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This paper examines newspaper cartels, a largely unoccupied field in media history, from the perspective of longevity. We analyse Finnish newspaper industry from the 1910s to 1970s and show that newspapers sought to regulate various aspects of competition, such as subscription prices, advertisement tariffs, and newsprint prices. Data indicates that political rivalry shaped the newspaper cartel collaboration until late 1950s: the cartel was set up by right-wing and centrist papers and, unlike in other Nordic countries, the Social Democratic press remained outside of the association until 1958. Political shocks of the Finnish Civil War in 1918 and the Second World War also changed the composition of the cartel. The era of private cartels in the newspaper industry gradually started to fade away as a result of anti-cartel laws in the 1960s and governmental anti-inflation measures in the 1970s. We conclude that the economics of newspaper industry and the cartelisation of the wider business environment, newsprint suppliers in particular, encouraged newspapers to co-operate with each other. The results of this article increase the understanding on the collaborative and competitive environment of newspaper companies, but also contributes to broader questions on cartels and their inner dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using in-depth interviews, newsroom observation, and internal documents, this case study presents and analyses changes that have taken place at Finnish financial daily Taloussanomat since it stopped printing on 28 December 2007 to focus exclusively on digital delivery via the Web, email, and mobile. It reveals the savings that can be achieved when a newspaper no longer prints and distributes a physical product; but also the revenue lost from subscriptions and print advertising. The consequences of a newspaper's decision to go online-only are examined as they relate to its business model, website traffic, and editorial practice. The findings illustrate the extent to which the medium rather than the content it carries determines news consumption patterns, show the differing attention a newspaper and its online substitute command, and reveal the changes to working patterns journalists can expect in the online-only environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers an overview of specific characteristics of newspaper output and publishing trends in Latvia, aiming to assess whether the newspaper output in Latvia plays the roles theoretically ascribed to newspapers, namely, the roles related to democracy and community building. It is argued that media pluralism is crucial for executing these roles. The assessment of pluralism is based on an exploratory analysis of quantitative data on newspaper output in Latvia. The analysis is accompanied by a discussion of challenges experienced in the newspaper publishing field in Latvia and elsewhere that can potentially hinder the ability of newspapers to execute the roles theoretically ascribed to them. Finally, insights gained during the research process are shared regarding research required to further the analysis of newspaper output in terms of plurality in the sense of access to different news sources and, by extension, perspectives and public representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the historical geography of British child migration to New Zealand between 1949 and 1954; a period that marked the 'beginning of the end' of centuries of state-sanctioned emigration of unaccompanied, poor, British children. This particular child migration programme was executed under the dual motivations of boosting the New Zealand economy through population increase, whilst 'rescuing' British children living in poverty. This paper seeks to explore the concept of the commodification of children through an historical account based on thematic analysis of New Zealand newspaper articles published between 1910 and 2017. This analysis demonstrates the way newspaper stories both reflect social discourse – in this instance concerning the desirability of the hosting of British child migrants – and act as a socio-technical device that shapes them – marketing the children to potential host families. The paper demonstrates how transnational geo-political and geo-economic flows of unaccompanied children complicate biocommodification and caring relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how leading provincial newspapers in Edwardian Liverpool incorporated innovations popularised by the daily mass press into their reporting of election-time politics. Drawn from coverage of four general elections, this paper charts how changes in these Liverpudlian newspapers' political coverage showcased a provincial press that was inspired by powerful national competitors, and utilised some of their innovations to the language and formatting of political reporting to attempt to speak more directly to local readerships. This evolution in content both 'localised' and 'sensationalised' these newspapers' approaches to political reporting, and contributed to a broader, positive recalibration of their purpose as provincial newspapers and their connection to their localities. Through this case study, this paper also challenges historical understandings of the national New Journalism's impact on the provincial newspaper industry, as well as the nature of its political content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newspaper globally known as the Guardian began its life in Manchester as the Manchester Guardian. This paper examines the reactions of readers of the newspaper in the context of the decision to remove the word 'Manchester' from the its title in 1959. It uses 251 letters on the subject sent to the newspaper to