z.
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COCHLEAR implants , *HEALTH services accessibility , *QUALITATIVE research , *LOBBYING , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *RESEARCH funding , *HEALTH policy , *INTERVIEWING , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *LEADERSHIP , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *PATIENT advocacy , *SEVERITY of illness index , *THEMATIC analysis , *DEAFNESS , *RESEARCH methodology , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *CASE studies ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
There has been a major growth in global health networks in recent decades to address health issues including tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and maternal mortality. Most conditions that incur high costs have provoked networks of advocates working to mitigate the impact, increase investment in research, and establish campaigns. Global health networks often work simultaneously across policy, knowledge creation, and advocacy. Until recently there has been limited activity in global health networks and advocacy addressing hearing loss and deafness which has contributed to its relatively low visibility with policymakers compared to other health conditions. This discussion paper reports on a global consultation that explored the views of advocacy groups and individuals on advocacy for the management of hearing loss, and cochlear implantation (CI). It focussed on stakeholders' views of current advocacy endeavours, opportunities and barriers, and the possible development of a global advocacy network to improve access to cochlear implantation and the supporting services. The subsequent development of a global health network, the Cochlear Implant International Community of Action (CIICA) is discussed and the conditions necessary for the successful development of health networks are explored. This paper will be of interest to those wishing to understand the factors influencing the development of health networks and advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Discussion of federal policies affecting broadband expansion and telehealth in Appalachia.
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Kirkland, Deborah A. and Lindley, Lisa C.
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INTERNET access , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MEDICAL quality control , *HEALTH policy , *NURSING , *TELEMEDICINE , *RURAL health services , *ADVANCED practice registered nurses , *RURAL conditions , *PUBLIC health , *TELENURSING , *QUALITY assurance , *HEALTH equity , *COVID-19 pandemic ,FEDERAL government of the United States - Abstract
There have been 188 rural hospital closures in the United States since 2010 with approximately 20% of these in Appalachia. Telehealth has become a way that nurses can reach rural patients who might not otherwise receive health care. The purpose of this paper is to (1) outline the federal policies enacted during COVID-19 for broadband expansion; and (2) suggest how advanced practice nursing care might be affected by broadband expansion and telehealth in the region. A search of PubMed was conducted in January 2023, using the search words, "policy", "telehealth", "broadband", and "Appalachia". New laws appropriated funds to expand broadband infrastructure that made it possible for telehealth to be used by nurses to deliver health care to rural patients. This discussion paper found that broadband legislation was instrumental in expanding telecommunications and telehealth by NPs. There is a great need for broadband to continue to expand and for trained nurses to provide care via telehealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Precision Medicine for Whom? Public Health Outputs from "Genomics England" and "All of Us" to Make Up for Upstream and Downstream Exclusion.
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Galasso, Ilaria
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HEALTH policy , *EQUALITY , *INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL care , *RIGHT to health , *GENOMICS , *SOCIAL integration - Abstract
This paper problematizes the precision medicine approach embraced by the All of Us Research Program (US) and by Genomics England (UK) in terms of benefits distribution, by arguing that current "diversity and inclusion" efforts do not prevent exclusiveness, unless the framing and scope of the projects are revisited in public health terms. Grounded on document analysis and fieldwork interviews, this paper analyzes efforts to address potential patterns of exclusion upstream (from participating in precision medicine research) and downstream (from benefitting from precision medicine outputs). It argues that efforts for inclusion upstream are not corresponded downstream, and this unbalance jeopardizes the equitable capacities of the projects. It concludes that enhanced focus on socio-environmental determinants of health and aligned public health interventions as precision medicine outputs would be to the benefit of all and especially of those who are most at risk of (upstream as well as downstream) exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Are We Getting Any Closer to Including Men and Boys in Sexual and Reproductive Health? A Multi-Country Policy Analysis on Guidance to Action in East and Southern Africa.
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Aantjes, Carolien J. and Govender, Kaymarlin
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REPRODUCTIVE health , *POLICY analysis , *POLICY discourse , *HEALTH policy , *CHANGE agents - Abstract
AbstractThere has been growing recognition of the need to address the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of men and boys, including a need for more explicit guidance in domestic health policy and plans. This paper reports on a policy analysis, covering five East and Southern African countries, and discusses the extent and ways in which male clinical and non-clinical needs, and their roles in SRH are currently being reflected. It draws attention to the policy discourse, trends, and gaps in including men in the region as clients, partners and change agents to inform a way forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Polarized framing of scientific uncertainty during COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco.
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Zag, Hicham and Mifdal, Mohamed
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COVID-19 pandemic , *PUBLIC opinion , *SOCIAL media , *POLARIZATION (Social sciences) , *HEALTH policy , *CONTENT analysis - Abstract
Examining the representation of COVID-19-related scientific uncertainty in Moroccan media, this paper investigated how legacy and social media’s framing of scientific uncertainty contributed to shaping public opinion regarding public decision-making orientations. For this aim, Al Ouala TV and 2 M TV were selected among traditional media channels for their wide viewership and governmental stance. Additionally, various social media platforms were selected based on their active role in COVID-19 discourse. Using a purposive sampling method, a qualitative analysis was conducted on media coverage of COVID-19, focusing on the framing of uncertainties surrounding virus transmission, face mask usage, and vaccination between March 1, 2020 and July 30, 2022. Drawing on framing theory-based content analysis, the study found that the media framing did not allow for resolving the complexities involved in communicating scientific uncertainty and corresponding public decisions. The active use of social media has actually fostered affective polarization in the related context of fear, worry, and distrust, increasing resistance to public decision-making orientations and negatively impacting perceptions and motivations to respond to COVID-19 measures. Implications for public health communication and policy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. The academic left, human geography, and the rise of authoritarianism during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Simandan, Dragos, Rinner, Claus, and Capurri, Valentina
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COVID-19 pandemic , *HUMAN geography , *GEOGRAPHY , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *HEALTH policy , *CIVIL rights - Abstract
In this paper, we critically analyse the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting not only the breadth of knowledge geographers have already contributed to this assessment, but also the surprisingly limited critique within geography, social sciences and the broadly defined 'Academic Left' of the authoritarian dimension of the public health policies of 2020 onwards. We conclude with a number of research questions for the aftermath of the pandemic, with the hope that they will help spur the growth of a new wave of anti-authoritarian Leftist geographical thinking that reaffirms the centrality of human rights and civil liberties to making the world a better place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Critically explaining British policy responses to novel psychoactive substances using the policy constellations framework.
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Los, Greg
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NONPROFIT organizations , *QUALITATIVE research , *RESEARCH funding , *HEALTH policy , *INVESTIGATIONAL drugs , *INTERVIEWING , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *STAKEHOLDER analysis , *PSYCHIATRIC drugs - Abstract
A growing number of researchers are trying to provide explanations for continuity and change in drug policy in different contexts. Such research predominantly falls in the pluralist realm of public policy where various actors compete to have their policy proposals accepted. Using a critical framework called Policy Constellations (PC), developed by Stevens and Zampini, this paper attempts to explain reactions of the British Government to Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) between 2008 – 2016. Qualitative data comes from in-depth interviews with stakeholders (N = 15), including NGO workers, a former Home Secretary, drugs ministers, governmental advisors, a former senior police officer, former Deputy Drug Coordinator, and a former Advisory Council for the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) member. Two 'constellations' competed in British NPS policy setting. The PC framework illustrates power imbalances between these competing stakeholders. Abstinence orientated actors (the conservative constellation) enjoyed strategic advantages and media power which allowed them to create a favourable policy setting. These advantages were not enjoyed by the liberal constellation who struggled to access the policy setting and influence policy developments. The prohibitive nature of the policy used to counter NPS can be explained with the domination of actors whose values align with the conservative constellation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Trauma-Informed Care in Acute Adult Public Mental Health Settings: A Scoping Study Examining Implementation.
