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Herein, a new, direct paper-based fluorimetric method is described for the quantitative determination of glutathione (GSH) molecules in nutritional supplements. Briefly, the proposed analytical method is based on the fluorescence emission resulting from the direct and selective chemical reaction of GSH molecules with the derivatization reagent that is o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) in acidic conditions at room temperature. The intensity of the emitted fluorescence on the surface of the analytical paper devices after irradiation with a lamp at 365 nm is proportional to the concentration of GSH and is measured using a smartphone as the detector. This methodology, which is suitable for measurements in laboratories with limited resources, does not require specialized instrumentation or trained personnel. The protocol governing the proposed method is simple and easily applicable. Essentially, the chemical analyst should adjust the value of pH on the surface of the paper by adding a minimal amount of buffer solution; then, after adding a few microliters of the derivatization reagent, wait for the surface of the paper to dry and, finally, add the analyte. Subsequently, the irradiation of the sensor and the measurement of the emitted fluorescence can be recorded with a mobile phone. In the present study, several parameters affecting the chemical reaction and the emitted fluorescence were optimized, the effect of interfering compounds that may be present in dietary supplements was examined, and the stability of these paper sensors under different storage conditions was evaluated. Additionally, the chemical stability of these paper devices in various maintenance conditions was studied, with satisfactory results. The detection limit calculated as 3.3 S/N was 20.5 μmol L−1, while the precision of the method was satisfactory, ranging from 3.1% (intra-day) to 7.3% (inter-day). Finally, the method was successfully applied to three different samples of dietary supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the applicability of novel colorimetric paper‐based pH‐sensitive indicator labels for monitoring the shelf life of the chicken breast fillets packaged under air oxygen until 10 days at 4°C. The color changes of the indicator labels were observed using the mobile phone after storage for days 0, 5, and 10. The result revealed that the indicator labels could be used to determine the freshness of the product as a part of intelligent packaging since the color of all indicators changed, depending on the pH changes of the chicken breast fillets. However, the synthetic and the red cabbage‐based indicator labels are found more sensitive to color changes compared to other selected natural‐based indicators. Moreover, the indicator labels have no toxic effect and are reliable and easy to use for monitoring the shelf life of meat and meat products. Novelty impact statement: A novel freshness indicator was developed based on natural (pomegranate, red cabbage, and turnip juice) and synthetic dye (bromocresol green, and methyl red) to detect physicochemical and microbiological changes in the chicken breast fillet for consumers as an alternative to the expiry date.The color of the indicator labels has changed depending on changes in the pH value of the chicken breast fillet packaged under air oxygen.It is considered that the developed indicator labels will contribute to new scientific research about intelligent packaging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypochlorous acid (HClO), the core bactericidal substance of the human immune system, plays a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes in the human body. In this work, we designed and synthesized a novel deep-red fluorescent probe TCF-ClO for the determination of hypochlorous acid through theoretical analysis. The results showed that probe TCF-ClO exhibited excellent characteristics of long-wavelength emission (635 nm), fast response (< 1 min), and low detection limit (24 nM). In addition, it had been successfully used for imaging of HClO in living HeLa cells. More importantly, the TCF-ClO composited paper-based sensing material was successfully constructed. The RGB/gray value was obtained from a mobile phone and computer, which could achieve the quantitative detection of HClO, with a linear detection range of 0–50 μM and a detection limit of 1.09 μM (RGB mode)/3.38 μM (gray mode). The function of the paper-based sensor extended from qualitative to quantitative detection of HClO, and it is expected to become a portable device widely used in the environmental area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An enrichment method of glycoproteins using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) was developed. • The μPADs consist of two separate parts: the enrichment part (Chip I) and the detection part (Chip II). • The 3-aminophenylboronic acid immobilized on Chip I can capture glycoproteins at pH 8.0 and release them at pH 3.0. • The method can effectively enrich an ovalbumin solution with concentrations as low as 1.0 × 10−11 mol/L. • Glycoproteins was enriched from 1 × 106-fold diluted real egg white samples. We introduce a facile method for glycoprotein enrichment, separation, and detection using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The μPADs comprise two distinct components: the enrichment region (Chip I) and the detection section (Chip II). The reusable Chip I is fabricated by immobilizing 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) onto a circular paper substrate, demonstrating exceptional glycoprotein affinity. In disposable Chip II, glycoproteins react with periodic acid, generating carbonyl compounds that produce a purple-colored product upon reacting with the Schiff reagent. Alterations in color intensity are captured using an ordinary cell phone and are subsequently analyzed using Photoshop software. Observations note a linear increase in average color intensities from 1.0 × 10−3 to 5.0 × 10−3 mol/L, with an R2 value of 0.9927. