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Female Polistes paper wasps can initiate colonies either solitarily or in cooperative groups. Reproduction is often distributed unequally in groups, even to the point of complete monopolization of breeding by the dominant group member. Transactional models of reproductive skew predict the degree of reproductive partitioning, assuming that the dominant controls group membership and will yield a proportion of reproduction to a subordinate as an incentive to stay peacefully in the group. Using a combination of demographic, genetic and morphological data from a population of P. dominulus, we test predictions of ‘classical’ two-person skew models as well as more complex ‘N-person’ models. This is the most comprehensive study of skew in this species to date, and the results generally do not support transactional models. We found no relationship between skew and relatedness for dyads, and complete skew was observed in unrelated groups despite the prediction for this population that such groups should not occur. In contrast to N-person model predictions, group size tended to increase with relatedness. Although we did find the predicted positive correlation between group size and skew for groups of nonrelatives, this relationship was weak. The zone of conflict between the predicted minimum and maximum staying incentives often spans the entire possible range of reproductive skew, suggesting that a ‘tug-of-war’ scenario may be more appropriate than a transactional framework for understanding within-colony dynamics. Overall, our results demonstrate that transactional skew models have little predictive power and are therefore unlikely to yield further insight into Polistes wasp societies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper continues work of the earlier articles with the same title. For two classes of modular forms f : • para-Eisenstein series α k and • coefficient forms ℓ k a , where k ∈ N and a is a non-constant element of F q [ T ] , the growth behavior on the fundamental domain and the zero loci Ω (f) as well as their images BT (f) in the Bruhat-Tits building BT are studied. We obtain a complete description for f = α k and for those of the forms ℓ k a where k ≤ deg ⁡ a. It turns out that in these cases, α k and ℓ k a are strongly related, e.g., BT (ℓ k a ) = BT (α k) , and that BT (α k) is the set of Q -points of a full subcomplex of BT with nice properties. As a case study, we present in detail the outcome for the forms α 2 in rank 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we deal with movement-independent individual muscle properties derived from Hill''s equation. Relations between these properties are found by theoretical considerations. We define a dimensionless quantity that turns out to play a major role in characterizing individual muscle properties, and we analyse normalization and symmetry behaviour of the parameters in Hill''s equation. This leads to a systematic, transparent, and useful overview of mathematical relations involving muscle parameters. We examine the experimentally determined parameters of 62 subjects to find additional empirical relations between the muscle properties described by the parameters of Hill''s equation. In the light of the theoretical end empirical results we investigate the connections between maximum efficiency, endurance, and fibre composition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Judith Rich Harris' Nurture Assumption has had a profound impact on the understanding of human development. • I detail how JRH's scholarship has altered my approach to the study of crime and criminals. • I discuss how the field of criminology has remained steadfast in their resistance to JRH's work. The Nurture Assumption by Judith Rich Harris was a revolutionary book that called into question the family socialization literature and the conventional ways in which parenting is typically studied by social scientists. In the 25 years since it was first published, the key arguments set forth in The Nurture Assumption still remain on the margins of most fields of study and not fully integrated into individual research agendas. In this paper, I focus on how Judith Rich Harris has impacted my scholarly thinking and my academic career as a criminologist. In doing so, I discuss the ways in which Judith Rich Harris' views can guide criminological thinking and the reasons why the field of criminology has been and continues to be resistant to her and The Nurture Assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raising global anxiety and fear of both real and perceived health threat from the virus. Overwhelming evidence shows infected patients experiencing neuropsychiatric complications, suggesting that the "psychoneuroimmunity" model might be beneficial in understanding the impact of the virus. Therefore, this Special Issue on "Immunopsychiatry of COVID-19 Pandemic" was launched immediately after the pandemic was declared, with the first paper accepted on the March 25th, 2020. A total of ninety-three papers were accepted, the last one was on the July 10th, 2020 when the initial acute phase started declining. The papers of this Special Issue have illuminated the social impact, psychopathology, neurological manifestation, immunity responses, and potential treatments and prevention on COVID-19. For example, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and suicidal ideation are most common psychiatric manifestations. COVID-19 infection can have central and/or peripheral nervous system symptoms, including headache, sleep disorders, encephalopathy, and loss of taste and smell. A "three-steps" Neuro-COVID infection model (neuro-invasion, clearance and immune response) was established. The current therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 include supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and plasma transfusion. Psychological support should be implemented, improving the psychological wellbeing, as well as to enhance psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world faces imminent drought-related challenges that, from a tap-water supply perspective, require increasingly expensive infrastructure enhancement and energy expansion to maintain sufficient service levels. This paper argues that enhancing domestic water conservation provides a promising alternative or necessary addition to reduce costs and to stimulate pro-environmental behaviour. Although the number of field experiments on how people's behaviour can be changed with respect to their daily water consumption is growing, to date, most studies in this field have focussed either on explanatory socio-economic factors (e.g. water pricing, income, or family composition) or behavioural intentions and personal characteristics related to behavioural change. Accordingly, there is limited empirically validated knowledge about the use and effectiveness of different influencing tactics to change behaviour. This paper provides a review of the empirically oriented literature in this field and aims to provide an up-to-date assessment that identifies eight different Behavioural Influencing Tactics (BITs) that target long-term water conservation behaviour within households. Our analysis is structured around three information processing routes: the reflective route, the semi-reflective route, and the automatic route. We conclude that the current body of literature is promising and provides a useful body of evidence on the range and effectiveness of individual water conservation mechanisms, but that needs further