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Graham, BN, Advanced Prac, CMHN, Nicole, Whitaker, BSocWk, MSW, PhD, Louise, Smith, BSocSci PhD, OAM, Gregory, and Hurley, CMHN, PhD, John
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MENTAL health services , *GREY literature , *HEALTH policy , *CINAHL database , *DECISION making , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *EXPERIENCE , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *PROFESSIONS , *MEDLINE , *THEMATIC analysis , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *LITERATURE reviews , *PUBLIC health , *ONLINE information services , *CRITICAL care medicine , *LABOR supply , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
Trauma-informed care (TIC) is not a new concept. Despite TIC being at the forefront of international acute public mental health services policy, and researched since 2006, implementation has been hampered. This paper reports findings from a scoping study examining clinical and lived experience workers experience of TIC in Acute Adult Public Mental Health Services. In this scoping study five databases and grey literature were scanned in 2021 and updated in 2023, to address the question: What is known about TIC concerning the clinical and mental health lived experience workforce in the acute adult public mental health service? Forty-six papers met the inclusion criteria. Analysis revealed commitment in conceptualisation of TIC in mental health policy, requirements for incorporating TIC in acute adult mental health care, and barriers to implementation, including dissonance towards role expectations. The literature calls for investment in implementing TIC, which includes an increased workforce consisting of mental health lived experience workers, clinical staff with TIC knowledge and skills, and specialist TIC experts. Further research is needed to understand more fully the opportunities and barriers to implementing TIC in acute public mental health settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. The Collaborative Service Design Playbook to plan, design, and implement sustainable health services for impact.
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Parkinson, Joy, Clark, Kristen, and McIntosh, Tegan
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HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services administration , *PUBLIC administration , *MARKETING , *PREVENTIVE health services , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *QUALITY of life , *DECISION making , *HEALTH behavior , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *HEALTH planning , *BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
This paper sets out the Collaborative Service Design Playbook, to guide planning, design, and implementation of co-created health services. Successful health service development and implementation is best guided by theoretically informed approaches; however, organisations often lack design and implementation know-how and have difficulty applying it. This study seeks to improve health service design and potential for scale-up by proposing a tool to guide an end-to-end process, drawing together service design, co-design, and implementation science; and exploring the tool's feasibility to establish a sustainable service solution developed with participants and experts that is scalable and sustainable. The Collaborative Service Design Playbook phases include, (1) Define the opportunity and initiatives, (2) Design the concept and prototype, (3) Deliver to scale and evaluate; and (4) Optimise to transform and sustain. This paper has implications for health marketing through providing an end-to-end approach with phased guidance for health service development, implementation, and scale up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Association between meteorological factors and COVID-19: a systematic review.
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Chen, Sujuan, Huang, Lin, Cai, Dongjie, Li, Bixia, and Yang, Jun
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ONLINE information services , *HEALTH policy , *TEMPERATURE , *COVID-19 , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *HUMIDITY , *DISEASES , *ECOLOGY , *PUBLIC health , *RISK assessment , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDLINE , *BAROCLINICITY , *COVID-19 pandemic , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019 has become a serious threat to human health. Whether meteorological conditions could influence the transmission and virulence of COVID-19 remains controversial. In this study, we systematically reviewed the impact of temperature and humidity on the replication, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. We also discussed the main factors underlying the inconsistency across studies. Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were used to identify papers published up to 7 December 2020. We initially identified 3515 papers, and 28 articles met the inclusion criteria after screening. Most studies showed high temperature and high humidity can partly reduce the reproduction, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19. But the rest papers failed to identify a significant association. The discrepant results may be related to the difference in the climate context, study design, exposure assessment, policy intervention, socioeconomic status, and public health service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. More than one crisis: COVID-19 response actors navigating multi-dimensional crises in Flanders, Belgium.
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Kattumana, Tarun, Heyerdahl, Leonardo W., Nguyen, ToTran, Dielen, Stef, Peeters Grietens, Koen, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Giles-Vernick, Tamara, Larson, Heidi J., Vandaele, Nico, Vandermeulen, Corinne, Gryseels, Charlotte, and Van Riet, Carla
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HEALTH policy , *COVID-19 vaccines , *VACCINATION coverage , *PATIENT-centered care , *INTERVIEWING , *EXPERIENCE , *QUALITATIVE research , *VACCINE hesitancy , *COMMUNICATION , *RESEARCH funding , *THEMATIC analysis , *JUDGMENT sampling , *STATISTICAL sampling , *DATA analysis software , *COVID-19 pandemic , *CRISIS intervention (Mental health services) , *TRUST - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted societies globally. Public health institutions were tasked with responding to the pandemic in a dynamic and uncertain context. This paper sheds light on the experiences of COVID-19 response actors as they navigated multi-dimensional crises associated with the pandemic in general and vaccine hesitancy in particular. This research was conducted during the initial phase of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Flanders, Belgium. Participants included informants across all levels of the COVID-19 vaccination strategy including but not limited to those producing scientific knowledge, providing policy input, or implementing public health directives locally. 'Crisis' was identified as a recurring theme in interviews with informants. The paper highlights multi-dimensional crises experienced by informants such as the: (i) crisis of prioritization, (ii) crisis of communication, (iii) crisis of the changing image of science, (iv) crisis of epistemic agency and autonomy, and (v) crisis of trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Reproductive Justice for young Black women aging out of foster care.
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Matsuzaka, Sara, Katz, Colleen C., Jemal, Alexis, Shpiegel, Svetlana, and Feliz, Nathali
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ABORTION laws , *ABORTION in the United States , *WOMEN of color , *SEXISM , *HEALTH services accessibility , *CHILD welfare , *COMMUNITY health services , *SOCIAL justice , *AFRICAN Americans , *INSTITUTIONAL racism , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *STEREOTYPES , *HEALTH policy , *FOSTER home care , *PREGNANT women , *SOCIAL work research , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *PSYCHOLOGY of mothers , *ACADEMIC achievement , *REPRODUCTIVE rights , *HEALTH education , *SOCIAL support , *HEALTH promotion , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *CHILDBIRTH , *ADOLESCENCE , *ADULTS - Abstract
In this paper, we apply the reproductive justice framework to discuss how gendered racism disadvantages pregnant and parenting young Black women aging out of foster care. Specifically, we highlight the reversal of Roe v Wade as reflective of the United States' long legacy of efforts to control Black women's reproduction. We then discuss the structural factors contributing to the reproductive injustices of young Black women aging out of care, including a lack of access to sexual and reproductive health education, barriers to educational attainment, and foster care-based relational and placement deficits. We conclude with research, practice, and policy enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Safety and Injury of US-Certified Organic Crop Producers in the Southwest Region.