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of inter-day (n = 5) and intra-day (n = 5) assessments stand at 1.5 % and 1.4 %, respectively. Our proposed approach can effectively enrich an ovalbumin (OVA) solution with concentrations as low as 1.0 × 10−11 mol/L, resulting in enrichment rates of 107 to 108 times. The interference deviations of five substances relative to OVA lie within the range of − 2.0 % to + 2.0 %. The methodology successfully enriches glycoproteins from egg white samples diluted by a factor of 1 × 106, demonstrating that the proposed method is remarkably suitable for enriching glycoproteins from authentic samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer has a poor cure rate and rates of relapse are high. Current recurrence detection is limited by non-specific methods such as blood testing and ultrasound. Based on reports that human epididymis four (HE4) / creatinine (CRE) ratios found in urine are elevated in ovarian cancers, we have developed a paper-based device that combines lateral flow technology and cell phone analysis to quantitatively measure HE4/CRE. Surrogate samples were used to test the performance over clinically expected HE4/CRE ratios. For HE4/CRE ratios of 2 to 47, the percent error was found to be 16.0% on average whether measured by a flatbed scanner or cell phone. There was not a significant difference between the results from the cell phone or scanner. Based on published studies, error in this method was less than the difference required to detect recurrence. This promising new tool, with further development, could be used at home or in low-resource settings to provide timely detection of ovarian cancer recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research on domestic violence in India recurrently highlight women's economic empowerment as a major deterrent to domestic violence. That said, this paper tries to understand what is the nature of relationship between women's empowerment and their experience of spousal violence? In doing so, it specifically explores how this relationship is interceded by regional specificities. Based on an analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data in India, this paper observes that the relationship between women's empowerment and domestic violence is contentious. However, women having some education and using mobile phones are less vulnerable. Hence, this study concludes that mobile phones and Internet-based applications as well as community-based interventions could be the effective measures to end domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite concerns having been voiced internationally about the validity and reliability of mobile phone evidence, there remain large gaps in our understanding of how police acquire and process mobile phone data, and the risks associated with this work. This paper fills some of these gaps by drawing upon qualitative data gathered during an ethnographic study of the role of forensic sciences and technologies in British homicide investigations. Specifically, we draw upon case papers, interviews, and observations to illuminate, from the perspective of police and prosecution actors, some of the opportunities, tensions, and risks encountered in accessing and processing mobile phone data during these inquiries. Our findings reveal several risks associated with current practice alongside broader complexities related to legislation, privatisation, and accreditation. We consider how these intertwined risks and challenges may undermine the reliability of mobile phone evidence and jeopardise criminal justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by pandemic-transformed instruction, this paper examines the digital accessibility of five tech tools used in information literacy sessions, specifically for students who use assistive technologies such as screen readers. The tools are Kahoot!, Mentimeter, Padlet, Jamboard, and Poll Everywhere. First, we provide an overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and digital accessibility definitions, descriptions of screen reading assistive technology, and the current use of tech tools in information literacy instruction for student engagement. Second, we examine accessibility testing assessments of the five tech tools selected for this paper. Our data show that the tools had severe, significant, and minor levels of digital accessibility problems, and while there were some shared issues, most problems were unique to the individual tools. We explore the implications of tech tools' unique environments as well as the importance of best practices and shared vocabularies. We also argue that digital accessibility benefits all users. Finally, we provide recommendations for teaching librarians to collaborate with campus offices to assess and advance the use of accessible tech tools in information literacy instruction, thereby enhancing an equitable learning environment for all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of mobile Internet, more and more readers search for book information through mobile phones and other devices, so how to optimize the efficiency and accuracy of book information search has become an important issue of intelligent library system management. This paper presents a book information search algorithm based on cellular network, which can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of book information search. Based on the existing problems of book information search in the intelligent library system, this paper proposes a book information search algorithm based on cellular network. By assigning the book information to multiple search nodes, the algorithm makes use of the advantages of cellular network to realize efficient search and transmission. At the same time, the improved text similarity algorithm is introduced, which can improve the search efficiency and accuracy by analyzing and processing the keywords searched by users, and can match the readers' search requests and book information records more accurately. The experimental results show that this scheme can improve the search efficiency and data transmission rate of intelligent library system, and provide a new idea and method for the management optimization of intelligent library system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies and social networks have modified the habits of their users, affecting their health and well-being. An exponent of these affectations of daily life is the phenomenon of vamping, this is the habit in which people use their mobile or computer during the night and early morning, with the consequence of symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, and mood swings in those who practice it. In this paper, we propose a scale to assess the tendency to vamping in adults, for its validation in the Argentine context. With a sample of 1004 cases, whose mean age was 44.29 years (SD = 11.73) and a mean age of 18–65 years, with 51.89% (n = 521) being women and 48.11% men (n = 483). The scale showed an adequate consistency for 11 items and two dimensions. The first dimension is nocturnal habits, that is, the tendency to stay up late to surf the Internet and social networks, and the second dimension is behavioural commitment, that is, the affectation and daytime correlate caused by changes in sleep pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of smartphones, a large number of "phubbers" have emerged who are engrossed in their phones regardless of the situation. In response to the potential dangers that phubbers face while traveling, this paper proposes a multimodal