development to deepen our understanding of how to effectively prolong and reinforce newly formed water conservation routines. • This paper is a review of empirical studies about Behaviour Influencing Tactics (BITs) for domestic water conservation. • The BITs are: knowledge transfer, self-efficacy, social norms, framing, tailoring, emotional shortcuts, priming, & nudging. • Our understanding of the effectiveness of BITs is evolving but knowledge about sustaining water conservation behaviour over time is limited. • For achieving long-term water conservation habits, a well-aligned conjunctive use of different BITs is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to our understanding of how to improve manufacturing firms' green operations underpinned by the proactive behavior theory. Chinese manufacturing firms are focused on because of their significant impact on global climate change and distinctive governance structure. Specifically, we survey 155 highest-level environmental managers (EMs) in these firms who have an ultimate decision-making power on environmental issues, and investigate the antecedents and consequence of their proactive pollution reduction behavior (PPRB). Through identifying the psychological motivation implied in EMs' environmental management behavior, we find that both EMs' role breadth self-efficacy (including in-role self-efficacy and extra-role self-efficacy) and felt responsibility (including felt responsibility establishment and felt responsibility coordination) can improve their PPRB. Further, available resources in firms only positively moderate the impact of extra-role self-efficacy on PPRB, and incentives from external stakeholders only moderate the impact of felt responsibility establishment on PPRB. Our empirical results also confirm that PPRB can improve corporate operational performance, strategic competitiveness, and environmental performance, but a higher level of PPRB's performance comes more from the driving force of PPRB's antecedents rather than PPRB itself. • The antecedent and performance of proactive pollution reduction behavior (PPRB) are revealed in this paper. • The effect of environmental managers' (EMs') psychological motivation has been analyzed along with contextual factors. • Both EMs' role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) and felt responsibility (FR) improve their PPRB. • Contextual factors positively (but weakly) moderate the impact of RBSE and FR on PPRB. • EMs' PPRB may enhance performance in various aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chemical and natural factors have been demonstrated to interact and potentially change the toxicity of the individual stressors. Yet, while there exists a multitude of papers studying the temperature-dependent toxicity of single chemicals, little research exists on the impact of temperature on chemical mixtures. This paper investigates the effect of temperature on environmentally-relevant mixtures of Cd, Cu and Pb. We linked the effects on respiration, growth, feeding rate and activity of Asellus aquaticus to the free ion activities, as a measure for the bioavailability of the metals, and the body concentrations. We observed interactions of temperature and metal body concentrations on all sublethal endpoints, except activity. Mixture effects on accumulation and feeding rate were observed as well and even an interaction between metal body burden, mixture and temperature treatment was revealed for the feeding rate of Pb exposed isopods. This research adds to a growing body of evidence that the current chemical-based monitoring is insufficient to estimate chemical toxicity in aquatic ecosystems and must, therefore, be complemented with effect-based tools. Highlights • Temperature interacted with metal body burden for respiration, growth and feeding. • Feeding and respiration rates of isopods were higher at 20 °C compared to 15 °C. • An interaction between body burden, temperature and mixture treatment was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a systematic literature review of consumer research towards coffee with the objective to identify and categorize motives, preferences and attributes of coffee consumption and purchasing behavior. Research papers were analyzed in terms of main characteristics and components (study type, research methodology, sampling, and product type). The review gives a systematic overview of the heterogeneous group of concepts and approaches that have been used so far to examine consumer behavior towards coffee. Results provide a model of key determinants for coffee consumption that can be grouped into the categories, (1) personal preferences, (2) economic attributes, (3) product attributes, (4) context of consumption, and (5) socio-demographics. The findings also show that there is a strong focus on coffee sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions of the fractional Hardy-Hénon equation (− Δ) σ u = | x | α u p in B 1 \ { 0 } with an isolated singularity at the origin, where σ ∈ (0 , 1) and the punctured unit ball B 1 \ { 0 } ⊂ R n with n ≥ 2. When − 2 σ < α < 2 σ and n + α n − 2 σ < p < n + 2 σ n − 2 σ , we give a classification of isolated singularities of positive solutions, and in particular, this implies sharp blow up estimates of singular solutions. Further, we describe the precise asymptotic behavior of solutions near the singularity. More generally, we classify isolated boundary singularities and describe the precise asymptotic behavior of singular solutions for a relevant degenerate elliptic equation with a nonlinear Neumann boundary condition. These results parallel those known for the Laplacian counterpart proved by Gidas and Spruck (1981) [21] , but the methods are very different, since the ODEs analysis is a missing ingredient in the fractional case. Our proofs are based on a monotonicity formula, combined with blow up (down) arguments, Kelvin transformation and uniqueness of solutions of related degenerate equations on S + n. We also investigate isolated singularities located at infinity of fractional Hardy-Hénon equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of elections that explores the relationship between incumbent upsets and incumbents running unopposed. A valence-disadvantaged candidate (a potential challenger), who possesses private information about the extent of this disadvantage, first decides whether to challenge a valence-advantaged candidate (the incumbent). If the election is contested, the two candidates engage in policy competition. In equilibrium, the incumbent is never certain of the strength of a challenger she faces, and she may risk losing by proposing a less moderate policy for the possibility of winning at a policy more to her liking. The model demonstrates that analysts risk mischaracterizing candidate behavior by ignoring the possibility that an advantaged candidate may lose due to "rational complacency." Key comparative statics may switch signs if analyses exclude uncontested elections, and reducing the frequency of uncontested elections entails the trade-off for voter welfare of more extreme platforms in contested elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the following Schrödinger equation { − Δ u − μ | x | 2 u = g (u) in R N ∖ { 0 } , u ∈ H 1 (R N) , where N ≥ 3 , μ < (N − 2) 2 4 , 1 | x | 2 is called the Hardy potential (the inverse-square potential) and g satisfies the Berestycki-Lions type condition. If 0 < μ < (N − 2) 2 4 , combining variational methods with analytical skills, we show that the above problem has a positive and radial ground state solution. At the same time, our results suggest that this solution together with its derivatives up to order 2 have exponential decay at infinity while this solution has the possibility of blow-up at the origin. Furthermore, we construct a family of ground state solutions which converges to a ground state solution of the limiting problem as μ → 0 +. If μ < 0 , we prove that the mountain pass level in H 1 (R N) can not be achieved. Provided further assumption that the above problem in the radial space H r 1 (R N) , we obtain the ground state solutions whose energy is strictly greater than the mountain pass level in H 1 (R N). We also construct a family of solutions which converges to the ground state solution of the limiting problem as μ → 0 −. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is dedicated to the Cauchy problem of the two dimensional chemotaxis-shallow water system in the critical Besov spaces. We first obtain the global solutions to this system with small initial data and then investigate the optimal time decay rate of the solutions by a suitable energy argument (independent of the spectral analysis). Moreover, the bacterial density is allowed to vanish here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first consider the relationship between a polynomial ring B over a Noetherian domain R and the ring of invariants A of a G a -action on B , when A occurs as a retract of B. Next, we study retracts of a polynomial ring in general and address the questions of D.L. Costa raised in [5]. Finally, we examine the behaviour of ideals and certain properties of rings under retractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we mainly investigate ground states of trapped attractive Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) passing an obstacle in the plane, which can be described by an L 2 -critical constraint minimization problem in an exterior domain Ω = R 2 ∖ ω , where the bounded convex domain ω ⊂ R 2 with smooth boundary denotes the region of the obstacle. It is shown that minimizers (i.e. ground states) exist, if and only if the interaction strength a satisfies a < a ⁎ = ‖ Q ‖ 2 2 , where Q > 0 is the unique positive radial solution of Δ u − u + u 3 = 0 in R 2. If the trapping potential V (x) attains its global minima only along the whole boundary ∂Ω, the limit behavior of minimizers is analyzed as a ↗ a ⁎ by employing the Pohozaev identity and the delicate energy analysis, where the mass concentration occurs at the flattest critical point of V (x) on ∂Ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the following 1-Laplace equation − ε Div (D u / | D u |) + a (x) u / | u | = h (u) (x ∈ R N) in BV space is considered, where ε > 0 is a small parameter, N ≥ 2 ; and a : R N → R , h : R → R are suitable functions. The existence of bounded variation solutions are obtained by employing the nonsmooth critical point theorem. Furthermore, the concentration behavior of the solutions are studied and a single spike shape of the solutions is proved when the parameter ε is small enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a special two-dimensional (2D) Boussinesq system modeling buoyancy driven fluids. It governs the motion of the velocity and temperature perturbations near the hydrostatic balance. This is a partially dissipated system with the velocity involving only the vertical dissipation. We are able to establish the global stability and the large-time behavior of the solutions. In particular, our results reveal that the buoyancy force actually stabilizes the fluids through the coupling and interaction. Without the coupling, the 2D Navier-Stokes equation with only vertical dissipation is not known to be stable. Mathematically the coupling allows us to deduce that both the velocity and the temperature obey degenerate damped wave equations, which generates the stabilization effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider the semilinear elliptic equation − Δ u = λ f (u) in the unit ball B 1 ⊂ R N , with Dirichlet data u | ∂ B 1 = 0 , where λ ≥ 0 is a real parameter and f is a C 1 positive, nondecreasing and convex function in [ 0 , ∞) such that f (s) / s → ∞ as s → ∞. In this paper we study the behavior of f ′ (u ⁎) near the origin when u ⁎ , the extremal solution of the previous problem associated to λ = λ ⁎ , is singular. This answers to an open problems posed by Brezis and Vázquez [2, Open problem 5]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a multi-agent system whose dynamics is governed by a gradient flow on the unit sphere associated with the interaction potential between positions of all agents measured by a weighted distance | x i − x j | p + 2 for any p ≠ 0. In this paper, we employ both attractive and repulsive couplings to study the asymptotic behavior of the system accompanied by both p > 0 (positive range) and p < 0 (negative range), and this enables to yield richer dynamical phenomena. Firstly in an attractive regime, we focus on the emergence of the complete aggregation; however, the relaxation dynamics towards the aggregated state for the positive range differs from the one for the negative range. More precisely for p > 0 , the complete aggregation occurs with an algebraic rate O (t − 1 / p). On the other hand for p < 0 , the issue of global existence arises due to the singular interaction and is crucially related to the aggregation estimate. To this end, we show that the complete aggregation emerges in finite time and thus a solution exists until such a time. Lastly in a repulsive regime, we mainly consider the splay state for both positive and negative ranges, and several case studies are presented to obtain the qualitative insight. Finally, we compare our results with the case of p = 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Versatile interface between optimisation tools and Finite Element solver developed. • Capacity demonstrated for a range of objective functions. • Applications detailed for the identification of material parameters in the spine. • Toolbox shared under GPL license at https://github.com/mengomarlene/opti4Abq. In computational modelling of musculoskeletal applications, one of the critical aspects is ensuring that a model can capture intrinsic population variability and not only representative of a "mean" individual. Developing and calibrating models with this aspect in mind is key for the credibility of a modelling methodology. This often requires calibration of complex models with respect to 3D experiments and measurements on a range of specimens or patients. Most Finite Element (FE) software's do not have such a capacity embedded in their core tools. This paper presents a versatile interface between Finite Element (FE) software and optimisation tools, enabling calibration of a group of FE models on a range of experimental data. It is provided as a Python toolbox which has been fully tested and verified on Windows platforms. The toolbox is tested in three case studies involving in vitro testing of spinal tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To exploit resources, animals implement various foraging behaviors to increase their fitness. Entomopathogenic nematodes are obligate parasites of insects in nature. In previous studies, entomopathogenic nematodes were reported to exhibit group movement behavior in the presence and absence of insect hosts. However, it was not determined if group movement is continuous or temporal. For example, nematode movement behavior upon emergence from the host might start out in an independent fashion prior to aggregation, or