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Soto Mas, Francisco, Sebastian, Rachel, Rosero, Daisy, Nervi, Laura, Casanova, Vanessa, and Guldan, Steve
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WORK-related injuries risk factors , *MACHINERY equipment , *RISK assessment , *WORK , *CROSS-sectional method , *PUBLIC health surveillance , *MEDICAL care research , *COMMUNITY support , *RESEARCH funding , *SEX distribution , *HEALTH policy , *CERTIFICATION , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *ACQUISITION of data , *ELECTRONIC health records , *PROTECTIVE clothing , *AGRICULTURAL laborers , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *INDUSTRIAL safety , *AGRICULTURE , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *LABOR supply - Abstract
Literature on occupational risks among organic farmers is scarce. This study explored safety practices and non-fatal injuries among organic producers, and the role of sociodemographic, work, and farm characteristics on safety and injury. Cross sectional survey of certified organic crop producers in the Southwest (SW) region of the United States (US). The Organic Integrity Database was used for recruitment. Data were collected through an electronic and paper survey. Analyses were conducted on 115 cases; response rate was estimated at 25%. A high majority of respondents owned their operation and were younger than 65 years, male, educated beyond high-school, and non-Hispanic whites. Less than half had more than 10 years of experience in organic farming; one-third worked off the farm year-round. Safety practices were very basic despite the widespread use of equipment and machinery, and limited to wearing normal clothing and apparel such hats and glasses. About half of respondents (52.6%) reported non-fatal injuries in the past year; and one-third (32.7%) time lost due to injuries. The overall cumulative incidence rate was estimated at 5.3 injuries per 10 workers within the last year. The injury rate decreased with hours worked. Significant differences were found on gender and education level and safety practices, with female respondents and the more educated being more proactive in practicing safety. Those working less than 40 h/week, in farms smaller than 50 acres, using light machinery or compact utility tractors, and tractors without roll-over protection reported significantly higher injury frequency compared to their counterparts. This study contributes unique data on an essential workforce not captured by current occupational injury and illness surveillance systems. It identifies important personal and contextual factors that may contribute to safety and injury in this population. The findings indicate the need to promote safety and prevent injuries that result in work time lost. This study may also inform future occupational safety and health research and practice, including surveillance, injury prevention programs that target certain workers and production practices, and policies that support and protect the organic farmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. The Bioethics of Environmental Injustice: Ethical, Legal, and Clinical Implications of Unhealthy Environments.
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Ray, Keisha and Cooper, Jane Fallis
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HEALTH policy , *PATIENT advocacy , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *AT-risk people , *ENVIRONMENTAL justice , *HEALTH equity , *BIOETHICS - Abstract
Environmental health remains a niche topic in bioethics, despite being a prominent social determinant of health. In this paper we argue that if bioethicists are to take the project of health justice as a serious one, then we have to address environmental injustices and the threats they pose to our bioethics principles, health equity, and clinical care. To do this, we lay out three arguments supporting prioritizing environmental health in bioethics based on bioethics principles including a commitment to vulnerable populations and justice. We also highlight and advocate for environmental law efforts that align with these priorities, focusing specifically on the need for a right to a healthy environment. Our intention is to draw attention to the legal and ethical concepts that underlie the importance of a healthy environment, and urge bioethicists to prioritize both legal and ethical advocacy against environmental injustices in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Chronic illness in South Asia: rethinking discourses of risk, evidence, and control.
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Ranganathan, Shubha
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CHRONIC disease risk factors , *PREVENTION of chronic diseases , *HEALTH policy , *CHRONIC diseases , *DIET , *DIABETES , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *HEALTH behavior , *MENTAL illness - Abstract
This special issue brings together five original research papers on chronic conditions in South Asian contexts with a view to rethink dominant discourses of risk, evidence and control surrounding the category of chronic conditions. Focusing on the multiple and contradictory (re)definitions of what counts as illness, specifically in the context of the rising burden of chronic illness, the papers in this issue deal with a range of health care practices from individual patients negotiating with 'healthy diet', to policy questions about the etiology of emerging disease burden and appropriateness of pharmaceutical interventions in 'traditional' sites of healing. While some of the chronic illnesses addressed in this special issue have received considerable attention from anthropologists (e.g. mental illness, diabetes), others, like leucorrhea have rarely been studied by anthropologists, despite the growing literature on 'chronic illnesses'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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18. Talking about death and dying: Findings from deliberative discussion groups with members of the public.
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Wilson, Eleanor, Caswell, Glenys, Turner, Nicola, and Pollock, Kristian
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DEATH & psychology , *HEALTH policy , *TERMINAL care , *FOCUS groups , *DISCUSSION , *WILLS , *ASSISTED suicide , *INTERVIEWING , *QUALITATIVE research , *COMPASSION , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *PSYCHOLOGY of the terminally ill , *THEMATIC analysis , *INTERMENT , *ATTITUDES toward death , *PUBLIC opinion ,PLANNING techniques - Abstract
Talking about death and dying is promoted in UK health policy and practice, from a perception that to do so encourages people to plan for their end of life and so increase their likelihood of experiencing a good death. This encouragement occurs alongside a belief that members of the public are reluctant to talk about death, although surveys suggest this is not the case. This paper describes findings from a research study in which people participated in deliberative discussion groups during which they talked about a range of topics related to death, including talking about death, the good death, choice and planning and compassionate communities. Here we report what they had to say in relation to talking about death and dying. We identified three themes: 1. The difference between talking about death as an abstract concept and confronting the certainty of death, 2. how death and dying presents issues for planning and responsibility, and 3. approaches to normalising death within society. For our participants, planning was considered most appropriate in relation to wills and funerals, while dying was considered too unpredictable to be easy to plan for; they had complex ideas about the value of talking about death and dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Muller misled the Pugwash Conference on radiation risks.
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Calabrese, Edward J. and Selby, Paul B.
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RADIOLOGICAL health risk , *HEALTH policy , *CARCINOGENS , *HUMAN genome , *AWARDS , *CONFERENCES & conventions , *RADIATION , *FRAUD in science , *WORLD health , *NUCLEAR energy , *ENVIRONMENTAL health , *DOSE-response relationship (Radiation) , *RISK assessment , *HEALTH , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *RADIATION injuries , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The Pugwash Conferences have been a highly visible attempt to create profoundly important discussions on matters related to global safety and security at the highest levels, starting in 1957 at the height of the Cold War. This paper assesses, for the first time, the formal comments offered at this first Pugwash Conference by the Nobel Prize-winning radiation geneticist, Hermann J. Muller, on the effects of ionizing radiation on the human genome. This analysis shows that the presentation by Muller was highly biased and contained scientific errors and misrepresentations of the scientific record that resulted in seriously misleading the attendees. The presentation of Muller at Pugwash served to promote, on a very visible global scale, continued misrepresentations of the state of the science and had a significant impact on policies and practices internationally and both scientific and personal belief systems concerning the effects of low dose radiation on human health. These misrepresentations would come to affect the adoption and use of nuclear technologies and the science of radiological and chemical carcinogen health risk assessment, ultimately having a profound effect on global environmental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Prevention of alcohol-related suicide: a rapid review.
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Giesbrecht, Norman, Farkouh, Elizabeth K., Pavalaghanthan, Hariesh, and Orpana, Heather
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SUICIDE , *HEALTH policy , *ONLINE information services , *CAUSES of death , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *ALCOHOL-induced disorders , *SUICIDE prevention , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *COMMUNITY-based social services , *RESEARCH funding , *MEDLINE , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Suicide remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 700,000 suicide deaths per year. The World Health Organization identifies reducing alcohol use as one component of comprehensive approaches to suicide prevention. This paper conducted a rapid review of the evidence on alcohol-related suicide prevention interventions. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for articles related to alcohol, suicide, prevention, and policies, published between 1990 and 2020. 5293 articles were identified; after deduplication, 2567 studies were screened at the title and abstract level. 402 articles underwent full-text review. 69 articles were ultimately included and underwent data extraction. Interventions were categorized as policy interventions, community-based interventions, and clinical interventions. While there is evidence that policy interventions targeting alcohol may be associated with lower suicide rates, more evidence using stronger study designs is needed. The evidence for community interventions was mixed and supported the need for further research on these types of interventions. Pharmaceutical and therapy-based clinical interventions also showed some promise, with more research needed. Overall, despite evidence of alcohol's role in suicide attempts and deaths, few interventions have been developed with the purpose of addressing alcohol-related suicide. More research is needed to identify effective interventions to prevent alcohol-related suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Do Residential Long-Term Care Policies Support Family Involvement in Residents' Quality of Life in Four Canadian Provinces?