danger perception network model and early warning system for phubbers, designed for mobile devices. This proposed model consists of surrounding environment feature extraction, user behavior feature extraction, and multimodal feature fusion and recognition modules. The environmental feature module utilizes MobileNet as the backbone network to extract environmental description features from the rear-view image of the mobile phone. The behavior feature module uses acceleration time series as observation data, maps the acceleration observation data to a two-dimensional image space through GADFs (Gramian Angular Difference Fields), and extracts behavior description features through MobileNet, while utilizing statistical feature vectors to enhance the representation capability of behavioral features. Finally, in the recognition module, the environmental and behavioral characteristics are fused to output the type of hazardous state. Experiments indicate that the accuracy of the proposed model surpasses existing methods, and it possesses the advantages of compact model size (28.36 Mb) and fast execution speed (0.08 s), making it more suitable for deployment on mobile devices. Moreover, the developed image-acceleration multimodal phubber hazard recognition network combines the behavior of mobile phone users with surrounding environmental information, effectively identifying potential hazards for phubbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing urban population and traffic congestion underline the importance of building pedestrian-friendly environments to encourage walking as a preferred mode of transportation. However, a major challenge remains, which is the absence of such pedestrian-friendly walking environments. Identifying locations and routes with high pedestrian concentration is critical for improving pedestrian-friendly walking environments. This paper presents a quantitative method to map pedestrian walking behavior by utilizing real-time data from mobile phone sensors, focusing on the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, as a case study. This holistic method integrates new urban data, such as location-based service (LBS) positioning data, and data clustering with unsupervised machine learning techniques. This study focused on the following three criteria for quantifying walking behavior: walking speed, walking time, and walking direction inside the experimental research context. A novel signal processing method has been used to evaluate speed signals, resulting in the identification of 622 speed clusters using K-means clustering techniques during specific morning and evening hours. This project uses mobile GPS signals and machine learning algorithms to track and classify pedestrian walking activity in crucial sites and routes, potentially improving urban walking through mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of biometric technology, an increasing number of application scenarios require biometric identification systems for identity authentication, such as cell phones, gate control, and banks. The performance and operational efficiency of bioidentification systems directly impact their effectiveness in application scenarios. Traditional bioidentification technology requires a large number of devices and sites to build bioidentification systems. Bioidentification simulation model technology based on lightweight containers can simulate bioidentification systems in different scenarios through virtualization technology, which can save hardware costs while enabling efficient testing and debugging. In this context, improving the operational efficiency of bioidentification simulation models has become an important research direction. In this paper, efficient scheduling technology for a bioidentification simulation model based on lightweight containers is investigated to explore how to use container technology to improve the operational efficiency and security of the bioidentification simulation model to better serve modern bioidentification applications. For a 4-core 4G light load, the results show that the response time based on the resource scheduling strategy was 30 ms and the throughput was 30 requests per second; in contrast, the response time based on the load scheduling strategy was 45 ms, and the throughput was 27 requests per second. The system performance with the resource scheduling strategy under the same load with identical containers was significantly better than that under the load scheduling strategy. By using lightweight container technology, the operational efficiency of the bioidentification simulation model can be effectively improved while also improving the security of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell phone use while walking escalates pedestrian safety risks, particularly among students, given their heavy reliance on these devices. Psychological factors wield significant influence on individual behavior, particularly among adolescents who navigate a blend of rational and social-reactive pathways in decision-making. Therefore, this paper employs the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to scrutinize psychological determinants of students' cell phone use while walking, drawing on data from 368 valid samples. Structural equation modeling (SEM) dissects the impact of psychological constructs on this behavior, highlighting the significance of both the social response and reasoning pathways within PWM. The study comprehensively analyzes direct, indirect, and overall effects of exogenous variables on behavioral intention and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-induced lockdowns have increased the importance of technology in education. Though access to technology as well as availability of the internet remain a major concern for a lot of children in the global south, children with intellectual disabilities are disadvantaged even more as most of the e-content is developed keeping in mind the average learner. Unstructured interviews were conducted with children with intellectual disabilities studying in government schools in Haryana as well as their teachers and parents. Thematic analysis of the interviews was conducted to understand the use-patterns of mobile phones by children with intellectual disabilities. Findings suggest that these children are learning to use mobile phones on their own or with some support and are able to navigate the complexities of these smartphones quite well. They use these devices mostly for their entertainment. This paper then reflects on the need and strategies to develop these technologies in ways that they can be used as effective tools for teaching children with intellectual disabilities, especially in the inclusive education system in developing countries. The paper reflects on the need to develop technology and tools