group movement may be exhibited continuously. In the present study, we explored the propensity for innate group movement behavior of two insect parasitic nematodes in two families and genera: Heterorhabditis indica and Steinernema carpocapsae . We hypothesized the nematode populations would initially move independently from their origin and then come together for group movement. Movement patterns were investigated in sand when nematodes were applied in aqueous suspension (via filter paper) to a specific locus or when the nematodes emerged naturally from infected insect hosts. To compare nematode movement behavior over time and space, nematode dispersal was monitored at three distances (2.5, 4.5 and 8.0 cm) from the center (origin) and at two different time periods, 2 days and 3 days after nematode addition. We discovered that nematode dispersal continuously exhibited an aggregative pattern (independent movement was not observed). Results from both nematode species as well as the host-cadaver and filter paper (aqueous nematode suspension) application methods indicated a continuous aggregative pattern. The discovery of continuous aggregative movement patterns in steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes elucidates further the complexity of their foraging behavior and may serve as basis for exploring foraging behavior in other host-parasite systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the following Kirchhoff type problem { − (a + b ∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x) Δ u + λ V (x) u = | u | p − 2 u in R 3 , u ∈ H 1 (R 3) , where a > 0 is a constant, b and λ are positive parameters, and 2 < p < 6. Suppose that the nonnegative continuous potential V represents a potential well with the bottom V − 1 (0) , the equation has been extensively studied in the case 4 ≤ p < 6. In contrast, no existence result of solutions is available for the case 2 < p < 4 due to the presence of the term (∫ R 3 | ∇ u | 2 d x) Δ u. By combining the truncation technique and the parameter-dependent compactness lemma, we prove the existence of positive solutions for b small and λ large in the case 2 < p < 4. Moreover, we also explore the decay rate of the positive solutions as | x | → ∞ as well as their asymptotic behavior as b → 0 and λ → ∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of spatial heterogeneity on population dynamics have been studied extensively. However, the effects of temporal periodicity on the dynamics of general periodic-parabolic reaction-diffusion systems remain largely unexplored. As a first attempt to understand such effects, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the principal eigenvalue for linear cooperative periodic-parabolic systems with small diffusion rates. As an application, we show that if a cooperative system of periodic ordinary differential equations has a unique positive periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable, then the corresponding reaction-diffusion system with either the Neumann or regular oblique derivative boundary condition also has a unique positive periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable, provided that the diffusion coefficients are sufficiently small. The role of temporal periodicity, spatial heterogeneity and their combined effects with diffusion will be studied in subsequent papers for further understanding and illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider an elliptic equation with unbounded drift in an exterior domain, and obtain quantitative uniqueness estimates at infinity, i.e. the non-trivial solution of − △ u + W ⋅ ∇ u = 0 decays in the form of exp ⁡ (− C | x | log 2 ⁡ | x |) at infinity provided ‖ W ‖ L ∞ (R 2 ∖ B 1) ≲ 1 , which is sharp with the help of some counterexamples. These results also generalize the decay theorem by Kenig-Wang [13] or Kenig-Silvestre-Wang [14] in the whole space. As an application, the asymptotic behavior of an incompressible fluid around a bounded obstacle is also considered. Specially for the two-dimensional case, we can improve the decay rate in [16] to exp ⁡ (− C | x | log 2 ⁡ | x |) , where the minimal decaying rate of exp ⁡ (− C | x | 3 2 +) is obtained by Kow-Lin in a recent paper [16] by using appropriate Carleman estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the effects of nonlinear diffusion on global solvability and stabilization in a variety of models which generalizes the following prototype { n t + u ⋅ ∇ n = ∇ ⋅ (n m − 1 ∇ n) − ∇ ⋅ (n ∇ c) − ρ n , c t + u ⋅ ∇ c = Δ c − c + ρ , ρ t + u ⋅ ∇ ρ = Δ ρ − ρ n , u t + ∇ P = Δ u + (n + ρ) ∇ ϕ , ∇ ⋅ u = 0 with a given function ϕ ∈ W 2 , ∞ (Ω) , where Ω ⊂ R 3 is a general bounded domain with smooth boundary. Based on an energy-type argument combined with maximal Sobolev regularity theory, we conclude that if m > 37 33 , an associated initial-boundary value problem admits at least one globally bounded weak solution which stabilizes toward the spatial homogeneous equilibrium (n ∞ , ρ ∞ , ρ ∞ , 0) in the sense that ‖ n (⋅ , t) − n ∞ ‖ L p (Ω) + ‖ c (⋅ , t) − ρ ∞ ‖ W 1 , ∞ (Ω) + ‖ ρ (⋅ , t) − ρ ∞ ‖ W 1 , ∞ (Ω) + ‖ u (⋅ , t) ‖ L ∞ (Ω) → 0 as t → ∞ for any p > 1 , where n ∞ : = 1 | Ω | { ∫ Ω n 0 − ∫ Ω ρ 0 } + and ρ ∞ : = 1 | Ω | { ∫ Ω ρ 0 − ∫ Ω n 0 } +. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the singular Cucker-Smale (C-S) model on the real line. For long range case, i.e. β < 1 , we prove the uniqueness of the solution in the sense of Definition 2.1 and the unconditional flocking emergence. Moreover, the sufficient and necessary condition for collision and sticking phenomenon will be provided. For short range case, i.e. β > 1 , we construct the uniform-in-time lower bound of the relative distance between particles and provide the sufficient and necessary condition for the emergence of multi-cluster formation. For critical case, i.e. β = 1 , we show the uniform lower bound of the relative distance and unconditional flocking emergence. These results provide a complete classification of the collective behavior for C-S model on the real line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout his career, Konrad Lorenz, co-founder of ethology, extrapolated from animal behaviour to humans – especially concerning degeneration as a result of domestication – and then prescribed for the allegedly resulting ills of society. The descriptions were constant. Lorenz had observed that wild animals subjected to and bred in captivity often underwent various abnormal physical and behavioural changes, such as changes in stature and coloration, and also in instinctive behaviour patterns – mating, eating, raising young, and so on. He went on to posit that the same sorts of 'degeneration' of human individuals were due to overcrowding, race mixing, poor nutrition, overbreeding, etc. – any kind of human society being equated with captivity – and claimed that faults in human society arose from these sorts of individual degeneration effects. Then, of course, as a physician, he prescribed for how society might be cured. Since he came to scientific prominence during the Nazi era, there have been constant criticisms and accusations that Lorenz must have been a Nazi and that Nazi ideology underlay many of his ideas about humanity and ethology. The thesis of this paper is that Lorenz had accepted the truth of human degeneration and social decline before the rise of Nazism. While he adopted Nazi-type terminology, prescriptions and arguments during the early stages of his career (which coincided with the rise and fall of the Third Reich), he dropped them as soon as the end of World War II rendered them unacceptable. Thereafter Lorenz retained the belief in human degeneration and social decline, but chose other arguments and prescriptions based in part on popular theories of the day, e.g. capitalism, and later ecology. • Konrad Lorenz was one of the major founders of ethology. • He came to scientific prominence during the Nazi era. • He believed that degeneration and social decline were the result of domestication. • Early in his career, he adopted Nazi-type terminology, prescriptions and arguments. • After World War II, he adopted more popular theories of the day (capitalism, ecology). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider the existence and asymptotic behavior of k -convex solution to the boundary blow-up k -Hessian problem S k (D 2 u) = H (x) f (u) for x ∈ Ω , u (x) → + ∞ as dist (x , ∂ Ω) → 0 , where k ∈ { 1 , 2 , ⋯ , N } , S k (D 2 u) is the k -Hessian operator, Ω is a smooth, bounded, strictly convex domain in R N (N ≥ 2) , H ∈ C ∞ (Ω) is positive in Ω, but is not necessarily bounded on ∂Ω, and f is a smooth positive function that satisfies the so-called Keller-Osserman condition. Further results are obtained for the special case that Ω is a ball. Our approach to show the existence and asymptotic behavior, exploits the method of sub- and super-solutions and Karamata regular variation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a reduced closed subscheme in P n , π : X → π (X) ⊂ P n − 1 be a projection from a point outside X and Z i (X) ⊂ π (X) be the closed subscheme defined by the i -th partial elimination ideal K i (I X) , which is supported on the (i + 1) -th multiple points of π. In this paper, motivated from projection methods to prove Eisenbud-Goto conjecture on regularity in many cases, we describe the syzygetic behaviors and Castelnuovo normality of the projection with a viewpoint of the regularity of the partial elimination ideal K i (I X) , i ≥ 1 (or that of the multiple locus Z i (X) of π). We also give some applications to the syzygies and Castelnuovo normality of successive projections, which recover and generalize some known results in [1,3,15,16]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an experimental investigation of Schelling's theory of focal points that compares group and individual behaviour. We find that, when players' interests are perfectly aligned, groups more often choose the salient option and achieve higher coordination success than individuals. However, in games with conflicts of interest, groups do not always perform better than individuals, especially when the degree of conflict is substantial. We also find that groups outperform individuals when identifying the solution to the coordination problem requires some level of cognitive sophistication. Finally, players that successfully identify the solution to this game also achieve greater coordination rates than other players in games with a low degree of conflict. This result raises the question of whether finding the focal point is more a matter of logic rather than imagination as Schelling argued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Moral foundations predict other-regarding behavior but sometimes in unexpected ways. • Which moral foundations predict behavior are highly sensitive to the task measured. • Fairness predicts voluntary survey return and donations to non-veteran causes. • Loyalty strongly predicts charitable giving when veteran causes are an option. • Authority/obedience is consistently linked to lower rates of other-regarding behavior. This paper examines moral foundations as a predictor of other-regarding behavior outside a laboratory setting. We link responses to the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) with direct measures of other-regarding behavior in two studies. In both studies, moral foundations (as measured by the MFQ) predict other-regarding behavior. Study 1 finds the return rate of a follow-up survey is positively predicted by individualizing foundations and negatively predicted by binding foundations, particularly authority. Study 2 finds the relationships between moral foundations and donations to pre-selected charities are highly sensitive to the inclusion of a veterans charity in the choice set. Individualizing foundations positively predict donations in non-veterans conditions, while loyalty (positively) and authority (negatively) predict donations in veterans conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An empirical exploration of counterproductive, opposite to intended effects of gamification. • A combination of qualitative and quantitative research. • Seven distinct counterproductive effects have been identified. • Provides a number of general implications for gamification design. The concept of gamification has evoked increasing attention in HCI research and practice. Gamification uses game elements in serious, non-game contexts in order to motivate a particular target behavior or attitude change (e.g., sustainable behavior, physical activity, task management). While gamification has been attributed a high potential, a critical question is whether it actually induces the intended effect. The present research explores ''counterproductive effects of gamification'', i.e., cases when a gamification element does not encourage the intended behavior but rather the opposite (e.g., procrastination instead of getting things done). Studying the example of the gamified task manager Habitica, our paper reports insights from two consecutive studies. Study 1, a qualitative interview study based on interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) with one single user revealed seven themes describing distinct counterproductive effects in Habitica, and additional seven themes related to Habitica's reward/punishment system and psychological reactions to counterproductive effects. Study 2 further explored these findings in a quantitative field study with 45 users over a two-week usage period, also studying correlations to user experience, product evaluation, motivation to play Habitica and individual belief in gamification. All participants experienced counterproductive effects to some degree, whereby some effects (e.g., being punished by Habitica in especially productive times, since one does not manage to check off tasks in time) were more prevalent than others (e.g., relabeling tasks as positive habits with no due date to prevent the risk of punishments). The prevalence of counterproductive effects was correlated to the users' perceived inappropriateness of the reward system, and a crucial predictor for motivation change over time. Relations to psychological mechanisms, general implications for gamification design and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that auctions with multi-unit demand can be used to experimentally conduct new and novel tests of auction theory. The focus of the paper is on changes in bidding behavior as the auction is "scaled up" by adding more bidders and increasing both the demand per bidder and supply of the auctioned good. We identify uniquely tractable environments and obtain clear cut theoretical comparative statics in these settings. This leads to the construction of uniform price auctions of different scales where the prediction is that risk neutral bidders' bids on the last unit they demand are independent of scale. In our experiment, bidders on average bid much more aggressively than predicted by theory. There is also evidence of a scale effect, with more aggressive bidding in the small-scale treatment