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Keefe, Janice M., Taylor, Deanne, Irwin, Pamela, Hande, Mary Jean, and Hubley, Emily
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HEALTH policy , *SOCIAL support , *TERMINAL care , *FAMILY roles , *FAMILY-centered care , *FAMILY attitudes , *QUALITY of life , *RESIDENTIAL care , *DECISION making , *FAMILY relations , *LONG-term health care - Abstract
Family members are essential contributors to the quality of life (QoL) of persons living in residential long-term care (RLTC). This paper analyzes how the system enables or inhibits family involvement with residents in RLTC. Our analysis of 21 policies that regulate long-term care in four Canadian Provinces reveal differences in their portrayal of residents' families. Family roles are characterized procedurally (task-oriented) or relationally (interactive). Operational standards linked to licensing of RLTC homes employ more formal terminology, while RLTC program guidelines, use facilitative language to engage families and build relationships. Examples of orientation procedures, care protocols, living at risk, and end-of-life care reveal inter-provincial variations. We argue that there are opportunities to further engage families within the current regulatory framework and improve their continued contributions in the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. What's the problem represented to be? A critical analysis of problem representation in news media and public health communication during a hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego, California, USA.
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Felner, Jennifer K., Stieber, Andrew, McCune, Nichole, Reed, Elizabeth, and Calzo, Jerel P.
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PREVENTION of epidemics , *HEALTH policy , *RESEARCH , *MASS media , *PROBLEM solving , *HEPATITIS A vaccines , *PRACTICAL politics , *PUBLIC health , *SOCIAL stigma , *VACCINATION coverage , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *INFECTION control , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *HEALTH , *INFORMATION resources , *DISCOURSE analysis , *HEPATITIS A , *HOMELESS persons , *HEALTH equity , *HOMELESSNESS , *PUBLIC opinion , *DISEASE risk factors , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Discourse regarding public health problems disproportionately affecting marginalized communities may shape and sustain health inequities. Analyses of news media and public health communications in the wake of infectious disease outbreaks provides opportunities to examine how discourse produces dominant public perceptions about the drivers of health emergencies and who is responsible for protecting community health. Guided by Bacchi's "What is the Problem Represented to Be?" analytic approach, this paper critically examines the discursive construction of problems and solutions in news media (n = 35) and public health communication (n = 18 press releases, n = 1 governmental report) regarding an unprecedented hepatitis A outbreak in San Diego, California, USA (2016–2018) that disproportionately affected people experiencing homelessness. We organize our findings around three elements of problem and solution representation with respect to the outbreak: 1. The inequitable attribution of risk and deservingness; 2. assumptions divorced from socio-structural factors and perspectives of marginalized populations; and 3. political theatre as a means of blame-shifting and (in)action. Overall, our findings suggest that even when structural-level issues were acknowledged within news media and public health communication as undergirding the 'problem' of the hepatitis A outbreak, outbreak discourse focused on individual-level responsibility for both the causes of and solutions to it (e.g. vaccines, criminalization of homelessness), and on shifting blame between government actors. These findings have implications for understanding the role that news media and public health agencies play in shaping public perception of the causes, consequences and solutions to infectious disease outbreaks that disproportionately affect marginalized populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Is There a Gender Gap in Health among Migrants in Russia?
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Pellet, Sandra and de Talancé, Marine
- Subjects
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GENDER inequality , *HEALTH equity , *GENDER differences (Sociology) , *RETURN migrants , *HEALTH policy , *IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
This study investigates whether there is a gender gap in health among migrants. Focusing on migrants from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in Russia, where there are high levels of both immigration and gender inequality, this paper exploits unique data collected by the authors recording detailed information on health and migration trajectories. We find that migrant women are on average in poorer health than migrant men. This gender gap is only partly explained by gender differences in observed socioeconomic, demographic, living and working characteristics and differences in pre-migration health. We show that migrant women's health is more likely than men's to deteriorate during migration. This women's health disadvantage is sensitive to the migration profile, as it only appears after a certain time spent migrating and for migrants with a vulnerable legal status. These results call for targeted public health policies to address this gender health gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Period Poverty in Lebanon: A Call for Action.
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Sacca, Lea, Maroun, Christelle, Khoury, Stephanie, Maroun, Veronica, Khoury, Jason, and Bouery, Priscilla
- Subjects
- *
FEMININE hygiene products , *HEALTH policy , *NONPROFIT organizations , *RECESSIONS , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *WOMEN'S rights , *MENSTRUATION , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *COVID-19 pandemic , *WOMEN'S health , *HEALTH promotion - Abstract
As the country of Lebanon sinks deeper into economic turmoil and healthcare devastation, period poverty has been recorded to reach its all-time high, whereby it was estimated that 66% of adolescent Lebanese girls cannot afford menstrual products to manage their menstrual cycle. The following descriptive paper aims to discuss the overall situation of period poverty in Lebanon, particularly during the economic crisis that hit the country and that coincided with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. It will then highlight nongovernmental organization initiatives and community-based partnerships that have been carried out with the goal of alleviating the significant physical, mental, and socioeconomic impact of period poverty on Lebanese girls and women. Finally, this paper will provide socioeconomic and policy recommendations to accomplish and sustain positive menstruation outcomes in Lebanon. This paper is necessary as it highlights the humanitarian impact of such an important women's rights issue in Lebanon. It helps fill a gap in the literature because limited data are available on the status of period poverty in the country to raise awareness and take action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. 'Small' data, isolated populations, and new categories of rare diseases in Finland and Poland.
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Rajtar, Małgorzata
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases , *PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability , *GENETIC disorders , *HEALTH , *GENETIC techniques , *RARE diseases , *GENEALOGY - Abstract
Health policy and academic discourses on rare diseases and people with rare conditions frequently employ terms such as 'low prevalence' and 'unique' to characterize the smallness of the population under consideration and to justify targeted action toward these patient groups. This paper draws from recent anthropological scholarship on smallness and data, ethnographic research in Finland and Poland, as well as document and media analysis to examine how data is utilized in the context of isolated populations that are considered sites of rare diseases in these two countries. Specifically, this paper juxtaposes the notion of Finnish Disease Heritage (FDH) with that of a 'Kashubian gene' in Poland. The concept of FDH was developed by Finnish researchers in the 1970s; it encompasses almost forty rare hereditary diseases that are significantly more prevalent in Finland than elsewhere globally. On the other hand, the notion of the 'Kashubian gene' was first utilized by the media and some members of the Polish medical community around 2008. Based on 'unstable' data gathered during genetic research, the term referred to the high prevalence of a rare metabolic disorder (Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency) among Kashubians, an ethnic minority that resides in Northern Poland's Pomerania region. Whereas FDH facilitated the production and branding of 'a unique Finnish genetic identity' (Tupasela 2016b, 61), the notion of the 'Kashubian gene' has engendered health policy interventions targeting members of this ethnic minority and has contributed to stigmatizing practices carried out against Kashubians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. Imaginaries of a laparoscope: power, convenience, and sterilization in rural India.
- Author
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Fiks, Eva
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *ETHICS , *TUBAL sterilization , *LAPAROSCOPIC surgery , *ETHNOLOGY research , *FIELDWORK (Educational method) , *HUMAN reproductive technology , *RESEARCH funding , *RURAL population , *CONTROL (Psychology) - Abstract
Laparoscopic tubal ligation is the most prevalent method of contraception amongst India's rural and urban poor. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural Rajasthan in 2012–2013, this paper investigates how rural women's perceptions of a biomedical instrument—the laparoscope—influence their perceptions of sterilization, a procedure often entrenched in coercive, target- and incentive-driven population control programme. By investigating how a laparoscope is entangled in global exchanges, national policies, institutional arrangements, and local moral worlds, this paper demonstrates that while wider biomedical discourses perpetuate the narrative of safety and convenience, people's everyday lives inform their understandings of technology that is widely known but rarely seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. Strategies on personalized medicine and the power of the imagined public.
