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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is seen in approximately one-third of diabetes patients worldwide, leads to irreversible vision loss and even blindness if not diagnosed and treated in time. It is vital to limit the progression of DR disease in order to prevent the loss of vision in diabetic patients. It is therefore essential that DR disease is diagnosed at an early phase. Thanks to retinal screening at least twice a year, DR disease can be diagnosed in its early phases. However, due to the variations and complexity of DR, it is really difficult to determine the phase of DR disease in current clinical diagnoses. This paper presents a robust artificial intelligence (AI)-based model that can overcome nonlinear dynamics with low computational complexity and high classification accuracy using fundus images to determine the phase of DR disease. The proposed model consists of four stages, excluding the preprocessing stage. In the preprocessing stage, fractal analysis is performed to reveal the presence of chaos in the dataset consisting of 12,500 color fundus images. In the first stage, two-dimensional stationary wavelet transform (2D-SWT) is applied to the dataset consisting of color fundus images in order to prevent information loss in the images and to reveal their characteristic features. In the second stage, 96 features are extracted by applying statistical- and entropy-based feature functions to approximate, horizontal, vertical, and diagonal matrices of 2D-SWT. In the third stage, the features that keep the classifier performance high are selected by a chaotic-based wrapper approach consisting of the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithms (CPSO) to cope with both chaoticity and computational complexity in the fundus images. At the last stage, an AI-based classification model is created with the recurrent neural network-long short-term memory (RNN-LSTM) architecture by selecting the lowest number of feature sets that can keep the classification performance high. The performance of the DR disease classification model was tested on 2500 color fundus image data, which included five classes: no DR, mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and proliferative DR (PDR). The robustness of the DR disease classification model was confirmed by the 10-fold cross-validation. In addition, the classification performance of the proposed model is compared with the support vector machine (SVM), which is one of the machine learning techniques. The results obtained show that the proposed model can overcome nonlinear dynamics in color fundus images with low computational complexity and is very effective and successful in precisely diagnosing all phases of DR disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the multi-objective variant of the recently-introduced fitness dependent optimizer (FDO). The algorithm is called a multi-objective fitness dependent optimizer (MOFDO) and is equipped with all five types of knowledge (situational, normative, topographical, domain, and historical knowledge) as in FDO. MOFDO is tested on two standard benchmarks for the performance-proof purpose: classical ZDT test functions, which is a widespread test suite that takes its name from its authors Zitzler, Deb, and Thiele, and on IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation benchmark (CEC-2019) multi-modal multi-objective functions. MOFDO results are compared to the latest variant of multi-objective particle swarm optimization, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm third improvement (NSGA-III), and multi-objective dragonfly algorithm. The comparative study shows the superiority of MOFDO in most cases and comparative results in other cases. Moreover, MOFDO is used for optimizing real-world engineering problems (e.g., welded beam design problems). It is observed that the proposed algorithm successfully provides a wide variety of well-distributed feasible solutions, which enable the decision-makers to have more applicable-comfort choices to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence in the field of education is becoming more and more extensive and in-depth. The intelligent education system can not only solve the limitations of location, time, and resources in the traditional learning field but it can also provide learners with a convenient, real-time, and interactive learning environment and has become one of the important applications in the Internet field. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence-enabled stochastic optimization scheme. It is derived from a model of bird population foraging behavior. Because of its benefits of ease of implementation, high accuracy, and quick convergence, this algorithm has gained the attention of academics, and it has demonstrated its supremacy in addressing real issues. This paper aims to study the optimization of PSO in the field of computational intelligence, improve the matching degree of learning resource recommendation and learning path optimization, and improve the learning efficiency of online learners. This paper suggests intelligent education as the center, takes the PSO algorithm as the main research object, and expounds the related concepts of intelligent education and PSO algorithm. It uses swarm intelligence algorithms for intelligent education personalized services. He focuses on PSO algorithm and its work in intelligent education recommendation and learning path planning. Experiments show that the average value of the difference between the two obtained by the NBPSO algorithm is 1.13E + 02 and the variance 1.88E + 02 is the smallest. Therefore, PSO aids in improving the quality and consistency of online course resource development. In conclusion, the research results of this paper further demonstrate the advantages of