compared to the large-scale treatment. It is argued that these features are consistent with joy of winning and anticipated regret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper examines a gimballed horizontal pendulum for use as an energy harvester. It can be designed for threshold escape behavior rather than the conventional method of matching frequencies. A nonlinear electromechanical model is developed to study the system's equilibrium states as a function of tilt angle. Bifurcation diagrams and basins of attraction are generated to illustrate these equilibria and their associated stability. A static bifurcation point is solved for analytically and the implications for an energy harvester, one that can be designed to jump across stable attractors based on forcing amplitudes, are discussed. Amplitude sweeps are conducted showing a dynamic bifurcation point that varies as a function of frequency and effective damping. Experiments are run to validate computational results and the applications for energy harvesters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we establish the existence of viscosity solutions of Hessian equations with singular right-hand sides and obtain the asymptotic boundary behavior of solutions. The asymptotic results generalize those for Poisson equations and Monge-Ampère equations, and are more precise than obtained from Hopf lemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of smooth solutions to the generalized Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics system (1.1) with one single diffusion on the whole space R 3. We establish that, in the inviscid resistive case, the energy ‖ b (t) ‖ 2 2 vanishes and ‖ u (t) ‖ 2 2 converges to a constant as time tends to infinity provided the velocity is bounded in W 1 − α , 3 α (R 3) ; in the viscous non-resistive case, the energy ‖ u (t) ‖ 2 2 vanishes and ‖ b (t) ‖ 2 2 converges to a constant provided the magnetic field is bounded in W 1 − β , ∞ (R 3). In summary, one single diffusion, being as weak as (− Δ) α b or (− Δ) β u with small enough α , β , is sufficient to prevent asymptotic energy oscillations for certain smooth solutions to the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the present paper, we study the effect of the minimal length on two well-known potentials: Coulomb and Hulthèn in transitional nuclei near the critical point symmetry X(3). Albeit these two potentials have mathematically similar behaviors at small deformations and give the same results for energy spectra and electromagnetic transition rates of nuclei, they behave differently in the presence of a minimal length. It appears that this latter acts on the intrinsic structure of the potential allowing both potentials' actions to be differentiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain conditions about the existence and boundary behavior of (strictly) convex solutions to the Monge–Ampère equations with boundary blow-up det ⁡ D 2 u ( x ) = b ( x ) f ( u ( x ) ) ± | ∇ u | q , x ∈ Ω , u | ∂ Ω = + ∞ , and det ⁡ D 2 u ( x ) = b ( x ) f ( u ( x ) ) ( 1 + | ∇ u | q ) , x ∈ Ω , u | ∂ Ω = + ∞ , where Ω is a strictly convex, bounded smooth domain in R N with N ≥ 2 , q ∈ [ 0 , N ] (or q ∈ [ 0 , N ) ), b ∈ C ∞ ( Ω ) which is positive in Ω, but may vanish or blow up on the boundary, f ∈ C [ 0 , ∞ ) , f ( 0 ) = 0 , and f is strictly increasing on [ 0 , ∞ ) (or f ∈ C ( R ) , f ( s ) > 0 , ∀ s ∈ R , and f is strictly increasing on R ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: Grazing has been associated with poor weight loss or weight regain in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, but research remains scarce and complicated by the use of different non-validated measures. The aim of this paper is to describe the validation of the Rep(eat)-Q, a self-report measure developed to assess grazing, and investigates its relationship with BMI and psychopathology.Subjects/methods: 1223 university students and community participants (non-clinical; Study A) and 154 pre-bariatric and 84 post-bariatric patients (Study B) completed a set of self-report measures, including the Rep(eat)-Q (worded in Portuguese), to assess disordered eating, depression, anxiety, stress and impulsivity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure; internal consistency construct, convergent and divergent validity were also tested.Results: The Rep(eat)-Q scales showed good internal consistency (α ≥ 0.849) and temporal stability (rsp = 0.824, p < 0.000). Factor analyses generated two subscales: compulsive grazing and repetitive eating. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the Rep(eat)-Q and BMI in the non-clinical population and weight loss and weight regain in the bariatric sample. Generally, the correlations with psychological distress were weak (rsp < 0.4). Strong and significant (rsp≥0.4; p's < 0.05) correlations were found between compulsive grazing and eating disorder psychopathology. Repetitive eating subscale was inversely correlated with cognitive restraint (rsp -0.321, p < 0.05) and directly correlated with uncontrolled eating and emotional eating (rsp = 0.754; rsp = 0.691; p < 0.05).Discussion/conclusion: The Rep(eat)-Q is a valid measure to assess grazing in non-clinical and in bariatric surgery populations. Grazing can be conceptualized on the spectrum of disordered eating behavior, and appears associated with loss of control over eating. Considering the link between grazing and weight outcomes, the Rep(eat)-Q represents a necessary strategy for the systematic screening of grazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Levetiracetam is associated with behavioral adverse effects. • A previous review suggested that pyridoxine may improve behavioral adverse effects. • Recent data provide some additional evidence for the effectiveness of pyridoxine. • Data from randomized, placebo-controlled trials are lacking. • Well-designed, prospective trials are warranted. Levetiracetam (LVT), while an effective treatment for multiple seizure types, is associated with a high incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs). In predominantly retrospective studies, supplementation with pyridoxine/vitamin B 6 (PN) was associated with improvement in NPAEs in some people. A previous review highlighted a lack of double-blind, controlled trials of PN for the treatment of NPAEs in individuals treated with LVT. The current paper updates the findings from the previous review to include evidence from studies published since June 2019. An updated systematic review of the published literature was performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies published between June 2019 and 2nd November 2022 in which supplementary PN was initiated for the treatment of LVT-associated NPAEs. All study types were eligible. The risk of bias in randomized trials was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Seven additional studies were identified: two double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), four retrospective studies, and one retrospective case series. One RCT reported significant improvements from baseline in behavioral adverse events (BAEs) in both the intervention (PN) group and the low-dose control group (both p < 0.05), with a significantly greater improvement in the intervention group (p < 0.001). In the second RCT, differences in BAE severity between PN and placebo groups at the endpoint were not statistically significant. In one retrospective study, subjective irritability was reported to have improved from baseline in 9/20 individuals (45%) treated with supplementary