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Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which is an oncovirus, can cause sarcoma and consequently induce malignant tumours in chicken (Gallus gallus). Research into molecular factors that regulate the tumour-inducing ability are essential to develop prevention and curation methods against RSV. In this study, we aimed to determine candidate genes contributing to the formation of tumours through a transcriptomic analysis in R programming with GSE42516 and GSE15141, which are microarray expression dataset in GEO-NCBI database. We conducted differential expression analysis among a total of 8 metastatic samples and 5 non-metastatic samples, starting from data normalization, then creating model matrixes for pairwise comparisons and using eBayes function to calculate the log fold chance values and significance level of all genes (p-value). As a result, in GSE42516, we identified 295 significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 195 downregulated genes (logFC ≤ -1) and 190 upregulated genes (logFC ≥ 1). While in GSE15141, a greater list of DEGs was extracted, with 1444 downregulated genes and 1314 upregulated genes. Top 5 DEGs retrieved in GSE42516 were TTC32, DHRS7, RARB, RSPO3, C1QB and RBM24, TOM1L1, LIPI, HINTW, C20orf59 were found in GSE15141. Enrichment GO (in this case, biological process - BP) analysis revealed that the DEGs are mainly enriched in heterochromatin assembly, negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation and endocytosis. The identified genes may have a vital role in elucidating the molecular metastasis mechanisms and developing effective strategies against sarcoma virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which is an oncovirus, can cause sarcoma and consequently induce malignant tumours in chicken (Gallus gallus). Research into molecular factors that regulate the tumour-inducing ability are essential to develop prevention and curation methods against RSV. In this study, we aimed to determine candidate genes contributing to the formation of tumours through a transcriptomic analysis in R programming with GSE42516 and GSE15141, which are microarray expression dataset in GEO-NCBI database. We conducted differential expression analysis among a total of 8 metastatic samples and 5 non-metastatic samples, starting from data normalization, then creating model matrixes for pairwise comparisons and using eBayes function to calculate the log fold chance values and significance level of all genes (p-value). As a result, in GSE42516, we identified 295 significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 195 downregulated genes (logFC ≤ -1) and 190 upregulated genes (logFC ≥ 1). While in GSE15141, a greater list of DEGs was extracted, with 1444 downregulated genes and 1314 upregulated genes. Top 5 DEGs retrieved in GSE42516 were TTC32, DHRS7, RARB, RSPO3, C1QB and RBM24, TOM1L1, LIPI, HINTW, C20orf59 were found in GSE15141. Enrichment GO (in this case, biological process - BP) analysis revealed that the DEGs are mainly enriched in heterochromatin assembly, negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation and endocytosis. The identified genes may have a vital role in elucidating the molecular metastasis mechanisms and developing effective strategies against sarcoma virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus on the refinement, reduction and replacement of animal use in toxicity testing requires the development of cell-based systems that mimic the effects of xenobiotics including bisphenols in human tissues. The human H295R adreno-carcinoma cell line provides a good in vitro system for the analysis of the human adrenal steroidogenic pathway at the level of hormone production and gene expression, because it expresses genes that encode for all the key enzymes for steroidogenesis. In this review we provide an introduction to H295R cell line and its use for research of toxicological effects of bisphenols, which represents an important contaminant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HT-29 is the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line mostly used to study human colon cancers. Because of its ability to resemble mature intestinal cells, its use is wide. HT-29 cell line is a suitable in vitro model for intestinal cells to monitor the toxicity of mycotoxins, because these cells correspond to one of the main organs of action of mycotoxins. The main studied parameters of the effects of mycotoxins on HT-29 cell line include cell viability, cell apoptosis or necrosis, oxidative damage, immunotoxicity and macromolecule synthesis. In this review we provide an introduction to HT-29 cell line and its use for research of toxicological effects of mycotoxins, which represents an important food contaminant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations of macrolide antibiotics (tilmicosin-TILM, tylosin-TYL and spiramycin-SPI) on selected animal cell cultures. VERO cells (kidney cells from Macacus rhesus), FE cells (feline embryonal cells) and BHK 21 cells (cell line from young hamster kidneys) were used in the study and subjected to 50-1000 µg/mL macrolides, depending on the specific antibiotic and cell line. The cell viability was assessed using the metabolic mitochondrial MTT test. FE cells were the most sensitive to TILM with a significant decrease of viability at 100-150 µg/mL (P<0.001). VERO cells were the most resistant. FE cells showed the highest sensitivity to TYL, as 1000 µg/mL significantly reduced the cell viability (P<0.001) when compared to the untreated control. VERO cells exhibited the highest resilience, with no significant differences of viability in comparison to the control. BHK 21 cells exhibited the highest sensitivity to SPI, as all concentrations led to a significant decrease (P<0.001) of the viability. On the other hand, VERO cells revealed the highest resistance to SPI. Our data reveal that macrolides have a significant adverse effect on the cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]