PSO algorithm in solving the problem of personalized service in intelligent education. It can promote the in-depth application of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms in intelligent online learning systems. This effectively enhances the intelligent service level of the online learning system and increases the efficiency of online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel fault diagnosis procedure is proposed in this paper to estimate faults using a linear parameter varying (LPV) model whose scheduling parameters depend on the fault. A wrong determination of the operating conditions could lead the system to an undesired performance or even to an unstable situation, when classical fault diagnosis approaches are applied. This paper addresses this issue by formulating fault diagnosis as a dynamic optimization problem, solved by using a novel hybrid technique that combines a Luenberger-based observer with artificial intelligent (AI) optimization-based algorithms. The observer supervises the health of the system, while AI-based algorithms are able to reconstruct the faulty signal in real-time when the observer determines that the system is under a fault. The efficiency of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme, the three AI-based algorithms based on artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimization, and the gradient-based algorithm developed in this paper, are assessed using a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remote sensed satellite images are big repository of information and provide the coverage of large areas. However, these images may not be able to describe the finer details of area being covered. Satellite Image optimization is the process of augmenting the components of an image for better and effective interpretations from satellite images. In order to obtain better visibility properties to fetch more information, various artificial intelligence techniques can be considered for the optimization process. Finding out the best technique for optimization is a challenging and time-consuming task [U1]. In this paper, applications of swarm-based artificial intelligence techniques such as ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, bat algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm etc. are being analysed to process the remote sensed data. The detailed comparison with respect to classifier, utility, images considered, and observation are discussed. The comprehensive analysis revealed that particle swarm optimization is the most widely used technique. Further, various application areas such as land-use land-cover are discussed with possibilities of future research [U2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, research intergrading medicine and Artificial Intelligence has attracted extensive attention. Mobile health has emerged as a promising paradigm for improving people's work and life in the future. However, high mobility of mobile devices and limited resources pose challenges for users to deal with the applications in mobile health that require large amount of computational resources. In this paper, a novel computation offloading mechanism is proposed in the environments combining of the Internet of Vehicles and Multi-Access Edge Computing. Through the proposed mechanism, mobile health applications are divided into several parts and can be offloaded to appropriate nearby vehicles while meeting the requirements of application completion time, energy consumption, and resource utilization. A particle swarm optimization based approach is proposed to optimize the the aforementioned computation offloading problem in a specific medical application. Evaluations of the proposed algorithms against local computing method serves as baseline method are conducted via extensive simulations. The average task completion time saved by our proposed task allocation scheme increases continually compared with the local solution. Specially, the global resource utilization rate increased from 71.8% to 94.5% compared with the local execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an advanced function of the cognitive neural mechanism of human brain, inductive reasoning is an important skill in language communication. Under the background of the development of information intelligence, it is a new research field to effectively display the cognitive neural function of inductive reasoning with the advantage of the logic operation of artificial intelligence algorithm. Therefore, in this paper, based on the neurolinguistics, the translation and introduction of Mo Yan's works were studied. And on the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the cognitive neural mechanism of sentence inductive reasoning, by using fMR and ERP techniques, the narrowing characteristics of the semantic integrated components in the induction were investigated, and the dual processing model of inductive reasoning was discussed. After that, artificial intelligence particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was introduced, and the problem of alignment in the translation of English and Chinese sentences in Mo Yan's works was transformed into the problem of finding the optimal solution for the corresponding fitness function in Chinese and English sentences in bilingual space. Thus, a scientific mathematical model was used to improve the accuracy of translation. The simulation experiments show that this study can effectively improve the accuracy of the translation and introduction of Mo Yan's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of manufacturing cells forms the backbone of designing a cellular manufacturing system. In this paper, we present a novel intelligent particle swarm optimization algorithm for the cell formation problem. The proposed solution method benefits from the advantages of particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and self-organization map neural networks by combining artificial individual intelligence and swarm intelligence. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed intelligent particle swarm optimization algorithm significantly outperforms PSO and yields better solutions than the best solutions existed in the literature of cell formation. The application of the proposed approach is examined in a case problem where real data is utilized for cell reconfiguration of an actual company involved in agricultural manufacturing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new variant of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), dubbed CentroidPSO, to tackle data classification problem in high dimensional domains. It is inspired by the center-based sampling theory, which states that the center region of a search space contains points with higher probability to be closer to the optimal solution. The experimental results show striking performance of the CentroidPSO as compared to the standard PSO, four closely related PSO variants, and three recent evolutionary computation approaches. Moreover, a comparison with three machine learning approaches indicate that the CentroidPSO is a very competitive and promising classifier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modelling the behaviour of nature is the most inspiring field among researchers. Many algorithms are developed based on the behaviour of nature to solve problems including solution to very complex problems. Ant Colony Optimization - ACO is a best optimization algorithm used almost in all the fields to find solution to the difficult combinatorial problems. In our paper we are using ACO to find out the shortest path between the locations within the campus. This is used to give path direction to the visually challenged students within our campus to reach out the various places. The shortest path information will be used as a basis for the design of a voice monitoring system. This voice monitoring system guides the visually challenged students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bayesian networks (BNs) are widely used as one of the most effective models in bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, text analysis, medical diagnosis, etc. Learning the structure of BNs from data can be viewed as an optimization problem and is proved that this problem is NP-hard. Therefore, heuristic methods can be used as powerful tools to find high-quality networks. In this paper, an interesting approach which is based on Breeding Swarm has been used to learn BNs. Breeding Swarm is a hybrid GA/PSO which enable us to benefits the strengths of particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithms. In order to assess the proposed method, several real-world and benchmark applications are used. Results show that our method is a clear improvement on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we show that a contextual neural network with artificial neurons performing a conditional aggregation of signals can be trained by the generalized backpropagation algorithm. To allow this algorithm to be used for training contextual neural networks, we derive appropriate generalized delta rules. Our approach is constructed on the basis of introduced generalized representation of the aggregation function in an ordered groups space and division of its attention function into binary scan-path and contribution functions. The advantage of the proposed representation is that it clarifies the description of the aggregation process by using Stark's scan-path theory and allows us to achieve results independent from the actual form of the attention functions used during aggregation. As such, the proposed solution is valid for the whole presented family of conditional aggregation functions and is a considerable extension of the previously reported results. In particular, the obtained results are valid for the introduced exemplary attention functions which illustrate performed calculations. Moreover, the presented solution can be further extended by considering real valued, non-binary contribution functions inside ordered aggregation functions. Especially promising are its possible applications in large deep neural networks and energy-limited systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new high-level domain-specific modelling language, LAnt, for the design of ant colony optimization algorithms. This language is used to represent the main elements required to define the structure of the algorithms and to capture the specific constraints associated to the problem to solve. It aims to support users with low experience in the development of solutions based on this paradigm. The proposal has been implemented as an Eclipse plug-in, including an editor and an integrated code generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a photovoltaic (PV) system, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under partial shading (PS) conditions is a challenging task due to the presence of multiple peaks in the power voltage characteristics. This paper puts forward a novel artificial fish-swarm algorithm (FSA), which is optimized by particle swarm optimization with extended memory (PSOEM-FSA). In this algorithm, both the velocity inertia factor and the memory and learning capacity of PSOEM are introduced into the FSA. To validate the effectiveness of the novel algorithm, the PV system along with the proposed MPPT algorithm was simulated using Matlab/Simulink Simscape tool box. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is effective in MPPT under PS conditions and has a more stable performance when compared with the traditional methods in convergence speed and searching precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper proposes a self-generating fuzzy system with a learning ability from a combination of the on-line self-aligning clustering (OSAC) algorithm and ant and particle swarm cooperative optimization (APSCO). The proposed OSAC algorithm not only helps generate rules from on-line training data, but also helps avoid generating highly overlapping fuzzy sets. Once a new rule is generated, APSCO optimizes the corresponding antecedent and consequent parameters. In APSCO, ant colony and particle swarm coexist in a population, and both search for an optimal parameter solution simultaneously in each iteration. Ant paths not only help determine the consequent parameters of generated rules, they also help generate auxiliary particles. Well-performing particles are selected from the auxiliary particles and original particles. And these selected particles cooperate to find a better solution through particle swarm optimization. This paper applies the proposed self-generating fuzzy system to different fuzzy controller design problems, and compares it with other genetic and swarm intelligence algorithms and their hybrids to verify system performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The basic Artificial Fish Swarm (AFS) Algorithm is a new type of an heuristic swarm intelligence algorithm, but it is difficult to optimize to get high precision due to the randomness of the artificial fish behavior, which belongs to the intelligence algorithm. This paper presents an extended AFS algorithm, namely the Cooperative Artificial Fish Swarm (CAFS), which significantly improves the original AFS in solving complex optimization problems. K-medoids clustering algorithm is being used to classify data, but the approach is sensitive to the initial selection of the centers with low quality of the divided cluster. A novel hybrid clustering method based on the CAFS and K-medoids could be used for solving clustering problems. In this work, first, CAFS algorithm is used for optimizing six widely-used benchmark functions, coming up with comparative results produced by AFS and CAFS, then Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is studied. Second, the hybrid algorithm with K-medoids and CAFS algorithms is used for data clustering on several benchmark data sets. The performance of the hybrid algorithm based on K-medoids and CAFS is compared with AFS and CAFS algorithms on a clustering problem. The simulation results show that the proposed CAFS outperforms the other two algorithms in terms of accuracy and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the most recently introduced swarm-based algorithms used in optimization problems. ABC simulates the intelligent foraging behavior of a honeybee swarm. In this paper, two aspects of ABC algorithm are modified and new configurations are used. The modified versions are tested on some well-known benchmark functions. Results show that the new changes have positive effects on the performance of ABC algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a new mathematical model for a bi-objective job shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times and ready times that minimizes the weighted mean flow time and total penalties of tardiness and earliness (E/T). Obtaining an optimal solution for this complex problem especially in large-sized problem instances within reasonable computational time is cumbersome. Thus, we propose a new multi-objective Pareto archive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combined with genetic operators as variable neighborhood search (VNS). Furthermore, we use a character of scatter search (SS) to select new swarm in each iteration in order to find Pareto optimal solutions for the given problem. Some test problems are examined to validate the performance of the proposed Pareto archive PSO in terms of the solution quality and diversity level. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed Pareto archive PSO, based on various metrics, is compared with two prominent multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, namely NSGA-II and SPEA-II. Our computational results show the superiority of our proposed algorithm to the foregoing algorithms, especially for the large-sized problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The increased integration of wind power into the electric grid, as nowadays occurs in Portugal, poses new challenges due to its intermittency and volatility. Wind power prediction plays a key role in tackling these challenges. The contribution of this paper is to propose a new hybrid approach, combining particle swarm optimization and adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system, for short-term wind power prediction in Portugal. Significant improvements regarding forecasting accuracy are attainable using the proposed approach, in comparison with the results obtained with five other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an automatic learning framework for the dynamic security control of a power system. The proposed method employs a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), which serves to assess the dynamic security status of the power system and to estimate the effect of a corrective control action applied in the event of a disturbance. Particle swarm optimization is applied to find the optimal control action, where the objective function to be optimized is provided by the RBFNN. The method is applied on a realistic model of the Hellenic Power System and on the IEEE 50-generator test system, and its added value is shown by comparing results with the ones obtained from the application of other machine learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a technique to improve Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prediction accuracy using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) combiner. A hybrid system consists of two stages