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Groth Jensen, Lotte, Svendsen, Mette N., and Snell, Karoliina
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- *
INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *HEALTH policy , *MEDICAL care , *MEDICAL technology - Abstract
Personalized medicine has become a central focus of health and innovation policies in many countries. It is a complex policy field which, in the pursuit of both health and wealth, brings together technology, new data use, and medical care. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the notion of personalized medicine has evolved, and what publics are implied in the political mobilization of the concept. We answer these questions based on a document analysis of Danish strategy papers in the period 2014–2021 and expert interviews. We identify different strategy actors driving the process, shifts in topics during the strategy process, as well as different imaginaries of the public. We argue that each group of strategy actors act with a particular public in mind and that these influence how personalized medicine is envisioned. If the relationship between strategy development and the imagined publics remains unknown, it can pose a democratic problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Intersections Between Housing and Health Vulnerabilities: Share Housing in Sydney and the Health Risks of COVID-19.
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Buckle, Caitlin, Gurran, Nicole, Harris, Patrick, Lea, Tess, and Shrivastava, Rashi
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- *
SHARED housing , *COVID-19 pandemic , *HOUSING policy , *COVID-19 , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed complex connections between housing and health vulnerabilities. By investigating the share housing market in Sydney, Australia during the COVID-19 period, this paper examines these connections, highlighting health risks associated with shared facilities, overcrowding, and rental insecurity. Using data from Flatmates.com.au, Australia's dominant share housing platform, the paper analyses advertisements offering or seeking share housing in April and August 2020. The analysis highlights health risks, vulnerabilities and risk management strategies employed by those looking for share accommodation or new household members during the pandemic period as well as wider implications for housing and health policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. (Re)proposing problem-oriented policing as a framework for identifying new and enhanced ways to prevent the abuse of at-risk adults.
- Author
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Moir, Emily and Clare, Joseph
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- *
HEALTH policy , *PROBLEM solving , *MATHEMATICAL models , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *RISK assessment , *ABUSE of older people , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *THEORY , *POLICY sciences - Abstract
It is recognized worldwide that evidence on what effectively prevents abuse of at-risk adults (including older people) is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to make an explicit, contemporary proposal as to why front-line workers and policy-makers interested in preventing the abuse of at-risk adults should adopt an opportunity-focused, problem-oriented policing framework from criminology. This paper will first position the proposal within the current context of responses to the abuse of at-risk adults. Following this, the paper will outline how the problem-oriented policing framework can develop targeted, collaborative, sustainable, and measurable prevention strategies intended to remove the opportunity for specific examples of abuse of at-risk adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Health expenditure in Botswana: A luxury or a necessity?
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Adika, Gameli and Sinha, Narain
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- *
ELASTICITY (Economics) , *LUXURY , *INCOME , *HEALTH policy , *LUXURIES - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between health expenditure and income in Botswana and its implications for health policy. We employed micro-data drawn from the Household Income and Expenditures Surveys, 1993–94 and 2003–04 and macro-data from 1981 to 2016 to estimate the income elasticity of health expenditure. We estimated the arc-elasticity of private health expenditure, and the short-run and long-run income elasticity of public health expenditure, with control for the impact of technology, structural breaks, and the dynamic aspects of health expenditure. The results from the empirical estimations indicate that the demand for healthcare is a necessity in the short run and especially at the household level in Botswana. Furthermore, our results also establish that non-economic factors such as countryspecific epidemiology are critical in explaining income elasticity of health expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Current state and conceptual framework of assistive technology provision in Saudi Arabia.
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Alqahtani, Saleh, Cooper, Rosemarie, and Cooper, Rory A.
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- *
HEALTH policy , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MEDICAL care , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *PATIENT-centered care , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *PHYSICAL activity , *SOCIAL context , *ASSISTIVE technology , *ASSISTIVE technology centers , *QUALITY assurance , *THEORY , *HEALTH care teams , *PEOPLE with disabilities - Abstract
Assistive Technology (AT) devices provide essential means of mobility, employment, communication, social engagement for older adults and people with different disabilities, if prescribed correctly to match users' needs and goals. Regardless of the setting or location, a successful AT service delivery model includes the multidisciplinary collaboration of the people with disabilities and the specialists who have knowledge and expertise in the design and application of AT. In Saudi Arabia, unfortunately, the availability of AT devices is mainly limited to basic mobility and daily living aids such as wheelchairs and seating systems, prosthetics and orthotics, communication devices, low-vision devices, and adapted transportation equipment. The aim of this perspective is to provide clinicians and healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia with a model for the optimisation of the provision of AT devices decision making regarding AT devices for people with disabilities by adhering to a user-centered team approach throughout the service delivery process The policy, human, activity, assistance, technology, and environment (PHAATE) model is used as a conceptual framework and guideline for this paper. The PHAATE components could serve as a guideline for a wide range of stakeholders in Saudi Arabia (e.g., researchers, product developers, practitioners, clinicians, third-party reimbursement entities, consumers, and educators) when developing service delivery systems. Despite the support and funding resources of AT devices by the Saudi government, there is still the needs to increase awareness and knowledge about AT application and services, as well as optimal service delivery models of AT devices. AT service delivery provision models such as PHAATE model may help clinicians and other medical professionals in Saudi Arabia to make informed decisions about the provision of AT device services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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32. Toward better births? Political discourses of maternity care in birth practices in Denmark and France.
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Thualagant, Nicole and Lehn-Christiansen, Sine
- Subjects
- *
MATERNAL health services , *HEALTH policy , *CULTURE , *POLICY analysis , *PRACTICAL politics , *MIDWIFERY , *HUMANISM , *PATIENT-centered care , *COMPARATIVE studies , *VAGINA , *RISK assessment , *QUALITY assurance , *DISCOURSE analysis , *PREGNANCY complications , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *DECISION making , *DELIVERY (Obstetrics) , *PATIENT-professional relations , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Internationally, politicians and practitioners have focused strongly on humanization of births, to enable fewer medicalized birth care procedures. In this paper, we explore policy efforts to support better births in order to comprehend developments in maternity care in Denmark and France, two countries previously identified as having different birth cultures. Our analysis has been fueled by the question of how birth policies have developed in both countries in an era in which medicalization of birth has been problematized internationally. Using discourse analysis, we examine the political constructions of specific problems in central policy documents. The analysis shows which problematizations around maternity care are discursively constructed, what solutions are discursively presented and on what assumptions the problematizations are based. The article supports the conclusion of other scholars that a pervading risk discourse on birth and birthing bodies constitutes how maternity care can be experienced and practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
33. International graduate students and cultural competency in counselling services: directions for health practitioners.
- Author
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Teegen, Bettina C. and Conrad-Popova, Dyanis
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *COUNSELING , *SOCIAL support , *HEALTH services accessibility , *ACCULTURATION , *COMMUNICATIVE competence , *STUDENT assistance programs , *MENTAL health , *MEDICAL care use , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *CULTURAL competence , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges , *FOREIGN students , *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress , *MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
International graduate students deal with an array of stress when arriving in the United States for the purpose of their studies. This stress relates to various difficulties with regards to their acculturation process. In the absence of family and friends, the importance of counselling services on campus is a vital resource for the support of international graduate student. This paper highlights the provisions and importance of culturally competent counselling for international graduate students on US campuses. Key implications are discussed for how university practitioners and administrators might best provide resources and support international graduate students in the future. This could lead to more effective results in the improvement of international students' mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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34. Digitalising analogue policy targets! 'Digital capabilities' of older persons and policy digitalisation of social safety net programs in a developing country context.
