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Differential Evolution (DE) is widely recognized as a highly effective evolutionary algorithm for global optimization. It has proven its efficacy in tackling diverse problems across various fields and real-world applications. DE boasts several advantages, such as ease of implementation, reliability, speed, and adaptability. However, DE does have certain limitations, such as suboptimal solution exploitation and challenging parameter tuning. To address these challenges, this research paper introduces a novel algorithm called Enhanced Binary JADE (EBJADE), which combines differential evolution with multi-population and elites regeneration. The primary innovation of this paper lies in the introduction of strategy with enhanced exploitation capabilities. This strategy is based on utilizing the sorting of three vectors from the current generation to perturb the target vector. By introducing directional differences, guiding the search towards improved solutions. Additionally, this study adopts a multi-population method with a rewarding subpopulation to dynamically adjust the allocation of two different mutation strategies. Finally, the paper incorporates the sampling concept of elite individuals from the Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) to regenerate new solutions through the selection process in DE. Experimental results, using the CEC2014 benchmark tests, demonstrate the strong competitiveness and superior performance of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the Love Evolution Algorithm (LEA), a novel evolutionary algorithm inspired by the stimulus–value–role theory. The optimization process of the LEA includes three phases: stimulus, value, and role. Both partners evolve through these phases and benefit from them regardless of the outcome of the relationship. This inspiration is abstracted into mathematical models for global optimization. The efficiency of the LEA is validated through numerical experiments with CEC2017 benchmark functions, outperforming seven metaheuristic algorithms as evidenced by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Friedman test. Further tests using the CEC2022 benchmark functions confirm the competitiveness of the LEA compared to seven state-of-the-art metaheuristics. Lastly, the study extends to real-world problems, demonstrating the performance of the LEA across eight diverse engineering problems. Source codes of the LEA are publicly available at https://ww2.mathworks.cn/matlabcentral/fileexchange/159101-love-evolution-algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-objective problems have gained much attention during the last decade. To balance the diversity and the convergence of the multi-objective differential evolution algorithm (MODE), an improved MODE is proposed based on the affinity propagation clustering (APC) and the non-dominated count approach in this paper. The proposed algorithm is referred to as AP-MODE, which improves the search efficiency by utilizing the affinity propagation approach to find out the population distribution structure for guiding search. In addition, mating restriction probability is used to select parent individuals for recombination from the neighborhoods or the whole population. Meanwhile, the mating restriction probability is updated according to the non-dominated count approach at each generation. This proposed algorithm is verified by comparing it with some state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and the simulation results on DTLZ test problems indicate that AP-MODE can efficiently achieve two goals of multi-objective optimization, i.e., the convergence to actual Pareto front and uniform spread of individuals along Pareto front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential evolution (DE) is a proficient optimizer and has been broadly implemented in real life applications of various fields. Several mutation based adaptive approaches have been suggested to improve the algorithm efficiency in recent years. In this paper, a novel self-adaptive method called SaMDE has been designed and implemented on the mutation-based modified DE variants such as modified randomized localization-based DE (MRLDE), donor mutation based DE (DNDE), and sequential parabolic interpolation based DE (SPIDE), which were proposed by the authors in previous research. Using the proposed adaptive technique, an appropriate mutation strategy from DNDE and SPIDE can be selected automatically for the MRLDE algorithm. The experimental results on 50 benchmark problems taken of various test suits and a real-world application of minimization of the potential molecular energy problem validate the superiority of SaMDE over other DE variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is a simple and efficient population-based evolutionary algorithm. In DE, the mutation strategy and the control parameter play important roles in performance enhancement. However, single strategy and fixed parameter are not universally applicable to problems and evolution stages with diverse characteristics; besides, the weakness of the advanced DE optimization framework, called selective-candidate framework with similarity selection rule (SCSS), is found by focusing on its single strategy and fixed parameter greedy degree (GD) setting. To address these problems, we mainly combine the multiple candidates generation with multi-strategy (MCG-MS) and the adaptive similarity selection (ASS) rule. On the one hand, in MCG-MS, two