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The oxidation corrosion of metallic plutonium, intentional or unavoidable, is a crucial issue for its actual applications. However, the atomistic mechanisms behind such oxidation remain elusive. Through a systematic first principles study of the oxygen diffusion in plutonium dioxide, sesquioxide, and their interface, we obtained some dynamic parameters of oxygen diffusion in different oxides. Moreover, we also discovered a dynamic equilibrium and an anisotropic pathway that prefers the [001] crystallographic direction for oxygen diffusion at their interface. These conclusions were in accord with the experimental results of ceria oxides, an ideal analogue of the plutonium oxides with 4f electrons. These results help us to better understand the mechanisms of oxidation corrosion of plutonium at an atomistic level, and to reveal prospects for applications of the anisotropic orientation-relevant fluorite-structured oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of machine learning methods to predict intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. IVH is a common complication of preterm birth and is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study used electronic medical records and antenatal data to develop a predictive model for IVH. The model achieved good accuracy and stability, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88. The study identified several important risk factors for IVH, including gestational age, birth weight, hepatitis B and C infection, and red cell distribution width. However, the study has limitations, including being a single-center study and potential selection bias. Further research is needed to validate and improve the predictive model. [Extracted from the article]

Lamprophyre is one of the most important probes to understand the enrichment and depletion processes of the lithospheric evolution. Determining the age and petrogenesis of lamprophyres could provide critical data for deducing the timing and process of lithospheric revolution of the Sulu Orogenic Belt (SOB) and North China Craton (NCC). In this study, the Taolin lamprophyre in SOB was delineated by zircon U–Pb dating with the ages of 126 Ma. This lamprophyre is characterized by high contents of SiO2 and total alkali contents (Na2O + K2O), low Mg# value, low contents of total Fe2O3, MgO, and compatible elements, enriched in LREE and LILE but strong depleted in HFSE, as well as enriched Sr–Nd and depleted Pb isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.707757 to 0.708048, εNd(t) = – 13.0 to – 12.7, 206Pb/204Pb(t) ratios of 16.934 to 17.000, 207Pb/204Pb(t) of 15.435 to 15.442, and 208Pb/204Pb(t) of 37.682 to 37.706). Interpretations of whole-rock elemental data suggest the Taolin lamprophyre was derived from 1% to 5% partial melting of spinel peridotite; and MELTS modelling indicates fractional crystallization of ~16.7% orthopyroxene and ~16.6% clinopyroxene under 1.5 Gbar. Based on the analyses of Neoproterozoic relic zircons and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic components of the Taolin lamprophyre and adjacent lamprophyres, we put forwards that there are several subducted crustal materials were trapped into the SOB lithospheric mantle, and the magma source of these lamprophyres might have experienced metasomatic processes not only by the hydrous fluids derived from the subducting Paleo–Pacific oceanic crust in the Jurassic, but also by melts derived from partial melting of the subducting South China continental crust in the Triassic. A geodynamic trigger for generation of the Taolin lamprophyre is proposed to be related to lithospheric thinning coupled with asthenospheric upwelling beneath the North China Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health problems in neonates with gestational age (GA) ≥ 32 weeks remain a major medical concern. Respiratory distress (RD) is one of the common reasons for admission of neonates with GA ≥ 32 weeks. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) represents a crucial approach to treat RD, and currently, the most used NIV modes in neonatal intensive care unit include high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Although extensive evidence supports the use of NIPPV in neonates with a GA < 32 weeks, limited data exist regarding its effectiveness in neonates with GA ≥ 32 weeks. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy of HFNC, CPAP, and NIPPV as primary NIV in neonates with GA ≥ 32 weeks who experience RD. Methods: This trial is designed as an assessor-blinded, three-arm, multi-center, parallel, randomized controlled trial, conducted in neonates ≥ 32 weeks' GA requiring primary NIV in the first 24 h of life. The neonates will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: HFNC, CPAP or NIPPV group. The effectiveness, safety and comfort of NIV will be evaluated. The primary outcome is the occurrence of treatment failure within 72 h after enrollment. Secondary outcomes include death before discharge, surfactant treatment within 72 h after randomization, duration of both noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, time to achieve full enteral nutrition, necrotizing enterocolitis, duration of admission, cost of admission, air leak syndrome, nasal trauma, and comfort score. Discussion: Currently, there is a paucity of data regarding the utilization of NIPPV in neonates with GA ≥ 32 weeks. This study will provide clinical evidence for the development of respiratory treatment strategies in neonates at GA ≥ 32 weeks with RD, with the aim of minimizing the incidence of tracheal intubation and reducing the complications associated with NIV. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300069192. Registered on March 9, 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=171491. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pore fluids control the diagenetic processes and storage spaces of deep clastic rock reservoirs and have become a major area of interest within the fields of sedimentology and petroleum geology. This paper aims to relate the diagenetic processes of the Oligocene Zhuhai sandstones in the Baiyun Sag to pore fluids varying with burial depth. The types and distribution patterns of authigenic minerals are investigated through analysis of petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical features to illustrate the origin and flow patterns of pore fluids and their influences on reservoir diagenesis. Strong cementation of eogenetic carbonate cement near the sandstone–mudstone interface was a consequence of material migration from adjacent mudstones on a large scale. The pore fluids were mainly affected by microbial methanogenesis and carbonate mineral dissolution in adjacent mudstones during eogenesis. The pore fluids were diffusively transported in a relatively open geochemical system within a local range. Support for this model is provided by the heavier stable isotopic values present in eogenetic calcite and dolomite. Feldspar dissolution during early mesogenesis was spatially accompanied by the precipitation of authigenic quartz and ferroan carbonate cement. Pore fluids in this period were rich in organic acids and CO2, and their migration mechanism was diffusive transport. The obviously lighter carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ferroan calcite support this inference. During late mesogenesis, the input of deep hydrothermal fluid might have been partly responsible for the precipitation of ankerite, barite and authigenic albite. Oil charging may have inhibited carbonate cementation and compaction, accordingly preserving porosity, and together with authigenic kaolinite, might have promoted the transition of the reservoir from water wet to oil wet to the benefit of oil entrapment. The findings reported here shed new light on the evaluation and prediction of sandstone reservoirs that have experienced multiple periods of fluid flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demethylthio is one of the most important ways for microorganisms to metabolize triazine herbicides. Previous studies have found that the initial reaction of prometryn catabolism in Leucobacter triazinivorans JW-1 was the hydroxylation of its methylthio group, however, the corresponding functional enzyme was not yet clear. In this study, the gene proA was responsible for the initial step of prometryn catabolism from the strain JW-1 was cloned and expressed, and the purified amidohydrolases ProA have the ability to transform prometryn to 2-hydroxypropazine and methanethiol. The optimized reaction temperature and pH of ProA were 45 °C and 7.0, respectively, and the kinetic constants K m and V max of ProA for the catalysis of prometryn were 32.6 μM and 0.09 μmol/min/mg, respectively. Molecular docking analyses revealed that different catalysis efficiency of ProA and TrzN (Nocardioides sp. C190) for prometryn and atrazine was due to non-covalent changes in amino acid residues. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of s -triazine catabolism at the molecular level. [Display omitted] • ProA from the strain JW-1 was successfully identified and characterized. • ProA catalyzes the conversion of prometryne to 2-hydroxyprometryne and methyl mercaptan. • ProA has different catalytic efficiency for prometryne and atrazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis, is an example of the classical view of cancer development based on stem cell origin and multistep progression. In the past five years, the applications of large-scale sequencing and single-cell sequencing have expanded to human esophageal normal tissues and precancerous lesions, which, coupled with the application of transgenic lineage tracing technology in mouse models, has provided a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of esophageal stem cell heterogeneity and early clonal evolution of ESCC. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of esophageal basal-layer stem cells and their potential relationship with cells of ESCC origin. We present evidence that expansion of NOTCH1 mutants may call into play an evolutionarily conserved anti-cancer mechanism and mold the model of early clonal evolution in ESCCs. Finally, we discuss the potential avenues in this context. This review provides a focused understanding of the early development of ESCC, as a background for early tumor detection, intervention, and prevention strategies. • This review provides all-rounded evidence for the early development esophageal cancer. • Unlike rodent, human esophagus contains slow-cycling stem cell niches, which may be an evolutionary anti-cancer mechanism. • Some driver mutants in ESCC may play a tumor-braking role in normal and precancerous stages. • NOTCH1 mutants impede carcinogenesis and mold a punctuated early evolutionary model of ESCC. • The punctuated evolution model suggests the need to refine our understanding of precancerous lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Co 2 B/CN triggered the water splitting reaction from visible to NIR regions. • "SPR effect" that noble metal featured was fabricated in the amorphous Co 2 B nanosheets. • Optimized Co 2 B/CN catalyst showed the activity for H 2 evolution outperformed Pt/CN. • Amorphous featured Co 2 B nanosheets provided massive active sites for reaction. • The promoted charge transfer and the inhibited e-/h+ recombination are available on Co 2 B/CN. Developing noble-metal-free photocatalysts to address the challenges of high recombination rate of electrons and holes and poor optical response is high desirable for water splitting. Herein, cobalt boride (Co 2 B) nanosheets with amorphous phases ordered in short-range but disordered in long-range was fabricated, and coupled with graphic carbon nitride (CN) photocatalysts in the form of B(δ−)–Co(δ+)–N(δ−) bonding states through an in-situ chemical reduction method. The optimized Co 2 B/CN nanohybrids exhibited a H 2 evolution rate of 56.86 μmol/h with the highest AQY up to 22.8 %, outperforming than that of Pt decorated CN. Theoretical calculation by DFT verify the characterization results and show that Co active sites on Co 2 B have better performance of adsorbing H atoms and desorbing hydrogen. The disordered structure of Co 2 B nanosheets contributed to water splitting performance by providing abundant active sites while metallic nature of Co 2 B facilitated electrons transfer and inhibited the recombination of electrons and holes. Moreover, theoretical calculation suggested that the high concentration of free carriers endowed Co 2 B with an resembled SPR effect, thereby increasing the light response of CN and triggering the reaction from visible-light region extended to the near-infrared region up to 800 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Selaginella mitogenomes have complicated network structures and unprecedented high GC content. • Mitogenome-based phylogenomics provides insights into the positions of two controversial groups of Selaginella. Spikemoss (Selaginellaceae) is one of the basal lineages of vascular plants. This family has a single genus Selaginella which consists of about 750 extant species. The phylogeny of Selaginellaceae has been extensively studied mainly based on plastid DNA and a few nuclear sequences. However, the placement of the enigmatic sinensis group is a long-term controversy because of the long branch in the plastid DNA phylogeny. The sanguinolenta group is also a phylogenetically problematic clade owing to two alternative positions resulted from different datasets. Here, we newly sequenced 34 mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of individuals representing all seven subgenera and major clades in Selaginellaceae. We assembled the draft mitogenomes and annotated the genes and performed phylogenetic analyses based on the shared 17 mitochondrial genes. Our major results include: (1) all the assembled mitogenomes have complicated structures, unparalleled high GC content and a small gene content set, and the positive correlations among GC content, substitution rates and the number of RNA editing sites hold; (2) the sinensis group was well supported as a member of subg. Stachygynandrum ; (3) the sanguinolenta group was strongly resolved as sister to all other Selaginella species except for subg. Selaginella. This study demonstrates the potential of mitogenome data in providing novel insights into phylogenetically recalcitrant problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the basic element and module unit in the construction architecture of smart city, the Internet of things (IoT) is also the key foundation and important support for realizing "automatic perception, rapid response, and scientific decision-making" of smart city. The study aims to improve the efficiency of power inspection in power enterprises and provide intelligent technology for power inspection. After the theoretical analysis of IoT and RFID technology under the background of smart city, the study discusses the information acquisition principle of RFID technology. Second, based on IoT and smart grid, the study takes the power equipment of power company A as an example, and puts forward the power inspection scheme, including the information required for inspection and the inspection of primary and secondary equipment. The specific contents are as follows: health assessment is carried out according to the real-time alarm of power equipment, and the control command is sent to the downstream control equipment to confirm the alarm information. Meantime, based on the alarm information of power equipment and related equipment, the expert analysis system is used for reasoning and analysis, and the RFID tag is used to supervise the inspectors to arrive at the site and inspect the situation according to the predetermined route. The temperature of the cable of power company A is measured under normal and hidden dangers, and the body insulation test is conducted on No. 1 main transformer. The results show that under normal operation, the cable temperature at each point is slightly different, which is basically about 40 °C. The temperature before the fourth point of the cable rises obviously, indicating that the fourth point has faulty. Over time, the more chemical molecules are detected in phase A. When phase B and phase C are tested on the same day, the difference of chemical molecular content is relatively small. It indicates that the chemical molecular content detected by chromatographic test of bulk insulating oil is normal. To sum up, smart power, as the objective need of urban intelligent development, is an important foundation of smart city. The power inspection scheme based on IoT and RFID technology proposed has high detection efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adaptive fuzzy nonlinear integral sliding mode control strategy based on an extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for trajectory tracking of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) in the presence of unknown external disturbances and model parameter uncertainties. A nonlinear dynamics error model of the UUV is established; the estimation of the lumped disturbances are estimated using ESO, and the control variables are compensated for in real time. A nonlinear integral sliding mode controller with saturation characteristics is designed to improve the transient and steady-state performance of the system, and the switching gain of the sliding mode control is adaptively adjusted using the fuzzy logic system, such that the weight of the output changes with the sliding mode surface; thus, the chattering of the control variables