assess the usefulness of Anthony Cohen's idea of readers as a symbolic community. This approach defines community in terms of a shared symbol whose meaning may be interpreted differently by individuals. The study concludes that there were two aspects to the readers' relationship with the newspaper – they were attached to ideas about the symbolic nature of Manchester and the north of England more generally but the meaning they ascribed to being part of a community of readers differed in a nuanced way and according to individual interpretations. The newspaper's determination to re-brand as a national rather than a provincial paper caused its readers to try to redefine their identities as members of the symbolic community of the Manchester Guardian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to identify features and regularities pertaining to the process of cooperation between two cities under the conditions of a pre-existing socio-political conflict. The study covers the Bydgoszcz and Toruń Integrated Territorial Investments' support area, the only example of a bilateral arrangement in Poland which includes two voivodship capitals. Due to the specificity of the region and the Toruń-Bydgoszcz rancor, the negotiations preceding the formation of the ITI were turbulent. The research was based on a discursive analysis of newspaper reports published by the regional issue of the country-wide daily Gazeta Wyborcza in the period of 2012–2020 and directly related to the making of the Bydgoszcz-Toruń Functional Area. The purpose of the conducted press search was to reconstruct how the bipolar functional area that had enabled the applying for EU funding was formed, and to identify the socio-political conflicts that had lain behind the creation of the support area. It has been evidenced that disputes rooted in the examined cities significantly hinder the creation of a spatially coherent and functionally complementary bipolar system. The functional area is divided due to the core cities' past and the history of mutual animosities deriving from the local ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1917, after the United States joined the war in Europe and was no longer politically neutral, on the American front, the German ethnic press became a target for censors and critics. The general assumption was that German language papers bred disloyalty among German immigrant communities and posed a threat to the United States' war efforts. This study explores the editorial and political views of the German-language press during the summer of 1917 by assessing the tone of a sample of German language mainstream newspapers during July 1, 1917 through September 30, 1917. The findings show that the overall coverage was less loyal to Imperial Germany than had been argued by U.S. officials and censors. In an effort to assimilate, German immigrant newspapers widely published the U.S. government's official position, showed support for the American war effort, and focused on cultural affairs of the immigrant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to answer the key question regarding to what extent the Spanish population knew about the Holocaust. To accomplish this, the paper analyzes a significant chapter in history, namely, the liberation of Auschwitz by the Soviet troops in January 1945. Thanks to the analysis of a wide repertoire of Spanish newspapers published during the same year, it can be seen how the Spanish population was informed about this event within the context of Francoist dictatorship. The analysis of these pieces of news by means of different media of the Spanish press of that time will enable us to answer a series of questions which have not been answered yet in the Spanish historiography such as: how were the accounts of the concentration camps, gas chambers, death marches and other atrocities committed against the prisoners? Why did it take such a long time for the Spanish press to publish the news which had been circulating in the foreign press? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the way in which leading Yorkshire newspapers, the Leeds Intelligencer and the Leeds Mercury, portrayed mental illness during the late Georgian era. In this period, newspapers were a central forum of public debate, yet a comprehensive analysis of the way they represented mental illness is lacking from the scholarship. Through the textual analysis of the newspaper miscellanies, this paper locates the subject of insanity within the middle-class Northern readership during the years of 1800 to 1840. The press content provides a fascinating glimpse of the opinions of the newly emerging psychiatric practitioners and the peculiarly middle-class fears and concerns about mental illness and its supposed increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early twentieth century, American newspapers enjoyed high circulations while presenting readers with diverse and plentiful content. After 1920, radio broadcasting made even more information available for public consumption, giving audience members an abundant range of media choices. During a time of plenty for readers and listeners, companies in the business of media struggled with the opposite problem: scarcity. As the amount of media content proliferated, the practical ability to disseminate it was determined by the access to scarce resources, and this was true for both radio broadcasting and newspaper publishing. In many respects, the history of the American mass media in the early twentieth century might best be told as a tale of two scarcities, one—the electromagnetic spectrum—defined by absolute limits and the other—the newsprint—defined by access to markets for a particular material, the supply of which often fluctuated in availability and price. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper readdresses issues of the relationship of news consumption patterns to community participation in the US context, however, it looks not only at local news, but also national news. It tests the relationship of both types of news to the important measures of community conversation (both face-to-face and digitally based), and adds "attitude about community participation" to the equation. National news is surprisingly strongly related to both community conversation and attitude, and both of the latter variables are more predictive of community participation than either of the news consumption measures. The relationships are tested in a large American metropolitan area whose newspaper, operating against current trends away from civic journalism, had been actively practicing such for years before our survey was fielded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to show how the legal framework for independent self-regulation of the press in the United Kingdom has developed in the three years since the publication of the Leveson Report in November 2012. The paper begins by providing a brief summary of the negotiations between major newspaper publishers, politicians and civil society organisations which led to the development of a legal framework that is similar to but distinct from the framework recommended by Lord Justice Leveson. This framework is referred to here as the 'post-Leveson framework'. The paper goes on to show how the post-Leveson framework has been implemented in the relevant provisions of the Royal Charter on Self-Regulation of the Press, the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 and the Crime and Courts Act 2013. It then provides a first-hand account of the development of a new self-regulatory body, IMPRESS: The Independent Monitor for the Press CIC, which is designed to inhabit this framework. The paper concludes by arguing that the Leveson recommendations, despite legal and political challenges, may yet have a significant and beneficial impact on the future of media regulation in the United Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with other cultural organizations, newspapers, through waves of digital disruption, have become subject to a dominant narrative of crisis. But newspapers have long participated in change. A constructivist approach, qualified by consideration of media materiality, draws attention to diverse but essential processes of innovation around them. We see a contraflow of migration from digital to print, opening up a shared media space; bonding strategies are bringing multimedia to ink on paper, while bridging via boundary objects such as QR (Quick Response) codes are connecting the two. Among other initiatives, development of automation of news production and experiments with transparency are further evidence of an active embrace of change by newspapers that calls into question the discourse on their demise. This analysis inductively develops a nuanced account of the role of the newspaper as an object and as an institution. It suggests a hybrid, multifaceted, enduring presence of print in the complex media ecology of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User rankings provide detailed information about the news selection of internet audiences. Due to the difficult economic situation of many publishing companies, newsrooms are increasingly forced to take these data into account. This paper contributes to the debate about an increasing audience orientation in journalism. We conducted a content analysis of various media outlets and user rankings in order to explore current differences between journalistic news selection and selections of the audience. Our comparison criteria include news values and topics. The results show similarities in news values, but differences in preferred topics. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by user rankings for the analysis of audience behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Western Spy, a weekly newspaper published by Joseph Carpenter, first appeared in Cincinnati in 1799, four years before Ohio became a state. This article examines the Spy's coverage of Northwest Territory politics and the statehood movement from May 1799 through the Ohio General Assembly's first meeting in March 1803. The study found: the paper's political coverage largely consisted of the publication of raw data without an editorial narrative; the isolation of the Northwest Territory caused delays in the reporting of news, which influenced the Spy's news-gathering, sourcing, and publication schedule; and the paper's reliance on official documents for news often caused it to overlook underlying stories. But most importantly, the Spy exercised the power of the press in an impartial manner, making Carpenter a journalistic pioneer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate over the absence or presence of death in public discourse has dominated death studies for some time. While the argument that death had been removed from public discourse and only existed in the private realm dominated at first, in recent years scholars have come to accept that death has moved back into public discourse. An important aspect has been the role played by the mass media. However, there has been little empirical research as to what level of death is actually visible, for example in terms of photographs. To this end, this paper examines how two German and two Australian newspapers cover death in terms of graphic photographs. By examining the number and types of photographs published during a 2-month timeframe, as well as through in-depth interviews with journalists, this paper argues that visible death is still largely absent from public discourse. Importantly, there exist differences as to what level of graphic death is