symmetrical mutation strategies, "DE/current-to-pbest-w/1" and designed "DE/current-to-cbest-w/1", are utilized to build the multi-strategy to produce two candidate individuals, which prevents the over-approximation of the candidate in SCSS. On the other hand, the ASS rule provides the individual selection mechanism for multi-strategy to determine the offspring from two candidates, where parameter GD is designed to increase linearly with evolution to maintain diversity at the early evolution stage and accelerate convergence at the later evolution stage. Based on the advanced algorithm jSO, replacing its offspring generation strategy with the combination of MCG-MS and ASS rule, this paper proposes multi-strategy differential evolution algorithm with adaptive similarity selection rule (MSDE-ASS). It combines the advantages of two symmetric strategies and has an efficient individual selection mechanism without parameter adjustment. MSDE-ASS is verified under the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2017 competition test suite on real-parameter single-objective numerical optimization, and the results indicate that, of the 174 cases in total, it wins in 81 cases and loses in 30 cases, and it has the smallest performance ranking value, of 3.05. Therefore, MSDE-ASS stands out compared to the other state-of-the-art DEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex systems provide an opportunity to analyze the essence of phenomena by studying their intricate connections. The networks formed by these connections, known as complex networks, embody the underlying principles governing the system's behavior. While complex networks have been previously applied in the field of evolutionary computation, prior studies have been limited in their ability to reach conclusive conclusions. Based on our investigations, we are against the notion that there is a direct link between the complex network structure of an algorithm and its performance, and we demonstrate this experimentally. In this paper, we address these limitations by analyzing the dynamic complex network structures of five algorithms across three different problems. By incorporating mathematical distributions utilized in prior research, we not only generate novel insights but also refine and challenge previous conclusions. Specifically, we introduce the biased Poisson distribution to describe the algorithm's exploration capability and the biased power-law distribution to represent its exploitation potential during the convergence process. Our aim is to redirect research on the interplay between complex networks and evolutionary computation towards dynamic network structures, elucidating the essence of exploitation and exploration in the black-box optimization process of evolutionary algorithms via dynamic complex networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, numerous innovative and specialized algorithms have emerged to tackle two and three multi-objective types of problems. However, their effectiveness on many-objective challenges remains uncertain. This paper introduces a new Many-objective Sine–Cosine Algorithm (MaOSCA), which employs a reference point mechanism and information feedback principle to achieve efficient, effective, productive, and robust performance. The MaOSCA algorithm's capabilities are enhanced by incorporating multiple features that balance exploration and exploitation, direct the search towards promising areas, and prevent search stagnation. The MaOSCA's performance is evaluated against popular algorithms such as the Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III), the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) integrated with Differential Evolution (MOEADDE), the Many-objective Particle Swarm Optimizer (MaOPSO), and the Many-objective JAYA Algorithm (MaOJAYA) across various test suites, including DTLZ1-DTLZ7 with 5, 9, and 15 objectives and car cab design, water resources management, car side impact, marine design, and 10-bar truss engineering design problems. The performance evaluation is carried out using various performance metrics. The MaOSCA demonstrates its ability to achieve well-converged and diversified solutions for most problems. The success of the MaOSCA can be attributed to the multiple features of the SCA optimizer integrated into the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on improving the estimation accuracy and convergence rate of hysteresis modeling of MFC actuators using mutation enhanced differential evolution (MEDE) algorithm, a modified version of the differential evolution algorithm. The proposed MEDE algorithm uses three mutation strategies, i.e., best, rand, and pbest. To model the secondary path of a smart flexible beam with MFC actuators, a Hammerstein model that combines an asymmetric Bouc-Wen model with an ARX model connected in series is proposed. The fitness function values of the Hammerstein model are compared with evolutionary algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decomposition-based algorithm, for example, multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D), has been proved effective and useful in a variety of multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). On the basis of MOEA/D, the MOEA/D-DE replaces the simulated binary crossover (SBX) operator with differential evolution (DE) operator, which is used to enhance the diversity of the solutions more effectively. However, the amplification factor and the crossover probability are fixed in MOEA/D-DE, which would lead