is weakened. The asymptotic stability of the control system is verified using Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the designed control strategy effectively suppresses the system lumped disturbances with high tracking accuracy and robustness. • The strategy is based on the combination of a nonlinear integral sliding mode control technique with an extended state observer. • The extended state observer achieves an effective estimation of the lumped disturbances. • The nonlinear integral sliding mode controller improves the transient and steady-state performance of the system. • The adaptive fuzzy switching rate reduces the chattering phenomenon. • Asymptotic stability of the control system is verified by Lyapunov stability theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An orientation method with limited effective polarization area is proposed. • Using UNet to separate occluders and effective polarization regions. • Solar Meridian Fitting Using Antisymmetry of Skylight Polarization Pattern. The bionic polarized light compass has characteristics of immunity to interference from electromagnetic fields and zero error accumulation over time, and thus has good application prospects in the autonomous navigation field under conditions of Global Positioning System rejection or failure. With the aim of addressing the problem that the polarization orientation accuracy of the bionic polarized light compass can be degraded seriously by the presence of large-area occlusions such as clouds and buildings during the actual application process, this paper proposes a highly robust orientation method under the limited effective polarization area condition based on the antisymmetry of the skylight polarization pattern. The orientation algorithm first uses the UNet convolutional neural network to perform binary segmentation of the polarized image and then separates and removes the thick cloud layer/building occlusion area from the image; Then, a new solar meridian fitting method is proposed, which makes use of the characteristic of antisymmetric distribution of polarization angle along the solar meridian in atmospheric polarization mode to fit the solar meridian, and then completes the orientation. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the problem of polarization orientation accuracy degradation caused by harsh environments, including clouds, building occlusions, and cloudy days, and can thus improve the robustness of bionic polarized light compass orientation effectively in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study correlation between interfacial adhesion and properties of corn starch/corn stalk cellulose (CSC) biodegradable straws, the interfacial adhesion and functional properties of the starch-based straws with different cellulose contents were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the starch/CSC straw with 1 % CSC (SC1) had the highest interfacial adhesion between starch and cellulose, resulting in higher mechanical properties and water resistance. Compared to starch/CSC straw with 0 % CSC, water absorption rate of SC1 decreased by 13.0 % (4 °C, 1 h) and 18.4 % (25 °C, 1 h), respectively. The fracture strength and fracture deformation increased by 47.8 % and 59.6 %, respectively. The strength increased by 3.93 (4 °C, 30 min) and 1.53 (25 °C, 30 min) times after soaking, respectively. The soil degradation rate of SC1 was 89.5 % on the 20th day and thermal degradation rate was 79.6 % at 600 °C. The SC1 with better properties (soil degradability, water resistant and mechanical properties) was as economical as paper straw. [Display omitted] • 1 % CSC addition resulted in better interfacial adhesion between starch and CSC. • Mechanical properties and water resistance were improved by interfacial adhesion. • Interfacial adhesion is formed by hydrogen bonds and mechanical interlocks. • The performances of starch/CSC straws with 1 % CSC were better than paper straws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of rigid emergent vegetation on wave overtopping have been studied by numerical simulation in this study. The numerical model is based on second-order fully nonlinear Boussinesq equations and solved by a combination of finite difference and finite volume methods. Physical laboratory results of wave propagation in the vegetated area and wave overtopping on a bare slope were used to validate the capability of the model, and the numerical and experimental results agreed well, which indicated that the model can well predict wave overtopping on a vegetated slope. Then, based on the model, the effects of rigid emergent vegetation on wave overtopping were investigated. The results showed that the wave overtopping volume decreases exponentially with the increase of vegetation volume per unit water volume V veg / V w , and the wave overtopping volume can be decreased by 50% when V veg / V w equals 0.01. • Influences of rigid emergent vegetation on regular wave overtopping. • Effects of plant diameter, vegetation density and volume on wave overtopping. • Effects of wave period and height on wave overtopping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) is a cross-domain retrieval problem whose main challenge is that sketches and images differ in many aspects, such as visual content and abstract degree. Existing approaches solve cross-domain gaps using deep neural networks (DNNs) to learn a joint global feature representation for sketches and images. To improve the retrieval effect using local features, some researchers have introduced attention mechanisms and multi-scale inputs. However, these cannot effectively locate regions of detail difference between sketch–image pairs, and the discriminative ability of these models is insufficient. Just as human observational habits range from global to local, this paper constructs a multiscale network with the help of attention modules. The network is stacked in a recurrent way and focuses stepwise on the most discriminative regions from coarse to fine through region-specific attention models. The part-aware attention module is specifically designed for each scale network to make it robust against local spatial misalignment. To address the challenges of SBIR, we extend the network into a three-channel structure that integrates the sketch, edge map, and RGB photo branches to acquire a more discriminative cross-domain feature representation. The proposed network is alternately optimized by weighted regularization triplet loss, classification loss, and pairwise ranking loss. We conduct extensive experiments on several commonly used SBIR datasets, quantitative, and qualitative results demonstrate that our network learns more fine-grained features and outperforms all baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of this research is the preparation of FeNi alloy thin films by magnetron sputtering. Each step of the experimental process is based on the electrocatalytic performance of the sample, and characterized by many characterizations means such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS) and step gauge thickness test for morphology, structure and elemental composition, etc. The analysis of the characterization results is used as a support for the experimental process. Adjustment of various preparation process parameters for material growth and subsequent processing include doping of non-metallic elements and construction of nanostructures. Doping of C elements can make FeNi based alloy films further amorphous. Zn element is used as a pore-forming agent. The two processes of doping and high-temperature vacuum dealloying can make the film obtain a nanoporous structure, which greatly increases the specific surface area. These two strategies reduce the overpotential (η10) of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of FeNi alloy thin films to 393 mV and 314 mV, which are reduced by 47 mV and 79 mV step by step. The electrochemical properties of the finally obtained alloy film are: overpotential of 314 mV, Tafel slope of 61.8 mV/dec and the stability of only 10% decay at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for 12 h. In this study, low-cost transition metals were used as the main materials to design OER catalysts, and the catalytic efficiency was comparable to that of commercial noble metal catalysts. The physical preparation methods made each sample have good reproducibility. It provides the experimental basis and theoretical basis for the design and synthesis of new catalytic materials at a higher level. • The electrocatalytic thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering has the characteristics of high stability. • The addition of carbon can deepen the amorphization, thus improving the catalytic efficiency. • High-vacuum dealloying is characterized by high speed and good repeatability in