acceptable between individual newspapers, as well as countries, supporting the argument that the absence/presence of death dichotomy needs to be viewed in a much more complex light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The London Daily Express proclaimed the maxim 'No War this Year' on its front pages as late as 7 August 1939. Newspaper historian Stephen Koss has suggested that the 'no war' slogan was a 'delusion' on the part of the proprietor, Lord Beaverbrook. Berlin chief correspondent, R. Selkirk Panton, was instrumental in ensuring that the policy line was observed through both his news stories and opinion pieces throughout 1938 and 1939. This paper aims to explore the extent to which Panton shared his employer's views, as well as tracing the divergent path of the Express from the rest of Fleet Street and Panton's position as a political outsider within the 'foreign press colony' of Berlin. Through the examination of several key stories during the last year before the outbreak of war, in his copy and personal correspondence, a critical evaluation of how Panton negotiated the space between the policy of the paper and the European crises on which he reported can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the manner through which the International Hockey League (IHL) and its operations were portrayed in newspaper coverage in the larger urban centers of eastern Canada, where hockey had its developmental and organizational roots within the middle- and upper-middle-class community, and compares it to coverage that appeared in newspapers in the communities that hosted IHL teams, which were communities driven by industry and had large working-class populations. To do so, a comparison of newspaper coverage of the IHL in local IHL newspapers with reports published in newspapers in major Canadian cities strongly associated with the origins, development, and organizational control of ice hockey, is undertaken. The development of the sport of ice hockey in both Canada and the USA, and newspaper coverage generally, and hockey specifically, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is reviewed. Representative examples of the coverage of IHL games and operations over the course of its three-year operations are then provided. Having compared the coverage of games and operations of the IHL between IHL and Canadian-based newspapers, the paper concludes with a discussion of how business competition, competing ideologies toward high-level sport, and class-based perceptions regarding violence, aggression, and masculinity can affect the newspaper coverage of sporting events.

This article discusses how the British Labour Party's leadership opposed and then reluctantly welcomed the takeover in 1984 of the "Daily Mirror" newspaper and its sister papers by Robert Maxwell. It considers the significance of this decision by detailing the history of the Mirror's ownership and the particular importance of the paper not having a single proprietor for 50 years. It briefly outlines the position of Neil Kinnock and Labour on journalistic autonomy in the press prior to the Maxwell takeover. By outlining evidence from Neil Kinnock's private papers, it details the secret negotiations held between Kinnock and the Mirror staff in their bid to oppose Maxwell. It also considers how Maxwell intervened and why Kinnock had limited choice but to welcome this "monster," in order to maintain newspaper support for the Labour Party.

The Australian media's interest in education, as in many Anglophone countries, is frequently dominated by concerns about boys in schools. In 2002, in a country region of the Australian State of Queensland, this concern was evident in a debate on the merits of single sex schooling that took place in a small local newspaper. The debate was fuelled by the inclusion in this newspaper of an advertising brochure for an elite private girls' school. The advertisement utilized the current concerns about boys in schools to advocate the benefits of girls' only schools. Drawing on research that suggests that boys are a problem in school, and utilising a peculiar mix of liberal feminism alongside a neo-liberal class politics, it implicitly denigrated the education provided by government co-educational schools. The local government high and primary school principals, incensed at this advertisement, contacted the paper to refute many of its claims and assumptions and to assert the benefits, to both boys and girls, of their particular schools. A letters to the editor debate then followed an article representing these government school principals' views. These letters were from two private school principals. This country newspaper thus became a medium through which various school principals engaged with the current boys' debate, and research associated with it, in order to market their schools. This paper examines this particular newspaper debate and argues that, in the absence of nuanced, research based, and thoughtful policy responses to gender issues, many school policies on gender are being shaped through and by the media in ways that elide the complexities of the issues involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its centenary year the British tabloid periodical, the 'Daily Mirror,' is going through a significant transformation, the most obvious sign of which is the effort to realign itself in the British newspaper market. Editor Piers Morgan argued the re-launch was not about going up market but about becoming a serious paper with serious news, serious sport, serious gossip and serious entertainment. The 'Daily Mirror' has been at the forefront of the development of popular newspaper journalism since its launch in 1903 as the 'First Daily Paper for Gentlewomen.' The late 1940s, 50s and 60s were the heyday of the paper.