- Author
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Onyango, Gedion and Ondiek, Japheth Otieno
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- *
HEALTH policy , *HUMAN research subjects , *DIGITAL technology , *INTERVIEWING , *QUANTITATIVE research , *GOVERNMENT programs , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTERNET access , *SOCIAL security , *INFORMED consent (Medical law) , *SURVEYS , *CONTENT mining , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *GOVERNMENT policy , *COMMUNICATION , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PUBLIC welfare , *BUDGET , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DATA analysis software , *TELEMEDICINE , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *OLD age ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The optimization of the human-centeredness of technological innovations – policy digitalization - has exceedingly proliferated in most policy sectors. Yet, a few studies exist on the implications of digital policy tools in realizing social protection policies for older people, particularly in Africa. This paper discusses this issue. It examines data on the 'digital capabilities' of older persons and how digital technologies impact their usage and access to social safety net programs in Kenya, where digital policy tools like mHealth and e-Payment platforms are used to realize them. The data collection involved interviews with 81 respondents between 65-90 years of age (individuals targeted by social safety net programs and Social Protection officers). Findings show a need for more robust and policy target-sensitive efforts and budget allocation to overcome policy digitalization challenges, especially those arising from structural governance inequalities or older people's capability deficits that underpin digital transformation pathways for different policy targets. Most older people in rural areas have negative attitudes and low user digital capabilities toward digital services. This is partly due to a range of challenges from infrastructural deficiencies, low access to internet resources to inadequate policy communication around digital tools. However, higher digital capabilities of policy targets and positive societal attitudes toward digital platforms could improve effective 'public policy digitalization' with more targeted investments and user-sensitive designs in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Reinventing "Hygiene": The Sanitary Society of Japan and Public Health Reform During the Mid-Meiji Period.
- Author
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Shannon, Kerry
- Subjects
- *
HYGIENE , *HEALTH care reform , *HEALTH policy , *PUBLIC health , *SOCIAL medicine , *HEALTH programs - Abstract
During the last decades of the nineteenth century, public health policy in Japan transformed from a stricter focus on anti-disease measures to a more discursive and long-term strategy, one that attempted to train local and prefectural administrators to implement top-down directives regarding hygiene (eisei 衛生). This paper uses the early speeches and articles published by The Sanitary Society of Japan (Dai Nippon Shiritsu Eiseikai 大日本私立衛生会, lit. "Great Japan Private Hygiene Association"), the nation's largest forum for the discussion and dissemination of knowledge related to hygiene, to analyze how and why this change took place. Founded in 1883 by leading figures in medicine and the medical social sciences, the Society attempted to reformulate popular understandings of hygiene and health after widespread manipulation of the government's early public health programs. I argue that the Society repurposed and reformulated supposedly native Japanese healing practices in order to ground unfamiliar medical concepts, including the term "hygiene" (eisei) itself, within the familiar vocabulary of supposedly shared medical traditions. In recuperating and mobilizing these ideas, the organization broadened the discourse of hygiene while also immuring the concept within a circle of medical elites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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36. Treatment System Adaptations during War: Lessons from Ukrainian Addiction Treatment Providers.
- Author
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Deac, Alexandra A., Zaviryukha, Irina, Rozanova, Julia, Zeziulin, Oleksandr, Kiriazova, Tetiana, Shenoi, Sheela, Peycheva, Anna, Solórzano de Souza, Renata, Skipper, Harry, Abubakar, Asmau A., Gustilo, V. Benjamin, Thornicroft, Graham, Dellamura, Paula, Rich, Katherine M., Earnshaw, Valerie, Bromberg, Daniel J., Mamedova, Elmira, and Yariy, Volodymyr
- Subjects
- *
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment , *PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *LABOR mobility , *HEALTH policy , *WELL-being , *HUMANITARIANISM , *WAR , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *UKRAINIANS , *MENTAL health , *MEDICAL personnel , *PUBLIC health , *EMPLOYEES' workload , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *WAGES , *OCCUPATIONAL adaptation , *RURAL health , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *HIV , *AIDS - Abstract
Background: The war in Ukraine has posed significant challenges to the healthcare system. This paper draws upon expert consultations, held between December 2022 and February 2023, focused on HIV/AIDS, addiction, and mental health service delivery during the first year of this war, and following the Global Mental Health Humanitarian Coalition panel discussion in May 2022. Objectives: This commentary presents the experiences of frontline healthcare workers in Ukraine, challenges, and local adaptations to meet the increased mental health needs of healthcare providers. We aimed to document the adaptations made in the addiction healthcare system and to acknowledge the changes in vulnerabilities and lessons learned. Results: Burnout among healthcare providers delivering addiction, HIV/AIDS and mental health services became more visible after the second half of 2022. Challenges included increased workload, contextual threats, lack of job relocation strategies, and money-follow-the-patient policies. Recommendations: The lessons from the first year of war in Ukraine hold significant generalizability to other contexts. These include enabling bottom-up approaches to tailoring services and allowing healthcare providers to respond to the dynamics of war in an effective and active manner. Other recommendations include departmental-specific resources and strategies, particularly as vulnerable groups and challenges are unstable in humanitarian contexts. Conclusions: Globally and in Ukraine, healthcare workers need more than applause. Along with monetary incentives, other strategies to prevent burnout, ensure sustainable capacity building, job relocation opportunities, and bespoke adaptations are imperative to protect healthcare providers' wellbeing and overall public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Mental Health Policies in Queer Community: Are We Doing Enough?
- Author
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Chhabra, Bhavya and Kapadia, Stuti
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PSYCHOLOGY of LGBTQ+ people , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *SOCIAL stigma , *SOCIAL attitudes , *MENTAL health services , *MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) community accounts for one of the major minority communities globally. Their major concerns entail traumatic experiences and the subsequent loss, which are essentially misconceived or overlooked. They experience persistent barriers for voicing their needs and the struggle amplifies especially in the realm of accessing mental healthcare. This population further strives to be seen and heard which is not very well received by the society. While many countries have progressed in designing favorable policies, there exists a wide gap in identifying the challenges faced by them in accessing the existing mental health services. The present paper focuses on the discrimination faced by the gender minority population caused due to the unfavorable attitudes, and stigma persisting at the interpersonal and community level. The paper further proposes commending suggestions for tailoring the policies created in accordance with the needs and requirements of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Un(ac)countable no-bodies: the politics of ignorance in global health policymaking.
- Author
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Lee, Po-Han
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *SOCIOLOGY , *SOCIAL determinants of health , *PRACTICAL politics , *WORLD health , *HEALTH literacy , *SEXUAL minorities , *HEALTH attitudes , *POLICY sciences , *HEALTH equity , *HEALTH promotion - Abstract
By analysing debates between member states of the World Health Organisation (WHO) over health inequities experienced by sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) from 2013 through to 2015 and 2016, this paper interrogates a WHO decision to 'do nothing', and the relationship between this decision and the production of ignorance and non-knowledge. This paper problematises state representatives' discursive practices regarding the lack of evidence on SGM health inequalities, drawing on the sociology of ignorance. Informed by the sociology of nothing, two analytical categories – non-recognition (omissive) and mis-recognition (commissive) of SGM communities – are proposed to critically understand the production of 'no-bodies' and the tolerance of the lack of evidence. The lack of evidence, rather than prompting WHO action, was used as a rationale for intentionally neglecting the health concerns of particular social groups due to their invisibility in health research. Therefore, the paper argues that the lack of evidence in itself is symptomatic of the existence of SGM health inequities, which require the WHO to take action such as formally expressing concerns about and endorsing research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The work of reform: a critical examination of health policy.
- Author
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Razon, Na'amah and Sideman, Alissa Bernstein
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *CULTURE , *PRACTICAL politics , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *HEALTH care reform , *ETHNOLOGY research , *RESEARCH funding , *HEALTH equity - Abstract
Anthropologists have critically examined a range of reforms from education and land to finance and health. Yet the predominant way of looking at reforms has been through a lens focused on neoliberal governance. For example, prior studies of health reforms focus on insurance, financing, and access to care. Yet, seeing reform in this way fails to attend to other types of cultural work at play when calling a policy or law a reform. In this paper, we draw on ethnographic research on health policy reforms in Israel and Bolivia to examine the concept of reform and the work it does within national movements. We argue that while the language of reform often signals change or novelty, reforms also carry forward historical continuities and reifications of the past. By delving into the past and its relationship with ongoing health reforms, we attend to how reforms can reinforce and maintain health inequities in some cases, while creating a national language for new possibilities in others. Reform, as we will discuss in this paper, is not only about political ideology, neoliberal governance, or on-the-ground policy implementation, but centrally it is about representations of aspirations, and about crafting relationships between past, present, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Experiences of a service user advisor to a post-qualifying social work course: a personal account.