to a low convergence rate and be more likely to fall into local optimum. To overcome such a prematurity problem, this paper proposes three different adaptive operators in DE with crossover probability and amplification factors to adjust the parameter settings adaptively. We incorporate these three adaptive operators in MOEA/D-DE and MOEA/D-PaS to solve MOPs and many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs), respectively. This paper also designs a sensitive experiment for the changeable parameter η in the proposed adaptive operators to explore how η would affect the convergence of the proposed algorithms. These adaptive algorithms are tested on many benchmark problems, including ZDT, DTLZ, WFG, and MaF test suites. The experimental results illustrate that the three proposed adaptive algorithms have better performance on most benchmark problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-objective bilevel optimisation problems, the upper-level performance of different lower-level optimal solutions may be very different, even though they belong to the same lower-level problem. It may lead to poor optimisation results. Therefore, the lower-level search should search lower-level non-dominated solutions that are also non-dominated in the upper-level objective space. In this paper, we use two populations in the lower-level search. The first population maintains non-dominance and diversity in the lower-level objective space and provides the second population with convergence pressure from the lower level. The second population selects the upper-level non-dominated solutions that are not dominated by the first population in the lower-level objective space, which make the second population maintain the non-dominance at both upper and lower levels. Besides, to improve the search efficiency, we set up the upper-level mating pool to generate the upper-level vectors of offsprings near the upper-level vectors of the better individuals in the current population. To balance convergence and diversity, the selection operator of a decomposition based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is adopted. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on a set of benchmark problems and a real-world optimisation problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor network is large-scale, self-organizing and reliable. It is widely used in the military, disaster management, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Algorithms for localization can be classified as range-based or range-free based on their ability to achieve effective localization. Range-based algorithms require hardware support, which increases deployment costs and complexity. Instead of measuring distance directly, range-free algorithms estimate the position based on hop counts between nodes. While simpler in terms of hardware requirements, this algorithm suffers from large localization errors. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved 3D DV-Hop localization algorithm (3D DEHDV-Hop) using a differential evolutionary algorithm. First of all, theoretical analysis shows a correlation between the volume of the intersection area containing the communication range between neighbors and the number of shared single-hop nodes. Then, using the number of shared single-hop nodes between nodes, the number of hops is converted from a discrete value to an exact continuous value. Finally, the localization problem is transformed into a minimum optimization problem by incorporating a differential evolutionary algorithm. As compared to the other four algorithms compared, 3D DEHDV-Hop improves localization accuracy by an average of 10.3% under different anchor node densities, 13.7% under different communication radiuses, and 12.1% under different anchor node numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is widely regarded as one of the most influential evolutionary algorithms for addressing complex optimization problems. However, the fixed mutation strategy limits the adaptive ability of DE, and the lack of utilization of historical information limits the optimization ability of DE. In this paper, an indicator-based self-learning differential evolution algorithm (ISDE) is proposed. A jump out mechanism based on deep reinforcement learning is adopted to control the mutation intensity of the population. The neural network in the jump out mechanism is designed as a decision maker. The mutation intensity of the population is controlled by the neural network, and the neural network are trained by a double deep Q network algorithm based on the continuous data generated during the evolution process. A population range indicator (PRI) is utilized to describe individual differences in the population. A diversity maintenance mechanism is designed to maintain individual differences according to the value of PRI. The experimental results reveal that the comprehensive performance of ISDE is superior to comparison algorithms on CEC 2017 real-parameter numerical optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In multi-objective bilevel optimisation problems, the upper-level performance of different lower-level optimal solutions may be very different, even though they belong to the same lower-level problem. It may lead to poor optimisation results. Therefore, the lower-level search should search lower-level non-dominated solutions that are also non-dominated in the upper-level objective space. In this paper, we use two populations in the lower-level search. The first population maintains non-dominance and diversity in the lower-level objective space and provides the second population with convergence pressure from the lower level. The second population selects the upper-level non-dominated solutions that are not dominated by the first population in the lower-level objective space, which make the second population maintain the non-dominance at both upper and lower levels. Besides, to improve the search efficiency, we set up the upper-level mating pool to generate the upper-level vectors of offsprings near the upper-level vectors of the better individuals in the current population. To balance convergence and diversity, the selection operator of a decomposition based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is adopted. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on a set of benchmark problems and a real-world optimisation problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the number of lower-level function evaluations (LFEs) is crucial to designing a bilevel evolutionary algorithm (BLEA) for bilevel optimization. Direct neighbor solution transfer (DST) is regularly used in BLEA because it can improve the lower-level search efficiency and reduce the number of LFEs. But this method still faces the challenge of misleading searches to make the algorithm converge to the wrong optimum. This paper proposes a bilevel improved multi-operator differential evolution algorithm (BL-IMODE) for bilevel optimization, which uses the knowledge transfer and adaptive coordinate systems approach. Specifically, this paper proposes a lower-level search knowledge transfer (LLS-KT) and a lower-level (LL) optimal solution distribution information transfer (LLO-DIT) mechanism to implement knowledge transfer. In LLS-KT, transferring LL solutions to the LL optimizer is similar to DST, but the LLS-KT transfers multiple solutions and thus has less possibility of misleading searches than DST. Moreover, the LLO-DIT transfers the LL optimal solution distribution information to the LL optimizer for generating promising offspring solutions. Since this method does not directly transfer LL solutions, it avoids misleading searches. Additionally, the adaptive coordinate systems (ACS) approach is used in two-level optimizers to suit different fitness landscapes and further reduce the number of LFEs. In ACS, three differential evolution mutation operators are produced in two coordinate systems. An adaptive strategy is used to select the suitable differential evolution mutation operator to generate promising offspring solutions in the Eigen coordinate or original coordinate system. Experimental studies on three test suites benchmark problems for comparison with seven state-of-the-art algorithms are conducted. The results show BL-IMODE has a significant advantage over the comparative algorithms. Finally, BL-IMODE is applied to tackle the inverse optimal control problem. • We propose a bilevel improved multi-operator differential evolution algorithm. • We propose a knowledge transfer approach to avoid misleading search. • We propose an adaptive coordinate systems approach to improve search efficiency. • We outperform all existing approaches in most test instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to improve premature convergence and low precision of the differential evolution algorithm. An adaptive constrained differential evolution algorithm based on a probability interval update mechanism (PIMDE) is proposed. First, the interval probability update mechanism is developed to adaptively generate the mutation probability value, and the hybrid mutation strategy is formulated by effectively selecting complementary mutation strategies based on the mutation probability. Subsequently, the adaptive mechanism is employed to dynamically adjust the mutation strategy and parameters; as a result, the global detection and local search ability of the algorithm can be balanced, and the search efficiency of the algorithm can be enhanced. To verify determine the performance of the proposed algorithm, ten standard constrained optimization problems and five engineering optimization problems are analyzed. As revealed from experimental results, PIMDE can effectively solve COPs with high precision and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an energy efficiency study has been carried out through the moment values of a quadrotor applied in the position control with the differential evolution algorithm (DE), which is under the evolutionary algorithms among meta-heuristic algorithms particle swarm optimization (PSO) which is among swarm-based algorithms and gravity search algorithm (GSA) among physics-based algorithms and charged system search (CSS) algorithm, which are all well-known in the literature. The efficient use of energy in electrically powered flying mechanisms is important in terms of completing its task. The aim of this study is to obtain proportional–integral–derivative (PID) coefficients that minimize the energy consumption caused by quadrotor moments. First of all, 12 PID coefficients calculated with traditional Ziegler Nicholes, and trying-error methods for the control of the quadrotor have been trained with DE, PSO, GSA and CSS algorithms and their cost values have been found for this problem. In the study, optimum PID coefficients have been found separately with each algorithm and torque data giving energy efficiency have been obtained by applying them to the state equations. Although the cost minimization convergence value obtained from DE