using flexible and exploratory designs to enhance the learning processes for children with intellectual disabilities from the lower income strata. This study highlights the importance of being able to use mobile phones by children with intellectual disabilities belonging to low income families. Following this, the article argues for designing of mobile phones suitable for use by children with intellectual disabilities using playfulness and explorations, and Building e-content keeping the elements of playfulness and exploration which can enhance the learnings of this group of students which is often ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the telecommunication industry has evolved to provide services for new types of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in addition to basic mobile phone or internet services. Topics include the extended reality devices, sensors, and ground and aerial robots, to name a few. With the deployment of these new services, it is difficult for the wireless network to support ubiquitous connections with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.

Introduction: The Patient Reported Outcomes, Burdens, and Experiences (PROBE) questionnaire is a patient‐reported outcome tool that assesses quality of life and disease burden in people with haemophilia (PWH). Aim: To assesses the test–retest reliability of PROBE when completed using the mobile phone application. Methods: We recruited PWH, including carriers, and individuals with no bleeding disorders who attended haemophilia‐related workshops or via social media. Participants completed PROBE three times (twice on the app: T1 and T2, and once on the web, T3). Test–retest reliability was analysed for T1 versus T2 (app to app, time period one) and T2 versus T3 (app to web, time period two). Results: We enrolled 48 participants (median age = 56 [range 27–78] years). Eighteen participants (37.5%) were PWH and seven (14.6%) were carriers. On general health domain questions, we found almost perfect agreement, except for a question on the frequency of use of pain medication in the last 12 months [Kappa coefficient (κ).72 and.37 for time period one and two, respectively] and any use of pain medications (κ.75) for time period two. For haemophilia‐related questions, we found substantial to perfect agreement, except for the questions on the number of joint bleeds in the previous 6 months for time period one (κ.49) and the number of bleeds in the previous two weeks for time period two (κ.34). Conclusions: The results demonstrate the reliability of the PROBE app. The app can be used interchangeably with the paper and web platforms for PROBE administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a growing number of destination countries state authorities have started to use various digital devices such as analysis of data captured from mobile phones to verify asylum seekers' claimed country of origin. This move has prompted some critics to claim that asylum decision-making is increasingly delegated to machines. Based on fieldwork at a reception centre in Germany, this paper mobilises insights from science and technology studies (STS) to develop a framework that allows for more nuanced analyses and modes of critiques of the digitisation of asylum procedures. Rather than thinking human and non-human forms of agency as external to one another in order to juxtapose them in a zero-sum game, I comprehend the introduction of digital technologies as a reconfiguration of existing human-machine configurations. This conception highlights how the use digital technologies enables caseworkers to retain their position as an epistemic authority in asylum decision-making by assembling clues about asylum seekers' country of origin generated by digital technologies into hard juridical evidence. Subsequently, I develop an alternative critique that focuses on epistemic implications of the digitisation of asylum procedures. I identify a particular version of data colonialism that enables epistemic domination by means of data extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature and production of migration statistics are in flux. State bureaucracies are no longer the primary source of migration data. Instead, there are a myriad unofficial data sources and processing collaborations which produce migration and mobility data as a by-product of both commercial and governmental processes. This has implications both for international processes of migration assessment and control, and for states' domestic policies with respect to migrants. This paper brings together migration studies with Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature to take stock of these new data sources' theoretical and empirical implications for both migrants and the links between migration and broader social processes. We identify migration information infrastructures: configurations of data assemblages which involve private and public sector actors, where data originally collected for one purpose (billing customers, sharing social information, sensing environmental change) become repurposed as migration statistics. We explore the implications of such migration information infrastructures for migration researchers: what are the entanglements that such infrastructures bring with them, and what do they mean for the ethics and practicalities of doing migration research? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in the infection, severe disease and death of millions of people worldwide. Fear of infection and severe disease and pandemic, containment measures such as quarantine changed the daily habits of citizens with negative effects on the physical and mental health of them. Aim: The aim of this study was to document the changes in the daily life habits of citizens of a provincial city during the Covid-19 pandemic period, which are associated with the development of diabetes. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire constructed following a review of the literature and was distributed in paper and electronic form (google forms). Snowball sampling technique was used. Results: The sample consisted of 170 adult citizens (age >18 years). Results showed that habits that changed during the pandemic period and were associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes were coffee consumption (34.1% of participants consumed more coffee in the pandemic), sleep duration (34.7% of participants slept less in the pandemic), physical activity (47.7% of participants played less sport in the pandemic), smoking (33, 3% of participants smoked more in the pandemic), duration of mobile phone use (41.1% of participants used mobile phones more in the pandemic) and stress level (60% of participants were more stressed in the pandemic). It was also found that better health habits during the pandemic were associated with better health status of participants (p=0.008). Conclusions: People's daily habits were modified during the pandemic period by both fear of the disease and restrictive protective measures. These changes are associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes and appropriate preventive measures should be promoted when designing health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to highlight potential gender differences in paraphilic interest in women and men. Thus, paraphilic interests such as sexual sadism, sexual masochism, fetishism, and urophilia were targeted. The study was started in the period between 2022-2023, during which a sample of 224 participants of woman and man was selected of which 108 men and 116 women aged between 18 and 48 years. The data were collected with the Questionnaire on paraphilic disorders by accessing the participation link or by scanning a QR code with mobile phones in compliance with the norms of ethics and deontology. The obtained results indicated the existence of significant gender differences in terms of paraphilic-type interests. Men showed a significantly higher interest in sexual interests such as sexual sadism and urophilia. By comparison, women presented significantly higher sexual interests than men in terms of masochistic interests. Regarding fetishist interest, no significant gender differences were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Providing hands-on practical education without access to laboratories during the Covid-19 pandemic has required creativity and innovation. In this paper, co-authored by academic staff and students, we describe an at-home mobile phone-based 'spectrophotometer' experiment used in an introductory undergraduate biology course. Using colour picker apps, a smartphone can be used to quantify concentration, which was used to compare the strengths of different brands of tea. The protocol is designed to be low-cost and safe to perform outside of a laboratory. Students used the methods to learn important biochemical methods such as preparing dilutions, constructing calibration curves, normalising data and testing a hypothesis. We reflect on the experience of developing and using the protocol from a staff and student perspective, which highlights the advantages of this approach in terms of student independence and inclusivity. We also suggest alternative experiments that could be performed using the protocol. We encourage biology educators to think creatively about the possibilities for using mobile phones or at-home experiments in their teaching. Our experience suggests that at-home experiments like this protocol will have value even after the pandemic is over, particularly in terms of inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstrip patch antennas are becoming increasingly popular because they are small, have low profiles, are easy to integrate, are very cheap, and work well. For this reason, this antenna could be used for wireless communication systems. This research paper reviews and studies 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. Different substrate materials have been used to make these antennas, such as FR-4 (loss), FR-4 Epoxy, Rogers RT/droid 5880, TLC-30, Rogers RT/droid 5880 LZ, and others. Different substrate materials and shapes were used to make microstrip patch antennas with a frequency of 28 GHz. This article discusses the different sizes of antennas, the other geometric shapes antennas can take, the different ways antennas' properties can be analyzed, and the different types of antennas. It will also talk about the material, thickness, loss tangent, return loss, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, efficiency, and directivity of the substrate. This antenna is used for super-high-frequency (SHF), radars, commercial wireless local area networks (LANs), cell phones, and other wireless communications systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data that is collected at the individual-level from mobile phones is typically aggregated to the population-level for privacy reasons. If we are interested in answering questions regarding the mean, or working with groups appropriately modeled by a continuum, then this data is immediately informative. However, coupling such data regarding a population to a model that requires information at the individual-level raises a number of complexities. This is the case if we aim to characterize human mobility and simulate the spatial and geographical spread of a disease by dealing in discrete, absolute numbers. In this work, we highlight the hurdles faced and outline how they can be overcome to effectively leverage the specific dataset: Google COVID-19 Aggregated Mobility Research Dataset (GAMRD). Using a case study of Western Australia, which has many sparsely populated regions with incomplete data, we firstly demonstrate how to overcome these challenges to approximate absolute flow of people around a transport network from the aggregated data. Overlaying this evolving mobility network with a compartmental model for disease that incorporated vaccination status we run simulations and draw meaningful conclusions about the spread of COVID-19 throughout the state without de-anonymizing the data. We can see that towns in the Pilbara region are highly vulnerable to an outbreak originating in Perth. Further, we show that regional restrictions on travel are not enough to stop the spread of the virus from reaching regional Western Australia. The methods explained in this paper can be therefore used to analyze disease outbreaks in similarly sparse populations. We demonstrate that using this data appropriately can be used to inform public health policies and have an impact in pandemic responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile smart devices, such as mobile phones, wearable devices, and in-vehicle navigation systems, bring us convenience and have become necessities in modern daily life. The built-in global positioning system (GPS) of these mobile devices collects the users' mobility data to support path planning, navigation and other location-related applications, which also inevitably causes privacy issues. Previous research has shown that employing count-min sketch (CMS) to aggregate mobility datasets is a valid privacy-preserving method for resisting the reconstruction attack on population distributions. However, as the utility/accessibility of the protected datasets is excessively correlated with the size of CMS, decreasing the data transmission cost has become an unsolved issue of that approach. In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme with differential privacy to protect mobility datasets, which releases the privacy-preserving population distributions and achieves better utility as well as a much smaller data