PN. Data for systematic assessments (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) were available for 10 individuals. Assessment by PHQ-9 showed that six individuals improved, two worsened and two had no change. Based on the GAD-7, three people improved, two worsened and five had no change. In the second retrospective study, 18/41 individuals (44%) who commenced PN following the emergence of BAEs showed "significant" improvement. In a separate group of individuals with pre-existing behavioral problems in whom PN treatment was initiated at the same time as commencing LVT, 3/18 (16.7%) developed BAEs. This compared with 79/458 people (17.2%) who were initially treated only with LVT. The third retrospective study compared treatment-related irritability in individuals who had been treated with both LVT and perampanel, either sequentially or concomitantly. Two people who developed irritability while receiving LVT monotherapy were able to continue treatment with the addition of PN. The fourth study reported a significantly lower LVT discontinuation rate in individuals taking PN and a higher rate of improved behavior in those who were able to continue LVT. The case series reported improvements in behavioral symptoms in six people within two to three weeks of commencing supplementary PN. Data published within the last three years add to earlier evidence suggesting that PN might be effective in the treatment of NPAEs associated with LVT. However, the quality of evidence remains poor and only a few prospective trials have been published. Data from placebo-controlled trials are still largely lacking. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to justify any firm recommendation for PN supplementation to treat NPAEs associated with LVT. Further well-designed, prospective trials are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals commonly enter a task domain with pre-existing emotions. These pre-existing emotions, known as incidental emotions, can potentially shape subsequent goal-setting behaviors without individuals’ awareness, and in unique ways based on the characteristics associated with each emotion. Existing literature, however, does little to inform us about the specific effects of these emotions on goal-setting behaviors. In this paper, we draw on the theory of self-regulation of action and affect to argue that incidental anger and sadness originating from an ostensibly unrelated domain will have distinct effects on individuals’ goal-setting behaviors on a task. The theory suggests that anger is associated with approach behavioral tendencies while sadness is associated with deactivation behavioral tendencies. Hence, we hypothesize that individuals who are experiencing anger from an unrelated source will experience higher self-efficacy and in turn set higher goals after receiving task feedback as compared to individuals who are experiencing sadness. Results from a field study and an experimental study, both with undergraduate samples, supported our hypotheses. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely assumed that responses on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) represent long-term (trait) attitudes to eating behaviour. However, the questionnaire requires agreement with a number of food related statements, and it is possible that some are easier to agree with when assessed hungry than sated. To test this potential state-dependency, participants completed a 100 mm visual analogue scale rating of their current hunger at the time they completed the TFEQ. Data were collected from two cohorts: Cohort 1 (507 women and 119 men) completed both measures on paper, while the hunger rating was computerised in Cohort 2 (179 women). Regression analysis revealed significant effects of rated hunger on scores on the hunger (TFEQ-H) and disinhibition (TFEQ-D) but not restraint (TFEQ-R) subscales, with higher TFEQ-H and TFEQ-D scores when participants were more hungry. In addition, 61 women and two men from Cohort 1 completed the measures on two separate occasions. Here, scores on TFEQ-H were higher on days when these participants were hungrier, but no differences in TFEQ-D or TFEQ-R were found. Overall these data suggest TFEQ-H could be interpreted as an indirect measure of current hunger, that scores on TFEQ-D are partly moderated by hunger but TFEQ-R is a more trait-like measure of restraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as one of the most important and extensively used Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is known to likely cause dysfunctions of the endocrine systems, liver, and nervous systems of animals. In this paper, the degradation and behavior of DMP were investigated in a laboratory scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (AAO) treatment system. In addition, a degradation model including biodegradation and sorption was formulated so as to evaluate the fate of DMP in the treatment system, and a mass balance model was designed to determine kinetic parameters of the removal model. The study indicated that the optimal operation condition of HRT and SRT for DMP and nutrients removal were 18 h and 15 d respectively, and the degradation rates of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones for DMP were 13.4%, 13.0% and 67.7%, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the degraded DMP was 73.8%, the released DMP in the effluent was 5.8%, the accumulated DMP was 19.3%, and the remained DMP in the waste sludge was 1.1%. Moreover, the degradation process of DMP by acclimated activated sludge was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation. The model can be used for accurately modeling the degradation and behavior of DMP in the AAO system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the 1960s Shapley provided an example of a two-player fictitious game with periodic behaviour. In this game, player A aims to copy B''s behaviour and player B aims to play one ahead of player A. In this paper we generalise Shapley''s example by introducing an external parameter. We show that the periodic behaviour in Shapley''s example at some critical parameter value disintegrates into unpredictable (chaotic) behaviour, with players dithering a huge number of times between different strategies. At a further critical parameter the dynamics becomes periodic again, but now both players aim to play one ahead of the other. In this paper we adopt a geometric (dynamical systems) approach. Here we prove rigorous results on continuity of the dynamics and on the periodic behaviour, while in the sequel to this paper we shall describe the chaotic behaviour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Theories of cartel stability assume detection is uncertain, but also unambiguous. Recent empirical studies find that cartel agreements are contractually incomplete. If so, whether an action constitutes violation may be ambiguous. While theory emphasizes the ineffectiveness of agreements that are not fully specified ex ante, recent research shows that stable cartels may often renegotiate terms to eliminate loopholes caused by incompleteness. Naturally, renegotiations can lead to breakdowns, but sometimes threats of breakdown are resolved. This paper examines the strategy adopted by Cuban negotiators to resolve a near breakdown in the International Sugar Agreement of 1931. Cuba made a threat of retaliation credible by using a strategy of brinkmanship. The paper contributes to recent empirical work, such as Levenstein [Explorations in Economic History 33 (1996) 107; Journal of Industrial