preparing porous structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an exciting and meaningful design to make mobile robots capable of adapting to various terrains. We designed a relatively simple and novel composite motion mechanism called the flexible spoked mecanum (FSM) wheel and created a mobile robot, LZ-1, with multiple motion modes based on the FSM wheel. Based on the motion analysis of the FSM wheel, we designed an omnidirectional motion mode for this robot, allowing it to move flexibly in all directions and successfully traverse rugged terrains. In addition, we designed a crawl motion mode for this robot, which can climb stairs effectively. We used a multilayer control method to move the robot according to the designed motion modes. Multiple experiments showed that these two motion modes for the robot are effective on various terrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatozoa are unique cells that carry a library of proteins that regulate the functions of molecules to achieve functional capabilities. Currently, large amounts of protein have been identified in spermatozoa from different species using proteomic approaches. However, the proteome characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of spermatozoa in bucks versus rams have not been fully unraveled. In this study, we performed a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis to investigate the protein profiles in the spermatozoa of buck (Capra hircus) and ram (Ovis aries), two important economic livestock species with different fertility potentials. Overall, 2644 proteins were identified and quantified via this approach. Thus, 279 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were filtered with a p-value < 0.05, and a quantitative ratio of >2.0 or <0.5 (fold change, FC) in bucks versus rams, wherein 153 were upregulated and 126 were downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DAPs were mainly localized in the mitochondria, extracellular and in the nucleus, and were involved in sperm motility, membrane components, oxidoreductase activity, endopeptidase complex and proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism. Specifically, partial DAPs, such as heat shock protein 90 α family class a member 1 (HSP90AA1), adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY), proteasome 26S subunit and non-ATPase 4 (PSMD4), act as "cross-talk" nodes in protein–protein networks as key intermediates or enzymes, which are mainly involved in responses to stimuli, catalytic activity and molecular function regulator pathways that are strictly related to spermatozoa function. The results of our study offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of ram spermatozoa function, and also promote an efficient spermatozoa utilization link to fertility or specific biotechnologies for bucks and rams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct melt infiltration does not produce sintered closed holes and considerably reduces the time required for preparation compared with pre-sintered WC skeleton followed by melt infiltration of Co. However, it may lead to alloy collapsing and deformation. In this study, WC and Co green parts were prepared via binder jet 3D printing. The two parts were stacked layer by layer then subjected to melt infiltration to prepare a WC–Co series of cemented carbides. The aim was to investigate the shape retention, infiltration conditions, and properties of the alloy after the equal distribution of Co and the direct infiltration of the Co melt into the WC green parts without pre-sintering. The effect of different Co amounts on the product was also studied. Results showed that the carbide prepared through direct melt infiltration of WC green parts without pre-sintered skeletons displayed excellent shrinkage and properties. The shrinkage of the prepared cemented carbide with a Co content of about 25 wt% was within 3% in all directions. The relative density, hardness, and fracture toughness of the alloy reached 96.65%, 11.5 GPa, and 23.5 Mpa m1/2, respectively. This work provides a simplified, and high-shape-retention method for other alloys that can be prepared through melt infiltration. • WC and Co green parts were prepared by binder jet 3D printing, and WC-Co was successfully prepared by melt infiltration method. • The melt infiltration after layering and stacking two green parts resulted in an alloy with good properties and shrinkage of less than 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synchronization of the nervous system is strongly related to diseases such as Parkinson's, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Given that the existence of autapse has been proved experimentally, the influence of autapse on the synchronization in a neural network is studied numerically. The results show that increasing coupling intensity could destroy the synchronization of the neural firing pattern, and reduce the firing rate in the network. Especially, an inhibition zone, in which the neural firing is inhibited completely, exists for changes of both coupling intensity and time delay in all types of autapses. As a key factor for different types of autapses, the transmission time delay influences the synchronization complicatedly, i.e., increasing time delay could modulate synchronization for different types of autapse and parameter regions. The theoretical results in this paper shed some light on the study about the mechanism of neural synchronization. • Autapse's existence determines the synchronization in SW neural network. • Time delay influences the synchronization complicatedly, instead of monotonously. • An inhibition zone for autaptic parameter could be found for all types of autapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), an endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), can cause a variety of diseases in organisms at high levels. Golgi oxidative stress produces a large number of ROS, and the quantitative detection of various ROS is of great significance to study Golgi oxidative stress. Therefore, accurate detection of ONOO- level in Golgi is important to reveal the mechanism of ONOO- in living organisms. Here, we developed a Golgi-targeted aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe Gol-ONOO - to detect ONOO- in cells. The probe Gol-ONOO - has the advantages of instant response to ONOO-, high selectivity, low detection limit (250 nM) and large Stoke's shift (180 nm). Most importantly, the probe Gol-ONOO - monitored the increase of ONOO- level caused by monensin-induced oxidative stress in the Golgi apparatus, and it was the first time to realize ONOO- imaging in the Golgi apparatus. • A AIE fluorescent probe Gol-ONOO - was synthesized for detecting peroxynitrite with large Stock's shift. • For the first time, real-time imaging of the ONOO- level of the Golgi apparatus has been achieved. • Gol-ONOO - has been used to monitor the ONOO- level caused by monensin-induced oxidative stress in Golgi for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the special requirements of low-frequency echo control of underwater targets in high pressure environment, a low-frequency miniaturized active control unit with thickness less than 50 mm was designed based on Terfenol-D, a giant magnetostrictive material. Based on that, a kind of light and thin underwater large plate smart acoustic structure was constructed. It was used for low-frequency active echo control of underwater targets. The active control unit was constructed into a flat smart acoustic structure using a 4 × 4 array distributed design. The active control system based on multi-channel adaptive filter was used to test the echo control performance of the flat active acoustic structure, which can achieve significant noise reduction level in less than one second. And the sound absorption coefficient of 0.8 or more can be achieved at a high pressure of 1 MPa. When the sound wave was incident on the surface of the underwater target obliquely from −10° to +10°, the phased array method was used to make the pointing angle of the GMA array consistent with the incident angle, which could control the surface echo of the active structure very well, and the sound absorption coefficient is close to 0.9. The giant magnetostrictive smart structure combined with the active control system is a new type of low-frequency underwater noise reduction technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of microglia and astrocytes following germinal matrix hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) plays a detrimental role in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). It is still unclear whether or how an interaction occurs between microglia and astrocytes in PHH. Here, we investigated the role of the C3/C3aR pathway in microglia and astrocyte interactions and whether C3/C3aR-targeted