transmission cost compared to the CMS-based method. Our proposed scheme is comprised of two collaborative components, global sketch and temporal sketch. The global sketch is responsible for aggregating the raw mobility data and decreasing the data transmission cost, while the temporal sketch is in charge of guaranteeing the utility of the population distributions aggregated by the global sketch. Besides, to enhance the privacy preservation, we employ the Laplace mechanism to make the transmitted data satisfy ϵ -differential privacy. Through our analysis and empirical experiments, compared to the other three state-of-the-art privacy-preserving methods on mobility datasets, our scheme could preserve the privacy of the mobility datasets with much less data transmission cost under the same utility loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an emergency, it is necessary to quickly disseminate messages to the public. These communications often provide information about the emergency as well as guidance or advice aimed at ensuring the safety of the population. Successful emergency communication depends upon how rapidly and reliably a message can be disseminated, but also on how people respond to the message that they receive. To assist emergency planners tasked with developing message sets for future incidents, in this paper we report a systematic review of all studies that assessed the impact of mobile telephone alerting systems on intended and actual behaviour, to identify factors that affect their likely impact. We searched multiple databases and conferred with topic experts, resulting in a total of 22 studies which met the inclusion criteria. Our results indicate that limited data exist on how people respond to text-based warning messages and that much of the data is poor quality, indicating a need for more real-world studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Delays in case-based surveillance are a significant obstacle to eliminating malaria. This study aims to optimise the current electronic malaria information system (eMIS), which uses an eMIS android-based mobile. Method: Qualitative research was conducted in the Lahat District, South Sumatra Province. We select informants directly involved in, or playing a role in, malaria control activities, such as program managers at community health centres (Puskemas) and health services. The system is built using the Framework for the Application of Systems Techniques (FAST), a structured method for analysing complex systems. It helps professionals break down problems, uncover hidden relationships, and make better decisions. FAST is widely used in engineering, project management, and business process optimisation to tackle complex challenges and improve problem-solving. Results: The paper revealed suggestions for designing and optimising the current eMIS. One recommended method for overcoming the obstacles is to optimise an eMIS Android-based mobile for malaria reporting. Eight key informants participated in the interviews. The main obstacles by key informants are the free time available for giving deep information and annoyance from outside during interviews due to their other activities. Hence, the researchers made appointments with informants and interviewed in a particular room, not the informant's office. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that eMIS android-based mobile is a better refinement of the current eMIS based on PC to support malaria surveillance for malaria elimination programs in an endemic area. Data entry with an eMIS android-based mobile is faster, more accurate, and allows real-time collaboration, outperforming sheet applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to design a Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) generating multi stop-band and having the property of a large scanning angle from a mixed polarization insensitivity structure for GPS, PCS, WiFi, IEEE S-band radar, 5G mobile phones, (802.11j) WLAN applications. To fulfill the objective, a hexa band-stop FSS has been developed using a novel symmetrical structure with a compact dimension of 0.095 λ 0 × 0.095 λ 0 , where λ 0 is the wavelength of free space at 1st resonant frequency. The proposed FSS covers a broad scanning angle of 60 0 for shielding electromagnetic wave radiation and smaller resonant frequency ratio ( f n + 1 / f n ) to improve compactness under TE and TM polarizations. The six achieved stop frequency bands are 1.36 GHz–1.56 GHz, 1.66 GHz–1.99 GHz, 2.34 GHz–2.46 GHz, 3.08 GHz–3.42 GHz, 3.6 GHz–4.12 GHz and 4.5 GHz–5 GHz for improving shielding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce LagunAR, a mobile outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) application for providing heritage information and 3D visualization on a city scale. The LagunAR application was developed to provide historical information about the city of La Laguna in the XVI century, when it was the main city in the Canary Islands. The application provides a reconstructed 3D model of the city at that time that is shown on a mobile phone over-imposed on the actual city using geolocation. The geolocated position is used also for providing information of several points of interest in the city. The paper describes the design and implementation of the application and details the optimization techniques that have been used to manage the full information of the city using a mobile phone as a sensor and visualization tool. We explain the application usability study carried out using a heuristic test; in addition it is probed by users in a qualitative user test developed as preliminary research. Results show that it is possible to develop a real-time application that shows the user a city-scale 3D model and also manages the information of the points of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers' aim to quantitatively study the impacts of education, health expenditure, Internet, mobile phone, and open-access articles in medical science on women's health in China. We found that there are very strong significant negative correlations between the data of women's mortality rates and female school enrollment (p≪0.01), whereas there are strong significant negative correlations for open-access papers in eight disciplines of medical science, individuals using the Internet, and mobile cellular subscriptions (p≪0.01). The first principal component explains 96.8%, 96.6%, and 99.6% of the variation in the mortality rate of female infants (p = 0.002 < 0.01), females under-5 (p = 0.003 < 0.01), and female adults (p = 0.002 < 0.01), respectively. There is a similar relationship between open-access medical papers and women's health. The above results could be helpful to interdisciplinary audiences (patients, practitioners, and policymakers) to develop strategies for the effective implementation of knowledge on women's health (how to disseminate knowledge more effectively in the whole society). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of mobile intelligence and wearable computing promotes the rise of quantified-self. Users quantify themselves and realize self-tracking and self-cognition through the connection between mobile phone terminals and wearable computing devices. The characteristics of immersive quantified information design in the convergence mode of mobile intelligence and wearable computing attract many users to immerse into it. Based on the stimulus-body-response (S-O-R) model, this paper constructs an influence mechanism model that affects the immersive experience of quantified-self and adopts empirical research methods. This paper analyzes the influence of the information platform and content characteristics (interaction, ease of use, usefulness, entertainment) of the convergence of mobile intelligence and wearable computing on users' immersive experience of quantified-self and the moderating effect of privacy concern and potential affordance on immersive experience and continuous participation. The results show that interaction, ease of use, usefulness, and entertainment all have a significant impact on users' quantified-self immersive experience, and the influence is in the order of usefulness>ease of use>entertainment>interaction. Potential affordance and privacy concerns play a significant role in regulating the state of immersion and continuous participation. The conclusion of this study not only analyzes the influencing factors of users' immersive experience of quantified-self from the characteristics of the convergence of mobile intelligence and wearable computing but also analyzes the relationship between users' immersive experience of quantified-self and continuous participation from the perspective of potential affordance and privacy concerns. It provides opinions and suggestions for the interaction design and user information management of the convergence of mobile intelligence and wearable computing and has practical reference significance for related enterprises to improve user stickiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic increased demands for respiratory disease testing to facilitate treatment and limit transmission, demonstrating in the process that most existing test options were too complex and expensive to perform in point-of-care or home scenarios. Lab-based molecular techniques can detect viral RNA in respiratory illnesses but are expensive and require trained personnel, while affordable antigen-based home tests lack sensitivity for early detection in newly infected or asymptomatic individuals. The few home RNA detection tests deployed were prohibitively expensive. Here, we demonstrate a point-of-care, paper-based rapid analysis device that simultaneously detects multiple viral RNAs; it is demonstrated on two common respiratory viruses (COVID-19 and influenza A) spiked onto a commercial nasal swab. The automated device requires no sample preparation by the user after insertion of the swab, minimizing user operation steps. We incorporated lyophilized amplification reagents immobilized in a porous matrix, a novel thermally actuated valve for multiplexed fluidic control, a printed circuit board that performs on-device lysis and amplification within a cell-phone-sized disposable device. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) products are visualized via fluorescent dyes using a modified cell phone, resulting in detection of as few as 104 viral copies per swab across both pathogens within 30 minutes. This integrated platform could be commercialized in a form that would be inexpensive, portable, and sensitive; it can readily be multiplexed to detect as many as 8 different RNA or DNA sequences, and adapted to any desired RNA or DNA detection assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the distribution pattern of SAR1g within the adult male head during utilization of hands-free operation of contemporary mobile phones as a source of electromagnetic radiation. The research assesses the optimal positioning of the mobile phone by examining three distinct orientations to determine the minimal SAR1g distribution compared to the conventional talking position when hands-free feature is not utilized. The analysis encompasses GSM bands operating at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, depending on the alignment between the mobile phone and the head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancement in mobile phone (MP) technology has revolutionized the lifestyle. In recent years, we observed that MP technology had been involved in almost all aspects of life, such as communication purposes, e-commerce, mobile baking, and social media connectivity. So, it becomes a hot research topic to select the best MP that fulfills the desired feathers requirement. In this paper, the expert's familiarity with the examined objects is factored into the initial judgments under the T-spherical fuzzy sets (T-SFSs) environment. The T-SFS is the extension of the picture fuzzy (PF) set (PFS), which gives wider scope for finding the most precise options than existing fuzzy frameworks. The multiattribute decision-making (MADM) is a common and valuable method for aggregating information. For MADM, various aggregation operators (AOs) have been created over the years. The article introduces the newly proposed approach T-spherical fuzzy (T-SF) confidence level weighted averaging T − SFWA c and T-SF confidence level weighted geometric T − SFWG c . Also, some desired properties of AOs are discussed, and the T-SF entropy measure is introduced for selecting the weight criteria. A MADM framework is introduced, on the behalf of proposed operators. The proposed MADM framework is applied to solve the real-life example of consumers' preferences to show effectiveness and practicality. Lastly, the developed framework is set side by side with other prevailing approaches to demonstrate the superiority and significance of other existing AOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis of single-point GPS positioning results obtained from smartphones, using code observations on the L1 and L5 frequencies. In this research we used two Huawei P30 Pro mobile phones and one geodetic receiver (Javad Alpha) acting as the reference receiver. Smartphones were placed at an equal distance of 0.5 m from this receiver. Such a close distance was specially planned by the authors in order to achieve identical observation conditions. Thus, it was possible to compare the accuracy of GPS positioning using pseudoranges on the L1 and L5 frequencies for individual observation epochs. The analysis was carried out from static GPS positioning, using the results from the open-source RTKLib software. In