7 results
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2. Turning Movement Count Data Integration Methods for Intersection Analysis and Traffic Signal Design.
- Author
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Shokrolah Shirazi, Mohammad, Chang, Hung-Fu, and Tayeb, Shahab
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TRAFFIC signs & signals , *TRAVEL time (Traffic engineering) , *TRAFFIC signal control systems , *TRAFFIC engineering , *DATA integration , *CONFIDENCE intervals ,TRAFFIC flow measurement - Abstract
Traffic simulation is widely used for modeling, planning, and analyzing different strategies for traffic control and road development in a cost-efficient manner. In order to perform an intersection simulation, random vehicle trip data are typically applied to an intersection network, making them unrealistic. In this paper, we address this issue by presenting two different methods of incorporating actual turning movement count (TMC) data and comparing their similarity for intersection simulation and analysis. The TMC of three intersections in Las Vegas are estimated separately for one hour using a developed vision-based tracking system and they are incorporated into Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) for estimating traffic measurements and traffic signal design. t-tests with a 95% confidence interval on the simulation variables demonstrate the importance of using a route-based creation method which injects vehicles into a simulation environment based on the frame-level departure time. The intersection analyses and comparisons are performed based on estimated traffic measurements such as travel time, density, lane density, occupancy, and normalized waiting time. Since the critical edge of each intersection network is identified based on a higher normalized waiting time, new traffic signal designs are suggested based on the actual critical turning movements and improvements in vehicle travel time are achieved to better accommodate the actual traffic demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Real-time control of active distribution network for secondary frequency control: Design and experimental validation.
- Author
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Thapa, Jitendra and Ben-Idris, Mohammed
- Subjects
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BATTERY storage plants , *REAL-time control , *POWER resources , *ELECTRICAL load , *AUTOMATIC control systems - Abstract
Although several approaches have been proposed in the literature to utilize inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) in the secondary frequency control (SFC), challenges related to practically implementing SFC with inverter-based DERs have not been considered. These challenges include response time of DERs, the communication environment, and emulation of the actual Automatic Generation Control (AGC). This paper develops and implements a coordinated operation and control for below the substation resources such as inverter-based DERs and a utility-scale battery energy storage system (USBESS) to participate in the secondary frequency control. A linearized optimization problem is formulated to simultaneously determine optimal setpoints of participating resources and satisfy AGC requests in real time for the secondary frequency control. To mimic the actual process of AGC, a hardware- and software-in-the-loop-based experimental setup is developed with the integration of real-time digital simulators (RTDS), a centralized controller at the substation, and gateways as IoT devices, which are commonly used in practice to interface DERs to control and monitoring systems. The controller remains in listening mode until it receives an AGC signal. When it receives an AGC signal, it optimally dispatches the USBESS and DERs and monitors the change in power flow at the substation. The controller iteratively dispatches the participating resources considering their response time until the AGC request is satisfied. The proposed control is implemented on an actual feeder configuration located in Las Vegas, Nevada, in collaboration with NV Energy—the largest public utility in Nevada. The results illustrate that USBESS and DERs can be coordinated and dispatched to satisfy AGC requests for SFC. • Novel linearized optimization-based secondary frequency controller • High fidelity prototype for practical implementation of AGC on real system • Combined hardware-and software-in-the-loop-based real-time laboratory setup for AGC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Cannabis retailer marketing strategies and regulatory compliance: A surveillance study of retailers in 5 US cities.
- Author
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Berg, Carla J., Romm, Katelyn F., Pannell, Alexandria, Sridharan, Priyanka, Sapra, Tanvi, Rajamahanty, Aishwarya, Cui, Yuxian, Wang, Yan, Yang, Y. Tony, and Cavazos-Rehg, Patricia A.
