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Este trabajo persigue dos objetivos. En primer lugar, estudiar el efecto potencial de la percepción del clima escolar por parte de los profesores y de las variables motivacionales de estos relacionadas con los estudiantes en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela y el clima motivacional del aula (CMC). En segundo lugar, validar una batería de cuestionarios para evaluar las diferentes variables motivacionales de los docentes relacionadas con los estudiantes: conocimiento motivacional, enfoque de los docentes en las calificaciones y necesidades emocionales de los estudiantes y expectativas. En total, 441 profesores y 5,380 estudiantes de España y Costa Rica participaron en el estudio. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron la adecuación de la estructura de cada cuestionario. Además, los resultados de los análisis de correlación y regresión mostraron, en primer lugar, que la percepción del clima escolar, junto con las expectativas de los profesores, son los principales factores que pueden influir en la satisfacción de los profesores con la escuela. En segundo lugar, que el CMC no depende de la satisfacción de los profesores, sino solo de dos componentes del clima escolar, el apoyo mutuo de los profesores y las actitudes de los estudiantes, y de las expectativas de autoeficacia. En ambos análisis de regresión, satisfacción y CMC, se encontraron diferencias transculturales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the validity of the School Climate Battery of Questionnaires for Secondary and High School Teachers (SCBQ-SHST). The battery includes five questionnaires: Quality of Leadership, Quality of Teachers' Support, School Motivational Orientation, Quality of Students' Attitude, and Quality of Parental Support. A total of 178 teachers from Costa Rica were compared with 343 Spanish teachers. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the questionnaires allow assessing teachers' perceptions of the different dimensions of school climate in a valid and reliable way in both Spain and Costa Rica. Differences in the perception of Spanish and Costa Rican teachers about school climate shown by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses are discussed as well as theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the research findings documented in literature about factors associated with academic scores in college students and their relationship with the quality of higher education in general, using as a reference studies carried out in Spain, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, and Costa Rica. These factors are grouped in three categories: personal determinants, social determinants, and institutional determinants that, at the same time, hold their own indicators. Emphasis is given to the fact that the search for educational quality is a desired good for different sectors of society, and for which universities fight from different fields, with major concerns in the public sector due to the investment involved. The search for quality implies ah integral review of the university that includes studies about the academic results of students, because those results are an important input and allow the identification of limiting and enabling elements of academic performance and, consequently, facilitate the control of public resources and the social impact mediation. The analysis of the educational quality must include research results about the academic results of the students since it is of great use in the decision making process aiming for a more fair educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]