does not look good compared to other algorithms, it has been observed that the moment values of the obtained PID coefficients in the control program are lower. In the study, it has been shown that the PID coefficients obtained from DE reach the target with approximately less energy than the maximum-moment value of the PSO, which provides the closest moment value. It can be thought that this value contributes to energy consumption in each orbital movement of the quadrotor. The simulation results show that the coefficients obtained from DE provide better energy efficiency and are superior to other algorithms compared in terms of energy efficiency. • PID coefficients for quadrotor control are optimized with DE,PSO,CSS,GSA algorithms • The torque values to be applied to each motor were adjusted with these coefficients • The total force applied with DEPID in the z direction is smaller than others • DEPID consumes less energy than the other algorithms in the paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an energy efficiency study has been carried out through the moment values of a quadrotor applied in the position control with the differential evolution algorithm (DE), which is under the evolutionary algorithms among meta-heuristic algorithms particle swarm optimization (PSO) which is among swarm-based algorithms and gravity search algorithm (GSA) among physics-based algorithms and charged system search (CSS) algorithm, which are all well-known in the literature. The efficient use of energy in electrically powered flying mechanisms is important in terms of completing its task. The aim of this study is to obtain proportional–integral–derivative (PID) coefficients that minimize the energy consumption caused by quadrotor moments. First of all, 12 PID coefficients calculated with traditional Ziegler Nicholes, and trying-error methods for the control of the quadrotor have been trained with DE, PSO, GSA and CSS algorithms and their cost values have been found for this problem. In the study, optimum PID coefficients have been found separately with each algorithm and torque data giving energy efficiency have been obtained by applying them to the state equations. Although the cost minimization convergence value obtained from DE does not look good compared to other algorithms, it has been observed that the moment values of the obtained PID coefficients in the control program are lower. In the study, it has been shown that the PID coefficients obtained from DE reach the target with approximately less energy than the maximum-moment value of the PSO, which provides the closest moment value. It can be thought that this value contributes to energy consumption in each orbital movement of the quadrotor. The simulation results show that the coefficients obtained from DE provide better energy efficiency and are superior to other algorithms compared in terms of energy efficiency. • PID coefficients for quadrotor control are optimized with DE,PSO,CSS,GSA algorithms • The torque values to be applied to each motor were adjusted with these coefficients • The total force applied with DEPID in the z direction is smaller than others • DEPID consumes less energy than the other algorithms in the paper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Meta-evolutionary Selection of Constituents in Ensemble DE (MeSCEDE) framework is proposed in this paper to automate the design of high-level multi-population ensemble Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms. The automated design of high-level multi-population ensemble DE algorithms involves both automated selection of constituent DE algorithms for the ensemble and automated configuration of ensemble related parameters. Grammatical Evolution has been used as the meta-evolutionary algorithm in MeSCEDE to search the space of design choices so as to evolve effective ensemble design(s) for given problem(s). The simulation experiments carried out in this paper involve applying MeSCEDE to evolve ensemble DE designs for solving 30-dimensional CEC'17 benchmark functions. The effectiveness of the evolved designs are validated on 30 and 50-dimensional CEC'14 functions as well as on 22 real-world problem instances from CEC'11 benchmark suite. The MeSCEDE evolved designs have exhibited a competitive performance against state-of-the-art ensemble DE algorithms. In addition, the potential of MeSCEDE has been demonstrated against irace , a state-of-the-art algorithm configurator. All simulation experiments reiterate the potential of MeSCEDE towards evolving effective and robust ensemble DE designs. • Automated design of ensemble differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented. • The proposed approach is Meta-evolutionary Selection of Constituents in Ensemble DE. • The approach uses grammatical evolution as the meta evolutionary algorithm. • The approach is demonstrated on CEC'17, CEC'14 and CEC'11 benchmark suites. • Relieves the practitioners from the difficult task of algorithm configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal multiobjective optimization problems (MMOPs) possess multiple equivalent Pareto optimal sets (PSs) corresponding to the same Pareto front (PF). Numerous multimodal multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MMEAs) have been developed to solve MMOPs. However, how to locate multiple high quality equivalent PSs and obtain a uniformly distributed PF simultaneously remains a challenging task. This paper explores a novel multimodal multiobjective differential evolution algorithm, termed