inhibition could alleviate PHH following GMH-IVH. A total of 152 Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal day seven (P7) were enrolled in the study, and collagenase VII was used to induce GMH-IVH. Minocycline (45 mg/kg) was administered to inhibit microglial activation. Complement C3a peptide and C3aR antagonist (SB 290157, 10 mg/kg) were used to regulate the C3/C3aR pathway. As a result, the data demonstrated that periventricular C3aR+/Iba-1+ microglia and C3+/GFAP+ astrocytes were significantly increased in GMH-IVH pups at 28 days after surgery. Intranasal C3a peptide upregulated C3aR expression in microglia. Inhibition of microglia by minocycline decreased both C3+/GFAP+ astrocytes and the colocalization volume of Iba-1 and GFAP. In addition, intraperitoneally injected C3aRA alleviated the periventricular colocalization volume of microglia and astrocytes. Compared with vehicle-treated pups, the protein level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in cerebral spinal fluid and brain tissue at 28 days following GMH-IVH were reduced in C3aRA-treated pups. Moreover, hydrocephalus was alleviated, and long-term cognitive ability were improved in the C3aRA-treated group. Our data presented simultaneous periventricular astrogliosis and microgliosis of pups following GMH-IVH and proved their potential interaction through the C3/C3aR pathway, indicating C3aRA as a potential pharmacological treatment of PHH in neonates. • Simultaneous periventricular astrogliosis and microgliosis resulted in PHH following GMH-IVH in rat pups. • C3/C3aR is a potential pathway conducting periventricular microglia-astrocyte interaction. • C3/C3aR targeted inhibition alleviated hydrocephalus and cognitive dysfunction following GMH-IVH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between linear chain length distributions and the functional properties of the starch-based films after pullulanase debranching treatment of corn (CS), rice (RS) and wheat (WS) were investigated. The results indicated that the film thickness was negatively correlated with A chains content (r = −0.939) and apparent amylose content (r = −0.926), and was positively correlated with B3 chains content (r = 0.847). The tensile strength of the debranched starch-based films were positively correlated with apparent amylose content (r = 0.813), and the elongation at break were inversely proportional to B3 chains content (r = −0.817). The hydrophobicity of the starch-based films was positively and negatively correlated with the proportions of linear chains with DP 6–12 (r = 0.892) and DP 25–36 (r = −0.863), respectively. On the contrary, no significant correlation was noticed between chain length distribution of amylopectin and transparency and thermal stability. [Display omitted] • Pullulanase-modified starch film was prepared by solution casting method. • The tensile strength was positively correlated with amylose content. • The elongation at break was inversely proportional to the chains with the degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 37. • The surface hydrophobicity was proportional to the chains with DP between 6 and 12. • The chains with DP between 6 and 24 were conducive to film formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of big data, the efficiency of data querying and data storage has become a critical bottleneck in the remote sensing community. In this letter, we explore hash learning for the indexing of large-scale remote sensing images (RSIs) with a supervised pairwise neural network with the aim of improving RSI retrieval performance with a few binary bits. First, a fully connected hashing neural network (FCHNN) is proposed in order to map RSI features into binary (feature-to-binary) codes. Compared with pixel-to-binary frameworks, such as DPSH (deep pairwise-supervised hashing), FCHNN only contains three fully connected layers and incorporates another new constraint, so it can be significantly accelerated to obtain desirable performance. Second, five types of image features, including mid-level and deep features, were investigated in the learning of the FCHNN to achieve state-of-the-art performances. The mid-level features were based on Fisher encoding with affine-invariant local descriptors, and the deep features were extracted by pretrained or fine-tuned CNNs (e.g., CaffeNet and VGG-VD16). Experiments on five recently released large-scale RSI datasets (i.e., AID, NWPU45, PatternNet, RSI-CB128, and RSI-CB256) demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with existing handcrafted or deep-based hashing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kruppel like factor 15 (KLF15), a transcriptional factor belonging to the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family of genes, has recently been reported as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. However, the specific mechanisms by which KLF15 inhibits BrCa have not been elucidated. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of KLF15 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). KLF15 expression and methylation were detected by RT-qPCR, RT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. The effects of KLF15 on TNBC cell functions were examined via various cellular function assays. The specific anti-tumor mechanisms of KLF15 were further investigated by RNA sequence, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, luciferase assay, ChIP, and bioinformatics analysis. As the results showed that KLF15 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, which promoter methylation of KLF15 partially contributes to. Exogenous expression of KLF15 induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, suppressed cell proliferation, metastasis and in vivo tumorigenesis of TNBC cells. Mechanism studies revealed that KLF15 targeted and downregulated C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and CCL7. Moreover, transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that KLF15 is involved in key anti-tumor regulatory and metabolic pathways in TNBC. In conclusion, KLF15 suppresses cell growth and metastasis in TNBC by downregulating CCL2 and CCL7. KLF15 may be a prognostic biomarker in TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role played by phytohormones in insect galls and the mechanisms underlying plant manipulation by gall makers are still unclear.Galls made by Leptocybe invasa on two Eucalyptus species were sampled, the correlations between the levels of nine phytohormones in galls and gall size were analysed, and phytohormone levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls and L. invasa were determined.During two larval stages, the levels of three forms of cytokinins (CKs) in the galls of the two plant species all showed significantly positive correlations with gall size. Brassinosteroids (BRs) and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) occurred at significantly higher levels in the interior tissues of the galls compared to in the exterior tissues of galls. Isopentenyl adenosine (IPA) was significantly higher in L. invasa larvae themselves, compared to levels in the interior and exterior tissues of galls. However, the levels of DHZR and BR were significantly lower or similar in the L. invasa pupae compared to that in the interior and exterior tissues of the galls.These findings indicate that phytohormones, especially CKs, act as key regulators of L. invasa galls, and that the larvae of L. invasa may themselves be a source of CKs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiOX) has a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of p‐i‐n inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which hold great potential for commercialization. However, improving contact passivation between perovskites and NiOX is a challenge due to a hindered buried interface. In order to address this issue, self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are introduced as a buffer layer to prevent direct contact and non‐radiative recombination. While, the large dipole moment of SAMs increases the work function of NiOX, which is crucial for enhancing hole transport performance, given the low interfacial potential barrier for hole transfer. By a combination of the first‐principles calculations, drive‐level capacitance profiling, and transient absorption spectrum characterization, the understanding of the ion‐dipole interactions and interface passivation mechanism of potassium fluoride (KF) ultra‐thin buffer layer between SAMs and perovskites is provided. The efficiency of inverted PSCs as high as 23.25% is obtained, and the unencapsulated devices kept 90% of initial efficiency following 1400 h aging under nitrogen, which demonstrate remarkable long‐term stability as well. This novel strategy highlights the significance of SAMs dipole moment at the