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Mathematical elements of maps, in addition to the methods of presenting content with cartographic symbols and the criteria of cartographic generalization, are the most important elements of modern ground plan view maps. At the same time, on maps for orienteering disciplines, which are the most internationally unified maps in the world, the mathematical basis is not defined in very detailed specifications. In this paper, we describe the background and reasons for the apparent insignificance of mathematical content in orienteering maps, and on the example of the analysis of selected maps of Croatia and Slovenia, we determine in which period and to what extent mathematical elements were present on the maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carl Ritter von Ghega was proclaimed 201 8 Surveyor of the Year on 21 March 201 8. In this paper, we explore how this Austrian of Albanian extraction, born in Venice, played an important role in geodesy and the surveying profession and the honours he got up to the present day. We investigate his background and details of his professional path, education and most important contributions in the areas of surveying and engineering at large. We describe his most significant achievement, that is, the Semmering Railway, which was dismissed at the time as impossible to achieve. In 1 998, the Semmering Railway was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Apart from this project, which left a great impression on the engineering profession, von Ghega also developed the Borovnica Viaduct built in the mid-1 9th century in Slovenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the proceedings of the 5th ICA Mountain Cartography Workshop, which was organized by the Commission for the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia and held in Bohinj, Slovenia from March 29-April 1, 2006. Participants from Austria, Croatia, Germany, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland and the U.S. presented 34 papers, which focused on the trends and achievements not only in mountain cartography, but also in monitoring weather conditions geomorphologic changes in mountains and in systems for preventing natural hazards.