Between 1898 and 1912 numerous newspapers published exposés and editorials about the conditions of women's work in diverse trades and lobbied for the enactment of protective labour legislation; these papers spanned the political spectrum. This article examines how two significant left-wing papers, Robert Blatchford's Clarion and Labour's first daily newspaper, the Daily Citizen, handled these issues. The former supported government protection for women poisoned by their work in the match and pottery trades; the latter sought aid for endangered and sweated women in the hollow-ware trade. These left-wing newspapers incorporated techniques and strategies that the mainstream press had pioneered and their position on women's work was indistinguishable from their new liberal counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free daily newspapers, first introduced in Sweden in 1995, have proved to be much more than a passing phenomenon. By 2002, 80 free daily newspapers were introduced in 26 countries, 60 of them still exist. In thirteen countries free papers are responsible for more than ten percent of the total daily weekday circulation. The total circulation of the 60 free papers is almost 10 million copies, every day more than 20 million people read these papers. Vie success of the free papers is the result of their efficient cost structure and their ability to reach a new and relatively young audience. When looking more closely at the firms that publish these free newspapers two different models emerge; first, the entrepreneur entering a new market, and second the local or national newspaper firm. In the second model, free papers are launched to prevent other firms entering the market or to counter new firms already in the market. In the long run these obstructive tactics may develop into more positive strategies. Most readers are former ‘non-readers’ or people who read paid and free newspapers. Existing firms are developing strategies to benefit from the growing readership of newspapers created by free papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain has a highly partisan media system, with newspapers reaching self-selected partisan audiences and espousing explicitly partisan editorial preferences. Do the newspapers of the left and right differ in how they cover politics in ways that can be predicted by their partisan leanings? We review theories of issue ownership, journalistic standards, and information scarcity and test hypotheses derived from each. We find that the parties converge substantially in virtually every aspect of their coverage. Few differences emerge when we look at what topics are covered or in the dynamics of which topics gain attention over time. However, we confirm important differences across the papers when they make explicit reference to individual political parties. Journalistic norms result in a surprising focus on the faults of one’s enemies, however, rather than the virtues of one’s allies. Our assessment is based on a comprehensive database of all front-page stories in El País and El Mundo, Spain’s largest daily newspapers, from 1996 through 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper sheds light on newspaper sub-editors, the “forgotten stepchildren of the newsroom” and considers their position within the larger organizational model of the newsroom. In order to explore the sub-editor's position in the news production chain, we take an ethnographic approach. We draw on participant observation in the newsrooms of a Belgian broadsheet and a broadsheet from the Netherlands. In our study of the sub-editor, we observe how at both newspapers the newsroom model differs from those previously described by Esser, and we propose the term “Lowlands newsroom model”. At the same time, we demonstrate how, although the same Lowlands newsroom model is applied in both newsrooms, the spatial setting, division of workload and the sub-editor's profile impact on the sub-editor's ability to intervene in the news production process. We argue that exploring this newsroom model is necessary, not only considering the general newsroom flow, but also the much debated future of the newspaper “subber”. Furthermore, we aim to open the door to future journalism studies research of the sub-editor and hope to move towards a more complete definition of the sub-editor as a—in the language of Gieber—genuine “newspaperman”. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As American newspapers came under various forms of financial strain in the 1940s, arguably the most significant threat facing the industry during this period was an onslaught of media criticism in conjunction with a series of attempted state interventions. This paper fleshes out recurring themes of 1940s media criticism and shows how they coincided with moves toward regulating the press, which had begun in the late 1930s. Using historical methods, including close readings of newspaper, trade press, and activist literature and other materials that shed light on debates around press reform, this critical revisionist history brings into focus a formative period in the American press system's development. The history that emerges from this archival evidence does not simply bring previously under-researched areas