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CITIES & towns , *SOCIAL media , *REGULATORY compliance , *MARKETING strategy , *ONLINE shopping - Abstract
• Cannabis retail surveillance is crucial to inform regulations and protect consumers. • Among 150 US retailers in 2022, >90% verified age, but 20.7% had youth-oriented signs. • Required health warnings was absent in many cities, but 28.7% posted health claims. • Product availability, potency, and prices varied, and >75% had price promotions. • Differing practices across cities reflected both distinct laws and enforcement gaps. As cannabis retail expands in the US, its surveillance is crucial to inform regulations and protect consumers. This study addresses this need by conducting point-of-sale audits examining regulatory compliance (e.g., age verification, signage), advertising/promotional strategies, products, and pricing among 150 randomly-selected cannabis retailers in 5 US cities (30/city: Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Las Vegas, Nevada; Los Angeles, California) in Summer 2022. Descriptive and bivariate analyses characterized the retailers overall and across cities. Age verification rates were high (>90%). The majority of retailers had signage indicating restricted access (e.g., no minors; 87.3%), onsite consumption (73.3%), and distribution to minors (53.3%). Retailers were likely to post warnings regarding use during pregnancy/breastfeeding (72.0%), followed by health risks (38.0%), impacts on children/youth (18.7%), and DUI (14.0%). Overall, 28.7% posted health claims, 20.7% posted youth-oriented signage, and 18.0% had youth-oriented packaging. Price promotions were prevalent, particularly price specials (75.3%), daily/weekly/monthly specials (66.7%), and membership programs (39.3%). One-fourth had signs/promotions indicating curbside delivery/pick-up (28.0%) and/or online ordering (25.3%); 64.7% promoted their website or social media page. The most potent cannabis products were most often e-liquids (38.0%) or oils (24.7%); the least potent were often edibles (53.0%). The most expensive product was often bud/flower (58.0%); the least was joints (54.0%). The vast majority (≥81%) sold vaporizers, wrapping papers, and hookah/waterpipes/bongs, and 22.6% sold CBD products. Marketing strategies differed across cities, reflecting differences in state-specific regulations and/or gaps in compliance/enforcement. Findings underscore the need for ongoing cannabis retail surveillance to inform future regulatory and enforcement efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. FIESTA5: Numerical high-performance Feynman integral evaluation.
- Author
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Smirnov, A.V., Shapurov, N.D., and Vysotsky, L.I.
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FEYNMAN integrals , *NUMERICAL integration , *COMPLEX numbers , *HARD disks , *PROGRAMMING languages - Abstract
In this paper we present a new release of the FIESTA program (Feynman Integral Evaluation by a Sector decomposiTion Approach). FIESTA5 is performance-oriented — we implemented improvements of various kinds in order to make Feynman integral evaluation faster. We plugged in two new integrators, the Quasi Monte Carlo and Tensor Train. At the same time the old code of FIESTA4 was upgraded to the C++17 standard and mostly rewritten without self-made structures such as hash tables. There are also several essential improvements which are most relevant for complex integrations — the new release is capable of producing results where previously impossible. Program title: FIESTA5 CPC Library link to program files: https://doi.org/10.17632/kyzw4zkwsd.2 Developer's repository link: https://bitbucket.org/feynmanIntegrals/fiesta Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: Wolfram Mathematica 8.0 or higher, C++ Supplementary material: The article, usage instructions in the program package, https://bitbucket.org/feynmanIntegrals/fiesta Journal Reference of previous version: A.V. Smirnov, FIESTA4: Optimized Feynman integral calculations with GPU support, Comput. Phys. Commun. 204 (2016) 189–199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.03.013 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Reasons for the new version: The code was not able to produce results in some cases where the competitive code, pySecDec could; moreover we were not happy with the performance of the algorithm having multiple inefficient parts of the code. Summary of revisions: New integrators, improved sector decomposition strategies, improvement of contour transformation algorithm, code optimization especially in physical regions (might be 100 times faster or more), possibility to work in some situations where previously impossible, update of the code to modern standard. Nature of problem: Sector decomposition is a well-known approach to the numerical evaluation of Feynman integrals. Feynman integrals