Economics 45 (2) (1997) 117] and Genesove and Mullin [American Economic Review 91 (3) (2001) 379], which uses the economics of organization to interpret cartel behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The self allows us to reflect on our own behavior and to imagine what others think of us. Clinical experience suggests that these abilities may be impaired in people with personality disorders. They do not recognize the impact that their behavior has on others, and they have difficulty understanding how they are seen by others. We collected information regarding pathological personality traits—using both self and peer report measures—from groups of people who knew each other well (at the end of basic military training). In previous papers, we have reported that agreement between self-report and peer-report is only modest. In this paper, we address the question: Do people know that others disagree with their own perceptions of themselves? We found that expected peer scores predicted variability in peer report over and above self-report for all 10 diagnostic traits. People do have some incremental knowledge of how they are viewed by others, but they do not tell you about it unless you ask them to do so; the knowledge is not reflected in ordinary self-report data. Among participants who expect their peers to describe them as narcissistic, those who agree with this assessment are viewed as being less narcissistic by their peers than those who deny being narcissistic. It therefore appears that insight into how one is viewed by others can moderate negative impressions fostered by PD traits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background. Evaluations of physical activity and health media campaigns have been limited and ignore the complex process of communication and the socially constructed nature of news messages.Methods. A systematic search strategy was conducted of the literature which was then assessed from two perspectives. First, studies since 1998 were reviewed for their success in impacting message recall and behavior change. Second, employing a critical media studies perspective the papers were assessed for the presence of a more sophisticated understanding of the media processes of inception, transmission and reception.Results. Overall, recent studies support mass media interventions in influencing short-term physical activity message recall and to a lesser extent associated changes in physical activity knowledge. However, the majority of the papers were found to follow a social marketing or media advocacy theory of media promotion with little in-depth consideration of the comprehensive media processes involved in creating media messages and meaning.Conclusions. Simplistic understandings of media transmission dominate in assessing physical activity and health media campaigns. Fuller understandings of the success of media campaigns, the recall of media messages or associated behaviour change can only truly be understood through the application of a more sophisticated form of media analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In addition to upending nearly every segment of the economy, COVID-19 has uprooted social life as we know it and the innumerable discourses and practices therein contained. While a terrible event, it can also be approached as offering a once-in-a-lifetime (hopefully) natural experiment. This is certainly true as far as the global pandemic applies to how and what we eat, given how it has radically altered many everyday food-related practices, whether due to supply chain failures or state-mandates (e.g., shelter-in-place orders). This paper is based on data collected pre- and post-outbreak, triangulating survey and qualitative data, in an attempt to further interrogate the concepts of ethical consumption and activism broadly defined, including the idea of consumer activism. With conceptual assistance from social practice theory, the paper interrogates certain long-standing questions in the literature, such as ethical consumption's link to other forms of political action. It also poses new ones, such as by disentangling the various ways individuals do (and do not do) ethical consumption. Finally, the data suggest tentative empirical and conceptual paths forward as we contemplate ethical consumption and social activism more generally in the shadow of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the increasing number of neuroimaging publications, the automated knowledge extraction on brain-behavior associations by quantitative meta-analyses has become a highly important and rapidly growing field of research. Among several methods to perform coordinate-based neuroimaging meta-analyses, Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) has been widely adopted. In this paper, we addressed two pressing questions related to ALE meta-analysis: i) Which thresholding method is most appropriate to perform statistical inference? ii) Which sample size, i.e., number of experiments, is needed to perform robust meta-analyses? We provided quantitative answers to these questions by simulating more than 120,000 meta-analysis datasets using empirical parameters (i.e., number of subjects, number of reported foci, distribution of activation foci) derived from the BrainMap database. This allowed to characterize the behavior of ALE analyses, to derive first power estimates for neuroimaging meta-analyses, and to thus formulate recommendations for future ALE studies. We could show as a first consequence that cluster-level family-wise error (FWE) correction represents the most appropriate method for statistical inference, while voxel-level FWE correction is valid but more conservative. In contrast, uncorrected inference and false-discovery rate correction should be avoided. As a second consequence, researchers should aim to include at least 20 experiments into an ALE meta-analysis to achieve sufficient power for moderate effects. We would like to note, though, that these calculations and recommendations are specific to ALE and may not be extrapolated to other approaches for (neuroimaging) meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ring chromosome 20 [r(20)] syndrome is an underdiagnosed chromosomal anomaly characterized by severe epilepsy, behavioral problems, and mild-to-moderate cognitive deficits. Since the cognitive and behavioral decline follows seizure onset, this syndrome has been proposed as an epileptic encephalopathy (EE). The recent overwhelming development of advanced neuroimaging techniques has opened a new era in the investigation of the brain networks subserving the EEs. In particular, functional neuroimaging tools are well suited to show alterations related to epileptiform discharges at the network level and to build hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the cognitive disruption observed in these conditions. This paper reviews the brain circuits and their disruption as revealed by functional neuroimaging studies in patients with [r(20)] syndrome. It discusses the clinical consequences of the neuroimaging findings on the management of patients with [r(20)] syndrome, including their impact to an earlier diagnosis of this disorder. Based on the available lines of evidences, [r(20)] syndrome is characterized by interictal and ictal dysfunctions within basal ganglia–prefrontal lobe networks and by long-lasting effects of the peculiar theta–delta rhythm, which represents an EEG marker of the syndrome on integrated brain networks that subserve cognitive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]