MMO_CDE, for solving MMOPs. In MMO_CDE, a neighborhood-based dual mutation strategy is proposed by developing two novel mutation operators. The two novel mutation operators provide a better tradeoff between exploration and exploitation in locating multiple equivalent PSs. In addition, a clustering-based environmental selection mechanism is designed by integrating an affinity propagation method. The affinity propagation method improves the distribution of solutions in decision and objective spaces, and a harmonic averaged distance is adopted to promote the diversity of a population. The proposed MMO_CDE is compared against state-of-the-art MMEAs on a test suite of CEC 2019 benchmark functions and a map-based practical application. Empirical results validate the superiority of the proposed MMO_CDE regarding locating multiple equivalent PSs and obtaining a well-distributed PF. • Propose a clustering differential evolution with neighborhood-based dual mutation. • Develop a neighborhood-based dual mutation for the proposed algorithm. • Develop a clustering-based environmental selection for the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Search-based algorithms are a recent research hotspot for solving path coverage (PC), which is the most critical and challenging problem in the field of automated test case generation (ATCG). There remains a large research space for achieving ATCG-PC's goal of finding a set of test cases covering all possible paths with as little computational overhead as possible. In contrast to two existing research approaches of testing different search-based algorithms and developing different fitness functions, this paper proposes two learning strategies based on a hypercube (termed HBL and THBL), which are inspired by a problem-specific knowledge expressed by the mathematical formulas of different fitness functions for ATCG-PC. The hypercubes of HBL and THBL are developed via an opposition-based learning strategy around the current best solution. The two learning strategies can guide search-based algorithms to search for test cases that cover uncovered paths. Two improved differential evolutionary algorithms based on HBL and THBL are then proposed to solve ATCG-PC. Experimental studies on thirty instances generated by eight classical benchmark programs and six fog computing benchmark programs show that the proposed algorithms achieve highest path coverage with fewer test cases and less running time than some compared state-of-the-art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land readjustment and redistribution (LR) is an important approach used to realize development plans by converting rural lands to urban land and also providing urban infrastructure. The LR problem, which is a complex challenging real-world problem, is a discrete optimization problem because its structure is similar to TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) and scheduling problems which are combinatorial optimization problems. Since classical mathematical methods are insufficient for solving NP (Nondeterministic Polynomial) optimization problems due to time limitations, meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are commonly utilized for solving these kinds of problems. In this paper, meta-heuristic algorithms including genetic, particle swarm, differential evolution, artificial bee, and tree seed algorithms are utilized for solving LR problems. The stated meta-heuristic algorithms are used by applying spatial-based crossover and mutation operators depending upon the LR problem on each algorithm. Moreover, a synthetic dataset is used to ensure that the quality of the solution obtained is acceptable to everyone, to prove an optimal solution easily. By utilizing the suggested spatial-based crossover and mutation operators, finding the ideal solution is aimed using the synthetic dataset. In addition, five different modifications on TSA (Tree-Seed Algorithm) are performed and used to solve LR problems. All the modified versions of TSA are carried out only by changing the mechanism of seed reproduction. The novel TSA approaches are respectively named as tcTSA (tournament current), tbTSA (tournament best), pbTSA (personal-best based), t2TSA (double tournament), and elTSA (elitism based). In the experimental studies, the hybrid approach, which includes the crossover and mutation operators, is successfully applied in all of the algorithms under equal conditions for a fair comparison. According to experimental results performed using the dataset, it can be clearly stated that especially t2TSA outperforms all the algorithms in terms of performance and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new compact algorithm is proposed. Two sinusoidal formulas are used to automatically adjust the crossover rate and the mutation scaling factor in the compact Differential Evolution (cDE) metaheuristic. The proposed algorithm, called Compound Sinusoidal cDE, CScDE, is compared to seven state-of-the-art compact algorithms on the well-known BBOB test-bed, the CEC-2014 test suite for continuous optimisation, as well as five real-world optimisation problems chosen from the CEC-2011 benchmarks. The CScDE algorithm outperformed its competitors for most problem categories and over most dimensions. It is also compared to some well-established population-based metaheuristics. • A compact compound sinusoidal differential evolution, CScDE, is proposed. • CScDE uses sinusoidal formulas to adjust the parameters of compact DE. • Both binomial and exponential