in 4 space-time dimension are divergent and have to be regulated. Sector decomposition is used to resolve pole singularities and consists of different stages — sector decomposition itself, contour transformation (in case of physical kinematics meaning base functions changing sign therefore leading to integration in complex numbers), pole resolution, epsilon expansion and numerical integration. Solution method: Most stages are performed in Wolfram Mathematica [1] (required version is 8.0 or higher), this part is parallelized by the use of Mathematica subkelnels in shared memory. As a result a database on hard disk is produced with the use of the KyotoCabinet [2] database engine. The integration stage is written in C++ and can be run on personal computers as well as on supercomputers via MPI. It can make use of installed graphical processor units. As default integrator we use Vegas from the Cuba library [3], but also it can be switched to QMC [4] or Tensor Train [5]. The mimalloc memory allocator [6] can be used for improved performance. Additional comments including restrictions and unusual features: The complexity of the problem is mostly restricted by CPU time required to perform the integration and to obtain the desired precision. [1] http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/ , commercial algebraic software. [2] http://fallabs.com/kyotocabinet/ , open source. [3] http://www.feynarts.de/cuba/ , open source. [4] https://github.com/mppmu/qmc/ , open source. [5] https://bitbucket.org/vysotskylev/c-tt-library , open source. [6] https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc.git , open source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Specialization or diversification: A theoretical analysis for tourist cities.
- Author
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Gu, Xinhua, Sheng, Li, and Lei, ChunKwok
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CASINOS , *URBAN planning , *CONSUMER preferences , *RECLAMATION of land , *ECONOMIC structure - Abstract
This paper uses a theoretical approach to investigate the polarization of economic structure in Macao as a reflection of its increased specialization in casino tourism. Las Vegas is used as a benchmark city, with its tourism diversification ending up with less gaming and more non-gaming activity. We show that push factors are crucial for Macao but pull factors are important to Las Vegas due to different market conditions, such as tourism amenities and customer preferences. We also find that it is infeasible and inadvisable for Macao to pursue Vegas-style diversity. Our prediction points to the sustainable polarized growth of casino tourism in Macao. These theoretical results are confirmed in Macao as the construction of new resort properties and the upgrading of current casino assets have accentuated rather than mitigated the structural polarization of its hospitality industry. However, over-tourism along with social costs of casino gambling requires Macao to revise its urban planning substantially to quicken land reclamation, deepen regional cooperation, and strengthen horizontal diversification. • push factors crucial for Macao; pull factors important in Las Vegas; technical support for urban planning by the models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Costs and Consequences of Traffic Fines and Fees: A Case Study of Open Warrants in Las Vegas, Nevada.
- Author
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Kamanga, Foster, Smercina, Virginia, Brents, Barbara G., Okamura, Daniel, and Fuentes, Vincent
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POVERTY , *TRAFFIC violations , *MASS incarceration , *LEGAL costs - Abstract
Traffic stops and tickets often have far-reaching consequences for poor and marginalized communities, yet resulting fines and fees increasingly fund local court systems. This paper critically explores who bears the brunt of traffic fines and fees in Nevada, historically one of the fastest growing and increasingly diverse states in the nation, and one of thirteen US states to prosecute minor traffic violations as criminal misdemeanors rather than civil infractions. Drawing on legislative histories, we find that state legislators in Nevada increased fines and fees to raise revenues. Using descriptive statistics to analyze the 2012–2020 open arrest warrants extracted from the Las Vegas Municipal Court, we find that 58.6% of all open warrants are from failure to pay tickets owing to administrative-related offenses—vehicle registration and maintenance, no license or plates, or no insurance. Those issued warrants for failure to pay are disproportionately for people who are Black and from the poorest areas in the region. Ultimately, the Nevada system of monetary traffic sanctions criminalizes poverty and reinforces racial disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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