NiOX/perovskites interface and provides a new approach to address buried interfaces for high‐efficiency and long‐term stability in inverted PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite element model was established to predict the thermal and stress fields in selective laser melting of Ti55531 alloy. The temperature distribution, melt pool dimension, and solidification parameters on the different scanning speeds were evaluated and analyzed. The results show that the temperature and dimension of the melt pool decrease as the scanning speed increases. The maximum cooling rate and solidification rate are about 1.38 × 104 ℃/s and 0.95 mm/s, respectively, obtained at scanning speed of 1000 mm/s, while the minimum cooling rate and solidification rate are approximately 5.80 × 103 ℃/s and 0.2 mm/s, respectively, obtained at scanning speed of 200 mm/s. Relatively high scanning speed improves the instability of the solid/liquid interface and is beneficial for obtaining fine grains. In addition, the thermal stress exhibits a tendency to increase with the laser moves forward, and the residual stress increases sharply mainly during the cooling period. The maximum residual stress reached 878 MPa with a scanning speed of 1000 mm/s. The simulations and experiment results exhibit good agreement. A surface heat source with Gaussian distribution was used to realize the numerical simulation of SLM under different scanning speeds, which provides a good reference for the optimization of deposition parameters of Ti55531 alloy and the production of good-quality deposited components in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconventional reservoirs, such as shale and tight formations, have become increasingly vital contributors to oil and gas production. In these reservoirs, fractures serve as crucial spaces for fluid migration and storage, making their precise assessment essential. Array acoustic logging stands out as a pivotal method for evaluating fractures. To investigate the impact of fracture width, fracture-filling conditions, and acoustic frequency on compressional and shear waves, a three-dimensional variable mesh finite difference program was employed for acoustic logging numerical simulation. Firstly, numerical models representing fractured formations with varying fracture widths and distinct fluid-filling conditions were established, and array acoustic logging numerical simulations were conducted at different frequencies. Subsequently, the waveform data were processed to extract acoustic characteristic parameters, such as velocities and amplitude attenuations of compressional and shear waves. Finally, a quantitative analysis was conducted to examine the variation patterns of characteristic parameters of refracted compressional and shear waves in relation to fracture properties. The research results indicate that amplitude attenuation information derived from borehole wave modes is particularly sensitive to the changes in fracture properties. As fracture width increased, we observed a significant amplitude attenuation in both compressional and shear waves, proportional to the logarithm of the attenuation coefficients. Furthermore, when the fracture width was constant, gas-filled fractures exhibited more prominent amplitude attenuation than water-filled fractures, with shear wave attenuation being more sensitive to the filling material. Moreover, from a quantitative perspective, the analysis revealed that the attenuation coefficients of refracted compressional and shear waves exhibited an exponential variation with gas saturation. Notably, once fracture width and filling conditions were established, the amplitudes of compressional and shear waves at the dominant frequency of 40 kHz were significantly reduced compared to those at 8 kHz, accompanied by increased attenuation. Subsequent quantitative analysis revealed that, when the product of fracture width and dominant frequency remains constant, the corresponding attenuation coefficient ratios approach 1. This indicates that the attenuation process of acoustic propagation in fractured media follows the principle of acoustic similarity. The findings of this study provide reference for further research on fracture property evaluation methods based on array acoustic logging data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) plays a pivotal role in cellular death and immune activation. A deeper understanding of the impact of tumour MOMP on immunity will aid in guiding more effective immunotherapeutic strategies. Methods: A comprehensive pan‐cancer dataset comprising 30 cancer‐type transcriptomic cohorts, 20 immunotherapy transcriptomic cohorts and three immunotherapy scRNA‐seq datasets was collected and analysed to determine the influence of tumour MOMP activity on clinical prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy effectiveness. Leveraging 65 scRNA‐Seq datasets, the MOMP signature (MOMP.Sig) was developed to accurately reflect tumour MOMP activity. The clinical predictive value of MOMP.Sig was explored through machine learning models. Integration of the MOMP.Sig model and a pan‐cancer immunotherapy CRISPR screen further investigated potential targets to overcome immunotherapy resistance, which subsequently underwent clinical validation. Results: Our research revealed that elevated MOMP activity reduces mortality risk in cancer patients, drives the formation of an anti‐tumour immune environment and enhances the response to immunotherapy. This finding emphasises the potential clinical application value of MOMP activity in immunotherapy. MOMP.Sig, offering a more precise indicator of tumour cell MOMP activity, demonstrated outstanding predictive efficacy in machine‐learning models. Moreover, with the assistance of the MOMP.Sig model, FOXO1 was identified as a core modulator that promotes immune resistance. Finally, these findings were successfully validated in clinical immunotherapy cohorts of skin cutaneous melanoma and triple‐negative breast cancer patients. Conclusions: This study enhances our understanding of MOMP activity in immune modulation, providing valuable insights for more effective immunotherapeutic strategies across diverse tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Metal sulfides (MSs) have attracted much attention as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high sodium storage capacity. However, the unsatisfactory electrochemical performance induced by the huge volume change and sluggish kinetics hampered the practical application of SIBs. Herein, guided by the heterostructure interface engineering, novel multicomponent metal sulfide-based anodes, including SnS, FeS, and Fe 3 N embedded in N -doped carbon nanosheets (SnS/FeS/Fe 3 N/NC NSs), have been synthesized for high-performance SIBs. The as-prepared SnS/FeS/Fe 3 N/NC NSs with abundant heterointerfaces and high conductivity of N -doped carbon nanosheet matrix can shorten the Na+ diffusion path and promote reaction kinetics during the sodiation/desodiation process. Moreover, the presence of Fe 3 N can promote the reversible conversion of SnS and FeS during the cycling process. As a consequence, when evaluated as anode materials for SIBs, the SnS/FeS/Fe 3 N/NC NSs can maintain a high sodium storage capacity of 473.6 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 2.0 A g-1 and can still provide a high reversible capacity of 537.4 mAh g-1 even at 5.0 A g-1 This discovery offers a novel strategy for constructing metal sulfide-based anode materials for high-performance SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bismuth telluride-based materials are well known for their excellent thermoelectric (TE) properties within the near-room temperature range. However, the poor thermoelectric performance of their n-type counterparts has posed a major hindrance to the application of bismuth telluride-based thermoelectric generator (TEG). In this study, a dual optimization approach was implemented. Specifically, 2D ceramic nano-sized hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was introduced into n-type Bi 2 Te 2.7 Se 0.3 (BTS) to enhance its performance, aligning it with p-type materials. It is indicated that ceramic h-BN decoration leads to the emergence of a high density of dislocations, which boosts the phonon scattering and reduces lattice thermal conductivity significantly. Meanwhile, a high carrier mobility is maintained to ensure an improved power factor. With the addition of moderate ceramic h-BN, the composite material achieved a ZT value of 1.1 at 400 K. The geometric configuration of TEG was optimized using finite element methods to strike the optimal balance between output power (P o u t ) and efficiency (η). Based on the structure optimization results, the predicted P o u t and η increased by 48 % and 36 %, respectively. The fabricated TEG demonstrated