into focus; it also questions the presumed natural laissez-faire arrangement between the American government and the press—an assumption that largely remains intact to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In postcolonial multilingual societies, matters of education are deeply rooted in the discourse of ethnicity. In Malaysia, the interface between ethnicity and education is reflected in recent debates on the choice of medium of instruction (MOI). In 2002, the Malaysian government introduced English as MOI by replacing Malay, the national language, for teaching mathematics and science, at the school level. However, in 2009, the policy was reversed to Malay. This policy initiative has been actively contested in the Malaysian media. Through an analysis of news reports on the controversy published by the Malaysian Chinese newspaper,Nanyang Siang Pao, this paper aims to illustrate how a sizeable ethnic minority is able to position itself vis-à-vis a national policy. To explain the ethno-political construction of MOI debates in the newspaper, we use two concepts, namely, ‘plurality of struggles’ (Laclau, 2006a, 2006b; Laclau & Mouffe, 1985) and ‘transmission of the speech of others’ (Bakhtin, 1981). These notions are contextualized in the macro-context of a multi-ethnic polity in which Chinese society, Chinese press and Chinese education are seen to co-construct community interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspaper publishers are well into the process of bifurcating what once was a single mass-market product. Particularly for larger papers, website versions are taking over the mass-market role, while remaining print products are moving toward targeting a much smaller and more elite readership. This article explores theoretical and ethical issues raised by such a two-tiered newspaper structure and suggests directions for empirical study. Broadly, concerns center on the widening knowledge gap between print and online newspaper readers and its implications for civic discourse and democratic vitality. More narrowly, issues encompass a potential bifurcation of normative standards, including diverging markers of credibility, accuracy, and privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The curriculum for journalism is being forced to change because the traditional print-based and broadcast modes are being challenged by wide and easy access to online mass communication. Primarily, students need to develop proficiency in writing, editing and publishing. However, they are also expected to be skilled in the Web medium as they venture into their careers, and weblogs offer a dynamic platform to develop these skills. Based on a statistical summary of student comments on the performance criteria for a blog project, a focus group interview and survey results, this paper will discuss the findings from the introduction of a course-based blog to an undergraduate course in Hong Kong, including: (1) the technical challenge of making Web features; (2) the perception of proficiency in online publishing; (3) the evaluative skills developed through a peer-review process; and (4) the development of a learning community through writing in blogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journalists, disheartened in the decade after World War I by their role in spreading domestic wartime propaganda, attempted to restore press integrity through new, professional principles and practices. These efforts to reassert the press' standing included an active resistance to the contemporaneous rise of propaganda offered by the domestic public relations industry. In particular, newspaper publishers and editors, through the American Newspaper Publishers Association's anti-publicity bulletin, aggressively called on news workers to resist publicity seekers who undermined the advertising-based economic model of the paper. This movement against spaceseeking propagandists provided additional momentum for the advent of a modern professional journalism that ironically finds itself predisposed to use propaganda materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With their increasing global dissemination, visuals have assumed an important role in international political communication. The crisis sparked by Muhammad cartoons that swept the globe in early 2006, re-emerging two years later with the republication of the cartoons, testifies to the global conflict potential of visuals. Language barriers still set limits to global textual communication, yet visuals transgress those barriers and evoke different responses in different cultural contexts. In this paper we compare three connected cases of cartoon controversies in the year 2006: the cartoon conflict triggered by the publication of 12 cartoons in a Danish newspaper depicting Muslim prophet Muhammad; the follow-up event of a cartoon competition initiated by the Iranian government, ridiculing the Holocaust; and “free-riding” on the global impact of the Muhammad cartoons, and 12 cartoons published in Bulgaria, depicting Libyan leader Khadafi in the context of a trial of Bulgarian nurses, accused of deliberately infecting Libyan children with HIV1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circulation of the French daily newspapers has been