- Author
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Smith, Helen and Parkinson, Clare
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PROFESSIONAL ethics , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *ONLINE education , *WORK , *SOCIAL workers , *MENTAL health , *SOCIAL boundaries , *EXPERIENTIAL learning , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *COMMUNICATION , *SOCIAL work education , *SOCIAL services - Abstract
In this co-produced paper, we write about a collaboration that developed over more than a decade between a service user advisor and a social work educator within a higher education context. Starting with how we came to work together, the paper outlines early apprehensions about service user involvement, both as we experienced them and as expressed by colleagues, students, and managers. The paper discusses such themes as confidentiality, professional boundaries, and power imbalance. As authors w identify principles that have underpinned our relationship as well as obstacles faced and understandings reached. We emphasise possibilities discovered from this project which may have application for other courses and settings for the service user advisor role. As we write, we are confronting a new challenge as one of us continues in the work and one of us retires from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Substance use policy and practice in the COVID-19 pandemic: Learning from early pandemic responses through internationally comparative field data.
- Author
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Aronowitz, Shoshana V., Carroll, Jennifer J., Hansen, Helena, Jauffret-Roustide, Marie, Parker, Caroline Mary, Suhail-Sindhu, Selena, Albizu-Garcia, Carmen, Alegria, Margarita, Arrendondo, Jaimie, Baldacchino, Alexander, Bluthenthal, Ricky, Bourgois, Philippe, Burraway, Joshua, Chen, Jia-shin, Ekhtiari, Hamed, Elkhoy, Hussien, Farhoudian, Ali, Friedman, Joseph, Jordan, Ayana, and Kato, Lindsey
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *FIELD research , *WELL-being , *AFFINITY groups , *DRUG addiction , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *CORRECTIONAL institutions , *RESEARCH methodology , *CONVALESCENCE , *DRUG overdose , *PUBLIC health , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL care , *QUALITATIVE research , *ETHNOLOGY research , *HARM reduction , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *COMMUNITY-based social services , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *INTERNATIONAL agencies , *PUBLIC welfare , *COVID-19 pandemic , *DRUG abusers , *DELPHI method , *SOCIAL case work , *CRIMINAL justice system - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented natural experiment in drug policy, treatment delivery, and harm reduction strategies by exposing wide variation in public health infrastructures and social safety nets around the world. Using qualitative data including ethnographic methods, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with people who use drugs (PWUD) and Delphi-method with experts from field sites spanning 13 different countries, this paper compares national responses to substance use during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Field data was collected by the Substance Use x COVID-19 (SU x COVID) Data Collaborative, an international network of social scientists, public health scientists, and community health practitioners convened to identify and contextualise health service delivery models and social protections that influence the health and wellbeing of PWUD during COVID-19. Findings suggest that countries with stronger social welfare systems pre-COVID introduced durable interventions targeting structural drivers of health. Countries with fragmented social service infrastructures implemented temporary initiatives for PWUD led by non-governmental organisations. The paper summarises the most successful early pandemic responses seen across countries and ends by calling for greater systemic investments in social protections for PWUD, diversion away from criminal-legal systems toward health interventions, and integrated harm reduction, treatment and recovery supports for PWUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Outsourcing sovereignty: global health partnerships and the state in Zambia.
- Author
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Wintrup, James
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *PRIVILEGES & immunities (Law) , *WORLD health , *ETHNOLOGY research , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *RURAL health , *CONTRACTING out - Abstract
Global health organisations are increasingly involved in large-scale health interventions in countries in the Global South, partnering with states to implement programmes to strengthen national health systems and promote Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Drawing on an ethnography of a large-scale global health partnership between the Zambian state and the Clinton Foundation, this paper examines the novel configurations of sovereignty that are created by these large-scale global health partnerships. It shows how officials from the Clinton Foundation came to believe that senior Zambian government actors had granted them the authority to implement the programme outside of the formal channels of the government health system. I conceptualise this as an informal mode of 'outsourcing sovereignty' and show how it led Clinton Foundation employees to behave as de facto state actors in rural Zambia. This paper contributes to the broader critical task of describing and analysing new forms of governmental pluralism in contemporary global health and highlights some of the politically troubling consequences when sovereignty is informally outsourced in this way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Understanding compliance as multi-faceted: values and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria.
- Author
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Spahl, Wanda, Pot, Mirjam, and Paul, Katharina T.
- Subjects
- *
COMPUTER software , *ETHICS , *LEGISLATION , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *RESEARCH methodology , *TELEPHONES , *GROUNDED theory , *PRACTICAL politics , *SOCIAL values , *PUBLIC health , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *INTERVIEWING , *VIDEOCONFERENCING , *QUALITATIVE research , *HEALTH behavior , *GOVERNMENT policy , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *RESEARCH funding , *STAY-at-home orders , *EMPIRICAL research , *VALUES (Ethics) , *DATA analysis software , *SOCIAL skills , *FAMILY relations , *SOCIAL distancing , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SCIENCE , *CONTROL (Psychology) - Abstract
In some countries, far-reaching 'lockdown' measures to contain the spread of coronavirus were implemented early in 2020. In Austria, these early measures were met with a high degree of compliance among the country's population. In this paper, we draw upon qualitative interviews, and ask how people made sense of the restrictions imposed during the first lockdown in April 2020 and what shaped their compliance. Empirical research has so far tried to explain compliance by means of people's disposition and motivations as well as demographic and social characteristics. Instead of focussing on who is compliant, we aim to understand how people practice compliance. We do this by approaching compliance through the concepts of values and practice. First, our findings indicate that people assess whether measures are suitable and legitimate in relation to the values of science, the law, and morality. Second, people assign additional personal value to compliance by stressing its positive implications on their own lives. By adopting a nuanced perspective on compliance as inextricably linked to peoples' values and practices, our paper critically contributes to the political and scholarly discussion of pandemic public health measures. Understanding compliance through the lens of values shows how people make sense of the measures in the context of their everyday lives, helping us to move away from a binary understanding of (non-)compliance that has become morally charged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Biological citizenship through litigation: Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone and the suit to redefine corruption.
- Author
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Boateng, Oheneba Agyenim
- Subjects
- *
EBOLA virus disease prevention , *HEALTH policy , *AUDITING , *LAWYERS , *EBOLA virus disease , *PUBLIC health administration , *HUMAN rights , *PRACTICAL politics , *SOCIAL justice , *MEDICAL care , *FRAUD , *TREATMENT delay (Medicine) , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *NEGLIGENCE , *COURTS , *RESEARCH funding , *LEGAL procedure , *POLICY sciences , *DEATH , *CITIZENSHIP , *SOCIAL responsibility , *FEDERAL government - Abstract
This paper examines how Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone are enacting biological citizenship to effect responsive and accountable engagement with their government. Disaster survivors are often left without avenues to hold policymakers accountable, but, recently, injured or disabled people have taken legal action against their governments over issues such as negligence, delays, damaged property, and death. However, in Sierra Leone, members of the Ebola survivors' association have sued the government at the ECOWAS Community Court of Justice over a less conventional issue: corruption. After audit reports uncovered instances of financial impropriety that compromised the country's response to the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak, two plaintiffs sued the government with the argument that corruption and the failure of the government to hold the culprits accountable constitute abuses of the rights to life and health of those affected by the disaster, and the entire population. Based on this case, the paper argues that the lawsuit is an attempt to redefine corruption as a health hazard and a human rights violation. This challenges authorities to give serious attention to how financial improprieties affect the ability of state agencies to guarantee equitable, dignified healthcare, and to take the post-disaster rehabilitation of survivors as a critical component of reconstruction programmes. Ultimately, the lawsuit might set a precedent for other disaster survivors to demand equitable and dignified access to health and proper rehabilitation. This paper draws on scholarly literature, official documents, and conversations with some of the survivors and their lawyer to make this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The impact of vertical public health initiatives on gendered familial care work: public health and ethical issues.