crossover are tested. • CScDE is applied on 89 reference problems with several dimensions. • CScDE outperformed state-of-the-art compact algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A general algorithm framework for hardware software partitioning problem is proposed based on evolutionary algorithms. • An effective method to deal with the infeasible solution of hardware software partitioning problem is proposed • The performances of genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), binary differential evolution algorithm with hybrid encoding (HBDE), and group theory based optimization algorithm (GTOA) for solving hardware software partiti on ing problem are compared. • According to the comparison results, it is pointed out that GTOA and BPSO are more suitable for solving hardware software partitioning problem than GA and HBDE Hardware/software partitioning (HW/SW) is a significant problem in hardware-software co-design, and it is also an NP-hard problem. In order to solve the HW/SW quickly and effectively by evolutionary algorithms, the HW/SW is firstly regarded as a variant of knapsack problem. Based on a new greedy strategy, a greedy repair and optimization algorithm GROM is proposed to eliminate the infeasible solutions. Subsequently, a general algorithm framework based on discrete evolutionary algorithm for HW/SW problem is proposed. On the basis of the above algorithm framework, genetic algorithm (GA), binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO), binary differential evolution algorithm with hybrid encoding (HBDE) and group theory-based optimization algorithm (GTOA) are used to solve large-scale HW/SW instances. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm framework proposed in the paper are verified by comparing the good and bad of the calculation results of above algorithms, and pointed out that the performance of GTOA and BPSO is better than that of HBDE and GA, they are more suitable for solving large-scale HW/SW problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban rail transit is an efficient public transport, and reducing their energy consumption is beneficial to climate change and sustainable development. Current researches in metro train trajectory optimization are mainly based on the single-particle train operation model, and the selection of energy-saving operation strategy under time-varying passenger flow is not taken into consideration. Therefore, considering the practical line environment and uncertain trainload simultaneously, this paper establishes a multi-particle operation model and develops a new optimization method based on mutated dichotomy and differential evolutionary algorithm to solve the model. Then, the influence of various passenger flow and line information on the train trajectory optimization is analyzed from the perspective of trainload capacity based on the proposed method, and the selection basis of the optimal energy-saving train operation strategy was determined. Finally, a case study was conducted in the Nanning Rail Transit Line 1 and Line 5, respectively. The results show that the proposed method has strong efficiency for energy conservation and better optimization performance than the conventional differential evolution algorithm in solving train trajectory optimization problem. And the simulation results of the Line 5, which is a fully automatic operation line, also verified the reliability of the selection basis. • Passenger flow was considered in a multi-particle metro energy conservation model. • An improved evolution algorithm was proposed to optimize train trajectory. • The optimal operation strategy selection basis was determined for the metro line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A target vector replacement strategy (TVRS) is proposed. • Various differential evolution algorithms can be improved by TVRS. • The TVRS can be easily applied to the existing differential evolution algorithms. Individuals find it difficult to avoid stagnation in the iterative process of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm, and the stagnant individuals have restricted improvement in the population, which will have a negative effect on its performance. This research put forward a target vector replacement strategy (TVRS) for reducing the impact of stagnant individuals on the DE algorithm's performance. For stagnant target vectors, while executing mutation operation and crossover operation, TVRS selects non-stagnant individuals in the population to replace the stagnant target vectors with a specific probability. Because improving stagnant individuals are difficult, TVRS provides more opportunities for improvement to those who are not stagnant, while the opportunities for stagnant individuals to be improved are decreased. For assessing the efficiency of TVRS, TVRS was implemented to six DE algorithms and compared to their original algorithms. Judging from the performance outcomes of TVRS in the CEC 2014 benchmark test set, TVRS can greatly increase the DE algorithm's performance. This study will show the evolutionary opportunity that is obtained by an individual should be related to the individual state. Adjusting the individual evolutionary opportunity based on the individual state is helpful for improving the stagnation problem of the differential evolution algorithm. This study will provide a new way for improving the stagnation problem of the differential evolution algorithm and other evolutionary algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]