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Firstly, we construct a fourth-order numerical differential formula for approximating Riesz derivative. Substituting it into the damped nonlinear space fractional Schrödinger equation, the original equation becomes a matrix form of nonlinear ordinary differential equation system. Then, by means of implicit integrating factor method and Padé approximation, we obtain a new numerical scheme whose convergence order is higher than the existing algorithms. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the numerical algorithm and the correctness of the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]