with the first stage containing two ANNs. The first ANN predictor is a multi-layer feed-forward network trained with error back-propagation and the second predictor is a functional link network. These two predictors are combined in the second stage using PSO combiner in a linear and non-linear fashion. The proposed method is applied to problem of predicting daily natural gas consumption. The performance of ANN predictors and combination methods are tested on real data from four different gas utilities. The experimental results show that the proposed particle swarm optimization combiners results in more accurate prediction compared to using single ANN predictor. Prediction accuracy improvement of the proposed PSO combiners have been shown using hypothesis testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, there has been a massive growth in the field of biologically inspired global search heuristics. Computational cost having been reduced almost dramatically, researchers from all corners are taking more interset in following the underlying principles of nature to solve nearly intractable search problems. In this paper, we attempt to solve one very important optimization problem arising in the field of two-dimensional IIR (infinite impulse response) filter design, with three naturally inspired global search algorithms. We have used a state-of-the-art real coded genetic algorithm (GA), one very recent and modified version of the particle swarm opimization (PSO) and finally an improved version of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The DE algorithm has been modified by us to prevent its premature convergence to some suboptimal region of the search space. The design task is formulated as a constrained minimization problem and solved by the three metaheuristics. Numerical results are presented over three difficult instances of the design problem. The study also compares the results with two recently published filter design methods. Our experiments reveal that the DE family of algorithms should receive primary attention in solving the constrained multidimensional filter design tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bio-inspired computing is an engaging area of artificial intelligence which studies how natural phenomena provide a rich source of inspiration in the design of smart procedures able to become powerful algorithms. Many of these procedures have been successfully used in classification, prediction, and optimization problems. Swarm intelligence methods are a kind of bio-inspired algorithm that have been shown to be impressive optimization solvers for a long time. However, for these algorithms to reach their maximum performance, the proper setting of the initial parameters by an expert user is required. This task is extremely comprehensive and it must be done in a previous phase of the search process. Different online methods have been developed to support swarm intelligence techniques, however, this issue remains an open challenge. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach that allows adjusting the parameters based on a state deducted by the swarm intelligence algorithm. The state deduction is determined by the classification of a chain of observations using the hidden Markov model. The results show that our proposal exhibits good performance compared to the original version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, a novel category of bionic intelligent optimization algorithm, was achieved for solving complex nonlinear optimization problems. Previous studies have shown that ABC algorithm is competitive to other biological-inspired optimization algorithms, but there still exist several insufficiencies due to the inefficient solution search equation (SSE), which does well in exploration but poorly in exploitation. To improve accuracy of the solutions, this paper proposes a modified ABC algorithm based on the self-learning mechanism (SLABC) with five SSEs as the candidate operator pool; among them, one is good at exploration and two of them are good at exploitation; another SSE intends to balance exploration and exploitation; moreover, the last SSE with Lévy flight step-size which can generate smaller step-size with high frequency and bigger step-size occasionally not only can balance exploration and exploitation but also possesses the ability to escape from the local optimum. This paper proposes a simple self-learning mechanism, wherein the SSE is selected according to the previous success ratio in generating promising solutions at each iteration. Experiments on a set of 9 benchmark functions are carried out with the purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results illustrated that the SLABC algorithm achieves significant improvement compared with other competitive algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuing advancements in technologies (such as machine to machine, wireless telecommunications, artificial intelligence, and big data analysis), the Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect everything for information sharing and intelligent decision-making. Swarm intelligence (SI) provides the possibility of SI behavior through collaboration in individuals that have limited or no intelligence. Its potential parallelism and distribution characteristics can be used to realize global optimization and solve nonlinear complex problems. This paper reviews representative SI algorithms and summarizes their applications in the IoT. The main focus consists in the analysis of SI-enabled applications to wireless sensor network (WSN) and discussion of related research problems in the WSN. Also, we concluded SI-based applications in other IoT fields, such as SI in UAV-aided wireless network. Finally, possible research prospects and future trends are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]