to achieve an efficiency of 6.4 %. This work allows the evolution from bismuth telluride-based prototype to a functional TEG advanced in room-temperature heat recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Floral patterns are unique to rice and contribute significantly to its reproductive success. SL1 encodes a C2H2 transcription factor that plays a critical role in flower development in rice, but the molecular mechanism regulated by it remains poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the SL1 with floral homeotic genes, SPW1, and DL in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem fate. First, the sl1 spw1 double mutant exhibited a stamen‐to‐pistil transition similar to that of sl1, spw1, suggesting that SL1 and SPW1 may located in the same pathway regulating stamen development. Expression analysis revealed that SL1 is located upstream of SPW1 to maintain its high level of expression and that SPW1, in turn, activates the B‐class genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 to suppress DL expression indirectly. Secondly, sl1 dl displayed a severe loss of floral meristem determinacy and produced amorphous tissues in the third/fourth whorl. Expression analysis revealed that the meristem identity gene OSH1 was ectopically expressed in sl1 dl in the fourth whorl, suggesting that SL1 and DL synergistically terminate the floral meristem fate. Another meristem identity gene, FON1, was significantly decreased in expression in sl1 background mutants, suggesting that SL1 may directly activate its expression to regulate floral meristem fate. Finally, molecular evidence supported the direct genomic binding of SL1 to SPW1 and FON1 and the subsequent activation of their expression. In conclusion, we present a model to illustrate the roles of SL1, SPW1, and DL in floral organ specification and regulation of floral meristem fate in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-controlled method may improve the accuracy of fluorescent probes. Here, two new fluorescent probes HSP and MSP were designed based on naphthalimide and spiropyran. HSP exhibits a fluorescent emission at 540 nm after Human Serum Albumin (HSA) was added. Then with UV light irradiation, the spiropyran group of HSP is isomerized into the merocyanine, and the HSP/HSA hybrid displays red fluorescence emission at 610 nm, which demonstrats the probe have a unique fluorescence "double-check" mechanism to accurately detect HSA. As a comparison, a new probe MSP which structure similar to HSP was designed. Compared with HSP , the recognition effect of probe MSP on HSA is not obvious, which showed that the hydrophilic group hydroxyl displays an important influence on the response of the probe HSP to HSA. In addition, the HSP/HSA hybrid can also be used to detect SO 2 effectively. Most importantly, we have successfully applied HSP/HSA hybrid to image SO 2 in living cells. • The first case of hybrid by light-controlled method to identify SO 2. • The probe HSP can recognize HSA with "Double-Check" model. • Probe have good selectivity, low detection limit and avoid false positive interference. • The hydroxyl group of HSP is important and can bind to the amino acid residues of human serum albumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common methods to calibrate microphone array are those that calibrate each microphone. Different from these methods, this article proposes a simulated point sound source calibration method without calibrating each microphone. Suppose there is a microphone array in the sound field of the point source, according to the positional relationship between the array and the source, the dynamic sound signal of every microphone can be calculated. A microphone array calibration device (MACD) is designed to input the dynamic signals calculated into the actual microphone array by the coupling cavity standard sound sources. By comparing the position of the simulated point source with that located by array, position error correction curves are fitted to calibrate the positioning accuracy of microphone array. The experimental results reveal validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogenation of metallic plutonium (Pu) is a crucial issue for its actual applications. In-depth scientific understanding of the hydriding corrosion process of Pu requires established values of rates and associated microscopic mechanism of hydrogen diffusion in the reaction product plutonium hydrides. Therefore, in this work we investigate the hydrogen diffusion in the stoichiometric plutonium dihydride and the non-stoichiometric one that contains tetrahedral hydrogen vacancies from first principles. Our results reveal the microscopic dynamical behavior of hydrogen in these compounds and indicate that the dominant diffusion mechanism greatly depends on the temperature and composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease affecting global public health at present, which can induce cirrhosis and liver cancer in serious cases. However, NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, and there is still a lack of research on its mechanism and therapeutic strategy. With the development of the gut–liver axis theory, the association between the gut–liver axis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD has been gradually disclosed. Polysaccharides, as a kind of natural product, have the advantages of low toxicity, multi-target and multi-pathway action. It has been reported that polysaccharides can affect the gut–liver axis at multiple interrelated levels, such as maintaining the ecological balance of gut microbiota (GM), regulating the metabolites of GM and improving the intestinal barrier function, which thereby plays a protective role in NAFLD. These studies have great scientific significance in understanding NAFLD based on the gut–liver axis and developing safe and effective medical treatments. Herein, we reviewed the recent progress of polysaccharides in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the gut–liver axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-negativity of the measurement matrix in the traditional compressed ghost imaging system and iterative optimization process leads to low imaging quality and slow reconstruction speed. This paper proposes a singular value decomposition compressed ghost imaging method based on deep unfolding. The measurement matrix and training data pairs are generated through numerical simulation to reduces the cost of data acquisition. This paper adds a preprocessing layer to the network, which performs singular value decomposition on the measurement matrix to simultaneously obtain an optimized semi-orthogonal measurement matrix and optimized measurements. Then, iterative shrinking threshold algorithm network (ISTA-Net +) is used to learn the mapping between the measurements to the original signal from the training data set. Finally, the trained deep neural network can achieve non-iterative real-time reconstruction of high-quality images from low sampling rate measurements. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our proposed method has good reconstruction performance and good anti-noise performance at low sampling rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the deepening of tourists' demand for tourism services, the personalization of online tourists has gradually become an application of personalized recommendation technology. According to the application requirements of personalized scenic spot recommendation, this paper uses social networks and Bayesian networks to fully mine the matching degree between users and scenic spots for personalized recommendation. Add social network factors to the recommendation of tourist attractions, and fully tap the social network relationship between users. First, the users are clustered by the coupling bidirectional clustering algorithm. Then, DBSCAN (density-based noise application spatial clustering) algorithm is used to cluster scenic spots. Finally, two stable user sets and scenic spot sets are applied to the personalized recommendation algorithm to predict the user's next upcoming scenic spot. The algorithm is compared with some traditional algorithms in the dataset. The algorithm deals with the similarity of user attributes and user behavior and uses content-based algorithm to deal with the relationship between scenic spots; com datasets have better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the search for a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene, it is still a challenge to develop a system that simultaneously possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity under aerobic conditions. Herein, we report the use of perovskite LaSrCoFeO6 (LSCF) as a heterogeneous and visible‐light catalyst, and determine that LSCF acts as a highly efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene under aerobic conditions. The formation of 1O2 species transformed from O2⋅− species were proposed as reactive oxygen species for the epoxidation of styrene over the LSCF catalyst, where the directional generation of O2⋅− species on the LSCF catalyst is the key step to yield highly selective epoxidation of styrene. The experimental results of styrene epoxidation show that when the molar ratio of styrene and LSCF catalyst is 150 : 1 and the reaction is under the conditions of visible light (440 nm) and 100 °C for 6 h, the conversion of styrene and selectivity of styrene oxide reached 99.9 % and 80.3 %, respectively. The reaction rate over LSCF catalyst is as high as 50 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1. In addition, the reaction kinetics of the epoxidation of styrene over LSCF catalyst was systematically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniform-size rutile TiO2 microrods were synthesized by simple molten-salt method with sodium chloride as reacting medium and different kinds of sodium phosphate salts as growth control additives to control the one-dimensional (1-D) crystal growth of particles. The effect of rutile and anatase ratios as a precursor was monitored for rod growth formation. Apart from uniform rod growth study, optical properties of rutile microrods were observed by UV−visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. TiO2 materials with anatase and rutile phase show PL emission due to self-trapped exciton. It has been observed that synthesized rutile TiO2 rods show various PL emission peaks in the range of 400 to 900 nm for 355 nm excitation wavelengths. All PL emission appeared due to the oxygen vacancy present inside rutile TiO2 rods. The observed PL near the IR range (785 and 825 nm) was due to the formation of a self-trapped hole near to the surface of (110) which is the preferred orientation plane of synthesized rutile TiO2 microrods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an effective method to deal with the curse of dimensionality, multi-label feature selection aims to select the most representative subset of features by eliminating unfavorable features. Although great progress has been made in this field, how to mine adequate supervisory information from multi-label data remains a key challenge. Compared to the latent information of instances, the latent information of instance relevance contains both the basic information of instances and the latent relevance between instances. Base on this knowledge, we propose a novel multi-label feature selection method named LRDG that explores latent representation learning and dynamic graph constraints. Specifically, we introduce the latent representation of instance relevance as supervisory information for pseudo-label learning, and minimize information loss during pseudo-label learning by means of the label manifold, the non-negative constraints, and the minimization of the Frobenius norm between pseudo-labels and ground-truth labels. In addition, considering the shortcomings brought by traditional graph regularization, we propose to use the dynamic graph constructed from low-dimensional pseudo-labels to constrain feature weights. Extensive experiments on various multi-label datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The code is available at https://github.com/yunbao520/LRDG. • LRDG achieves full constraints on pseudo-label. • A pseudo-label based dynamic graph is designed to constrain the feature weights. • Latent representation learning is used to mine reliable label information. • A convergent algorithm is designed to optimally solve LRDG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Metabolite identification and quantification through integrated LC-MS strategy. • Metabolites were identified based on MS/MS molecular networking. • Paeoniflorin and resveratrol are specially localized in seed kernel and coat. • Fruit pod sand seed coat showed significantly stronger activities than seed kernel. • The fruit has potential utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries. Tree peony seed, traditionally used for edible oil production, is rich in α-linolenic acid. However, little attention is given to the fruit by-products during seed oil production. The present work aimed to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical constituents and multiple biological activities of different parts of tree peony fruits harvested from Paeonia ostii and Paeonia rockii. 130 metabolites were rapidly identified through UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS on the basis of MS/MS molecular networking. Metabolite quantification was performed through the targeted approach of HPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS. Eight chemical markers were screened via principal component analysis (PCA) for distinguishing species and tissues. Interestingly, two dominant compounds, paeoniflorin and trans -resveratrol, are specially localized in seed kernel and seed coat, respectively. Unexpectedly, the extracts of fruit pod and seed coat showed significantly stronger antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-neuroinflammatory activities than seed kernel from both P. ostii and P. rockii. Our work demonstrated that tree peony fruit is promising natural source of bioactive components and provided its potential utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve high quality luminescent nanomaterials, we synthesized series of rare-earth (RE; RE = Sm3+, Dy3+) ions activated NaLuF 4 nanoparticles via a facile synthetic technique at room temperature. The phase category, microstructure and luminescent behaviors of the resultant samples were detailedly investigated. Under a certain excitation wavelength, these prepared nanoparticles can emit glaring visible light and the emission intensities are determined to be sensitive to the doping content. The optimal doping concentration for Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions in the NaLuF 4 host lattices are 1 and 3 mol%, respectively, and the involved concentration quenching mechanisms are all contributed by the electric dipole-dipole interaction. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit splendid thermal stability and the activation energies of the NaLuF:0.01Sm3+ and NaLuF 4 :0.03Dy3+ nanoparticles are 0.16 and 0.17 eV, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent decay time reveals that the thermal quenching mechanism of the designed nanoparticles is responsible by the crossover process between the excited level and ground state. These results indicate that the resultant nanoparticles with good luminescent materials and high thermal stability are potential candidates for white light-emitting diode. • Highly-efficient NaLuF 4 :RE (RE = Dy3+, Sm3+) nanoparticles were prepared at room temperature. • Dazzling emissions were seen in resultant nanoparticles upon NUV light excitation. • Concentration quenching mechanisms are contributed by electric dipole-dipole interaction. • Thermal stability of studied samples was revealed by temperature-dependent emission spectra. • The involved thermal quenching mechanism was confirmed by temperature-dependent decay time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regular wave attenuation in following and opposing currents due to rigid, emergent vegetation has been studied by physical and numerical simulation in this study. Firstly, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of currents on wave attenuation due to vegetation. Then, to overcome the limitation of the experimental conditions, a numerical model, based on the Boussinesq equations and validated by the experimental results, was applied to further investigate the effects of current velocity, vegetation density and water depth on wave attenuation due to vegetation in currents with larger α (the ratio of current velocity to the amplitude of the horizontal wave orbital velocity) range. The results show that both following and opposing currents can enhance or suppress wave attenuation due to vegetation depending on α. For the studied vegetation densities and water depths, the effect of wave attenuation due to vegetation in currents first decreases and then increases with the increase of α. Moreover, wave attenuation due to vegetation in currents is increased with the increase of vegetation density and decreased with the increase of water depth, and both of them have no influence on the relationship between relative wave height decay and α. • Wave attenuation in following and opposing currents due to rigid vegetation. • Influences of current direction and velocity on wave attenuation due to vegetation. • Influences of vegetation density and water depth on wave attenuation by vegetation in currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]