- Author
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Meghani, Zahra
- Subjects
- *
HEALTH policy , *CAREGIVERS , *PUBLIC health , *MEDICAL care costs , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *POVERTY - Abstract
Rigorous evaluations of the effects of vertical public health enterprises on the health systems of low-income countries usefully identify the public health and ethical costs of those initiatives. They reveal that such narrowly focused public health ventures undermine the efforts of those countries to establish and maintain adequately resourced and well-developed national health systems, including comprehensive primary care programs. This paper argues that the scope of assessments of vertical public health ventures should be broadened to include gender as an additional axis of analysis. When members of socio-economically marginalized populations are sick with conditions that are not covered by fragmented and inadequate public health programs or disease-specific vertical public health schemes, their untreated illnesses add to the gendered familial caregiving responsibilities of the female members of their households. Those women and girls have to perform their 'normal' familial care work, work outside the home for pay, and take care of the unwell family members for whom the household cannot afford treatment. Given that women and girls from low-income households already shoulder a disproportionate amount of care work for their families, their health and life prospects are further affected by the amplification of their caregiving responsibilities. This paper argues that analyses of the impact of vertical public health initiatives should also track this gendered consequence of those enterprises because it is a crucial public health and ethical matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Understanding barriers to mental healthcare access by integrating stigma theory and the theory of planned behavior.
- Author
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Nichols, C. Bailey and Newhill, Christina E.
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MENTAL illness treatment , *PLANNED behavior theory , *CULTURE , *HEALTH policy , *HEALTH services accessibility , *PSYCHOTHERAPY patients , *SOCIAL stigma , *PSYCHOLOGY , *PATIENTS' attitudes , *SOCIAL context , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *MEDICAL care research , *CONCEPTUAL models , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *QUALITY assurance , *MEDICAL practice , *RELIGIOUS institutions , *MENTAL health services , *PSYCHIATRIC treatment , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *MENTAL illness , *MENTAL health counselors - Abstract
The inability to access needed mental healthcare can be a challenge for individuals situated in various social environments and can be understood and predicted via multiple theoretical perspectives. This paper explores access to mental healthcare through the lenses of stigma theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by presenting central tenants of the theories and a brief review of empirical evidence in support of the individual theories. The combined TPB and stigma theory model merges self-stigma with the TPB construct of attitude and public stigma within the construct of subjective norms. A case example illustrates the application of the combined model in understanding barriers to mental health treatment. Discussion of the case study within the combined theoretical framework also acknowledges how culture within the social environment could have impacted mental health outcomes. Thus, it is necessary to intervene in areas of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and stigma to shape the social environment through policy, practice and research and to improve mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Refusing the COVID-19 vaccine: What's wrong with that?
- Author
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Meylan, Anne and Schmidt, Sebastian
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VACCINE refusal , *COVID-19 vaccines , *HEALTH policy , *PREPAREDNESS , *VACCINATION mandates , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine refusal seems like a paradigm case of irrationality. Vaccines are supposed to be the best way to get us out of the COVID-19 pandemic. And yet many people believe that they should not be vaccinated even though they are dissatisfied with the current situation. In this paper, we analyze COVID-19 vaccine refusal with the tools of contemporary philosophical theories of responsibility and rationality. The main outcome of this analysis is that many vaccine-refusers are responsible for the belief that they should not be vaccinated and epistemically rational in holding it. This is an important result because it provides insights into the legitimacy of certain public health policies. In particular, this result shows that a public health policy that would abandon the project of convincing certain vaccine-refusers with reasons – e.g., by simply making vaccination compulsory – is prima facie illegitimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Promise and Reality of Public Engagement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing Research.
- Author
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Conley, John M., Cadigan, R. Jean, Davis, Arlene M., Juengst, Eric T., Kuczynski, Kriste, Major, Rami, Stancil, Hayley, Villa-Palomino, Julio, Waltz, Margaret, and Henderson, Gail E.
- Subjects
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GENOME editing , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *HEALTH policy , *CLINICAL governance , *GENETICS , *STAKEHOLDER analysis , *HUMAN genome , *MATHEMATICAL models , *COMMUNITY health services , *COMPARATIVE studies , *GENETIC engineering , *THEORY , *RESEARCH funding , *GROUP medical practice , *BIOETHICS - Abstract
This paper analyses the activities of five organizations shaping the debate over the global governance of genome editing in order to assess current approaches to public engagement (PE). We compare the recommendations of each group with its own practices. All recommend broad engagement with the general public, but their practices vary from expert-driven models dominated by scientists, experts, and civil society groups to citizen deliberation-driven models that feature bidirectional consultation with local citizens, as well as hybrid models that combine elements of both approaches. Only one group practices PE that seeks community perspectives to advance equity. In most cases, PE does little more than record already well-known views held by the most vocal groups, and thus is unlikely to produce more just or equitable processes or policy outcomes. Our exploration of the strengths, weaknesses, and possibilities of current forms of PE suggests a need to rethink both "public" and "engagement." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Situating reproductive coercion in the sociocultural context: An ecological model to inform research, practice, and policy in the United States.
- Author
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Coleman, Jessica N., Hellberg, Samantha N., Hopkins, Tiffany A., Thompson, Katherine A., Bruening, Amanda B., and Jones, Amanda C.
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HUMAN reproduction , *CULTURE , *HEALTH policy , *ECOLOGICAL research , *COMMUNITIES , *MEDICAL care , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *DECISION making , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *MEDICAL practice , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *SEXUAL health - Abstract
Reproductive coercion (RC) can be conceptualized as any behavior that limits one's ability to make decisions about their reproductive health. Here, we broaden this definition to consider the impact of systemic and sociocultural factors on RC using an ecological model. Specifically, we use Bronfenbrenner's model as a framework for organizing the multilevel factors that influence reproductive coercion (RC) and its impacts on individual health. This paper is intended to offer a primer to historical, sociocultural, community, interpersonal, and individual processes that may interact to shape reproductive decision-making and its effect on individual health outcomes. We emphasize the importance of conceptualizing RC within the broader sociocultural and community context, and the potential implications for reproductive and sexual health research, clinical care, and policy in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The process of developing a mental health promotion plan for the Irish health service.
- Author
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Walsh, Orla, Sheridan, Anne, and Barry, Margaret M.
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL health promotion , *MENTAL health policy , *HEALTH promotion , *INFRASTRUCTURE policy , *HEALTH policy - Abstract
Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of mental health promotion, its implementation in practice remains underdeveloped in most countries. Having a standalone strategy ensures commitment to delivering on mental health promotion within the political and policy system. This paper outlines the process of developing the first Mental Health Promotion Plan for the health service in Ireland. The process of developing the Plan, together with key reflections and learnings from the experience are outlined. The framework for the development of the Mental Health Promotion Plan, and the processes involved are outlined. The development process constituted three distinct phases over a two and a half year period: (i) planning; (ii) identifying core actions; (iii) stakeholder engagement. The steps involved in each of these phases are described. The Mental Health Promotion Plan takes a lifecourse and settings-based approach, including 27 actions for enhancing protective factors for mental health and minimising risk factors. A wide range of stakeholders from across sectors contributed to the development process. The development of this Plan marks a watershed in placing mental health promotion on the policy agenda at a national level, building on the existing health promotion policy and practice infrastructure in Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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