decreasing for several decades, which has caused much debate about a “press crisis”, both in academic and professional circles. This paper examines the crisis of the French regional daily press. First, it introduces some general elements about the press crisis in France and then identifies some of the possible reasons for this crisis. While some factors are economic and common to the daily press as a whole, others are sociological and more specific to the regional press. In particular, the question of the changes in the relations between regional dailies and territorial identities is studied. During the “second modernity”, from the 1960s to the present, phenomena such as individualisation and urbanisation contributed to such changes. Finally, the newspapers' reactions to the crisis are addressed. Changes in the treatment of local news are especially crucial to the survival of the regional dailies, but present obstacles and difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the processes of, motivations for, and market consequences of bilingual journalism in Spain, and considers this phenomenon in the context of linguistics, identity, and theorizing about nationhood. Based on newsroom observation and interviews with journalists at newspapers in Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia, this article develops a framework of production, content, and tailored bilingualism for understanding the operations of this fledgling form of journalism. Moreover, against the backdrop of local nationalism, ethno-linguistic identity, and advocacy journalism, this study posits that a modulated approach to Anderson's (1983) concept of "imagined communities" might begin to explain the rise of bilingual journalism in certain regions of Spain. Newspaper editors there have imagined language communities - niche "nations" of readers with whom they feel a special kinship and for whom they feel a moral obligation to preserve the ethnic language. This "public service" comes at a heavy cost: An analysis of circulation data demonstrates that the most aggressive bilingual journalism has failed to attract wide readership, calling into question the very essence of the editors' imagined communities and their efforts to serve them. Finally, this paper considers the Spanish case in the wider context of global media trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, women are not only running for office; they are winning. This comparative study investigates how newspapers - decision makers' predominant information medium - frame new female government heads during their first-200-days-in-office in Germany, Liberia and Chile. International and national reports are systematically analyzed to understand how female leadership is transitioning within the public sphere. International frames and national frames show gender-mediated differences across boundaries and media. Conclusions drawn from two international sources and each country's national paper of record also suggest routinization and normalization of news presentation, regardless of cultural, social and political contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of researchers have studied the newspaper published in Japanese American internment camps in the United States in World War II. However, they have ignored their predecessors, the mimeographed newspapers published in English by the Japanese evacuees in the sixteen assembly camps in 1942. This article addresses that void by examining primarily two California camp papers, the Tanforan Totalizer and the Santa Anita Pacemaker, as well as diaries and notes of evacuees, their personal correspondence, memoirs, and internal government reports. The author concludes that the government's blatant censorship and control of the camp newspapers was one of the most severe abridgements of First Amendment press rights in U.S. history and is necessary in understanding the government's mass incarceration policy during the war and its impact on the civil liberties and rights of Japanese Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the reasons behind the decision of the 'The Salt Lake Tribune' newspaper of Salt lake City, Utah, not to publish the story about one of its reporters charged of soliciting sex and disorderly conduct. Initial alibi given by the reporter that he was on assignment working on a story on prostitution for his paper; Disciplinary action meted by the newspaper on the reporter; Policy followed by the newspaper in publishing news.

Details the economics of E.W. Scripps' working-class journalism. Background of Scripps; Newspaper competition between 1880 and World War I; Ways newspapers attempted to block rivals or bankrupt them; Discussion on product differentiation, a key component of Scripps' market conduct; Components of making a paper that was altogether different.

Presents the explanations given behind the decision of 'The Deseret News' newspaper to publish the story about a 'Salt Lake Tribune' reporter who was charged of soliciting sex and disorder conduct in Salt Lake City, Utah. Factors considered by 'The Deseret News' in deciding whether to publish the story or not; Question of professionalism against the accused who gave the alibi that he was on assignment for a story for his paper.