general, the usefulness of code measurements on the L5 frequency to determine the GPS position made it possible to increase the accuracy by several times with respect to the positions determined using the C/A code on the L1 frequency. Average errors of horizontal and vertical coordinates were about 70 % lower for the GPS solution using the L5 code observations than using the L1 code observations. Based on statistical analysis, a horizontal accuracy of about 0.45 m and vertical accuracy of about 1.8 m (STDEV) with only five GPS satellites may be obtained using a smartphone with L5 code observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the Motor Transport Institute's research to set out road safety indicators of behaviors and opinions on one of the increasingly important road traffic problems. Two types of studies on the unsafe use of mobile phones and others on board devices (distraction) by road users in Poland between 2014 and 2023 are presented. Safety Performance Indicators (SPI) on handheld mobile phone use from roadside observations and declared opinions on talking, reading messages, checking social media/news, and listening to headphones while driving, cycling, and walking are presented. Overall, 306,240 passenger car drivers observed on all road types all week long in Poland showed a dropping trend (1.8%) between before the study in 2014 SPI 4.1% distracted drivers to SPI 2.3% after the study in 2022. More drivers used mobile phones on single carriageways both in built-up and outside built-up areas. On motorways outside built-up areas, where vehicles are speeding, drivers of passenger cars rarely talk on their handheld mobiles. Results from the first European Union (EU) Baseline project to collect road indicators produced a Key Performance Indicator of 3.8% distracted passenger car (all types of roads, all weekdays and weekend) from 44,011 observed in Poland in 2021. Results from the EU project E-Survey on Road Users' Attitude, third edition (ESRA3), showed declared opinions of mobile use while driving, cycling, and walking down the street in Poland in 2023 compared to 2018 (ESRA2). A positive trend is seen among car drivers who declared lower use of handheld mobile phones than in 2018 (a drop of 11.2%). The survey showed Polish cyclist used more often headphones to listen to music, checked news and messages than cyclists in Europe in 2023. More by 10.1% pedestrians in Europe than in Poland declared checking social media/news, reading messages/emailing while walking down the street in 2023. This lower rate in Poland can be explained by pedestrian's legal prohibition of mobile phone use while crossing the street since 2021. There is strong support for policy measures forbidding all drivers of motorized vehicles to use handheld mobile phone use while driving in all of Europe. Enforcement measures are twice as strong in Europe than in Poland. As the number of accidents and fatalities on distraction is unknown, calculating SPI during roadside observations and questionnaire surveys gives in-depth knowledge of the problem. The authors of the paper represent the Motor Transport Institute's (MTI's) research institution, which systematically analyzes trends in road safety in Poland during its own, national, and international projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones have become almost ubiquitous, including the lives of parents of young children. This paper examined the question of how parents with young children living in Norway perceive their phone usage. Twelve parents were interviewed individually about situations and for what purposes they used their phones, whether they had discussed mobile media with others and how they felt about it. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Parentsreported using their phones mainly for information seeking and communication and networking in their role as parents. Mobile phones were evaluated as positive or helpful to parents. However, situations that were deemed to require parents’ focused attention,such as playing or book-reading were considered inappropriate for using mobile phones, as were mealtimes. Situations in which children were occupied with playing or watching TV were considered acceptable for using mobile phones. Visitsto the playground seemed controversial and situational. Being present emerged as a major theme of good parenting and even though brief and important usages of the phone were considered somewhat acceptable while with children, many parents reported feeling guilty about their usage. Several usage reduction strategies were described such as muting the phone or certain notifications or putting the phone away. Despite national guidelines recommending the topic, the majority had not received information about parentalscreen use fromhealth care personnel. In contrast,manyhad discussed the topic with friends and family members, sometimes controversially. The results are briefly discussed in light of the previous research and the societal conditions in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna pair for 5G cell phones. The antenna pair consists of two planar concave antenna elements that are tightly arranged on a vertical substrate. By adding capacitors to form a resonant network, an additional operating mode is excited, resulting in dual‐band performance. The resonant frequency of the additional mode can be adjusted independently by changing the capacitance value. Moreover, a neutralization line is used to improve the isolation of the high band without affecting the low band. The antenna pair occupies a small area of 13.2 × 6.3 mm2 and operates at both 3.5 and 4.85 GHz bands. The isolations are better than 17 dB at the 3.5 GHz band and better than 19 dB at the 4.85 GHz band. The proposed dual‐band antenna pair might be a good choice for 5G terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is an ageing population in Europe which acts as an increasingly influential social and economic force, there remains limited scholarship concerning the involvement of older people in research. This paper responds to the question of how visual participatory research engages older people through three illustrative case studies, set in England and Italy, all of which incorporated different visual elements within their participatory design. These cases highlight; the value of the visual as a trigger for memories as an entry point for research discussions, that the sharing of experiences is facilitated by both the participatory and visual elements of the approach and that greater engagement is forthcoming once trust is established through the socialisation of older research participants. Reflections and good practice suggestions are offered to other qualitative researchers on the practicalities of adopting this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]