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Inspired by international experiences of the Sleeping Giants movement, since May 2020, Brazilian users of social networks such as Twitter have been denouncing advertisers and website funding platforms accused of disseminating disinformation and hate speech. This paper evaluates what criteria are presented to justify these demonetization campaigns, considering how those responsible for the Sleeping Giants Brazil accounts explain their choices of targets and what they consider to be fake news and offensive speech. The paper evaluates how the movement responds to criticism and questioning from social network users, clarifying their choices, publishing content that works as explanations of their methods. These justifications are presented as educational materials to expose to the public the difficulties in defining limits to free speech on digital networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the hate speech in messages published on Twitter from May 17 to 25, 2021 during the crisis caused by the entry of thousands of immigrants at the Tarajal border in Ceuta. The aim of the research is to perform a thematic classification of messages with hate speech. For this, a mixed methodology has been used and six subjets related to hate speech on Twitter have been identified, of which four are focused on political issues, accounting for 80% of the messages, and only 20% of them refer to racism and immigration. In addition, up to five campaigns of unknown origin have been detected. This work concludes that hate speeches focus more on political issues than on the problem of immigration itself, its causes, consequences and possible solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to systematize the arguments used by the Spanish courts to support the convictions for the crime of libel and defamation against the Crown regulated in article 490.3 and 491 of the Criminal Code. Traditionally, the jurisprudence considered offenses against the honor of the Crown those expressions that were insulting and unnecessary to convey ideas or opinions contrary to the institution. However, following STC 177/2015, the courts have interpreted some messages directed against kings as incitement to hatred and violence. This construction contradicts the European Court of Human Rights doctrine on the limits to freedom of expression. In addition, it deforms the concept of «hate speech» and makes us wonder what legal interest is being protected by these legal provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, the Internet, and the social networks in particular, have gained relevance as spaces for interaction and socialization. The multiplication and penetration of social media, as well as the volume and intensity of interactions, have led to a migration of the public sphere towards these platforms. In this (apparently neutral) virtual context, where social networks contribute to the construction or amplification of social relations, the Internet is configured as a space of inequality where power relations and patriarchal practices are reproduced, amplified by the sensation of anonymity and its disinhibiting effect. This paper analyzes the presence of hate speech and misogyny in the Twitter conversation around 50 Spanish women with public visibility online and in the real world, belonging to diverse professional fields: science, communication, culture, sports, business, and politics. Based on an automated search for insults and other hate terms, a content analysis of the direct interactions and indirect mentions received by these women on this social platform over a period of 1 year was carried out. The results of this study highlight the toxicity of the Twittersphere for female users. Thus, 15% of direct interactions and 10% of indirect interactions directed at these women included some kind of insult or disqualification, although not necessarily of a sexist or misogynist nature. This violence is especially evident against women representatives of those areas with greater visibility and social influence such as communication and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this theoretical articulation based on bibliographic research, the culture of intolerance, driven by the political context of hyperneoliberalism, is linked to the imaginary present on algorithmic platforms, where a fundamental mode of governance is practiced today. While not ignoring past manifestations of intolerance on the Internet, this paper intends to demonstrate how these platforms are environments even more favorable for such manifestations, given the peculiarities of their technology and their business model. To this end, certain aspects of their operation, classified as arena of attention, uneven omnimediation, calibrated exposure and flexible veridiction, are related to dispositions that Lacan associates with the imaginary and aggressiveness - respectively, narcissism, narcissistic identification with leaders, segregation and paranoia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lying may be a human privilege but it has limits; so do freedom of expression and information. What those limits are, how they are defined, their purposes and the extent to which it is legitimate to restrict these freedoms are questions that democracies must answer. Truth's fragility is the product not only of lies, but of the impossibility of its knowledge. The progressive democratisation of knowledge, not only of information, is therefore one of the ways to detect lies. From the perspective of the Spanish constitution (SC) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), this paper analyses whether lying, as the exercise of freedom of expression and information, has a legitimate place in public debate in a democratic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes if setting fire to a photo of the Spanish's royal couple is protected by the right of freedom of expression according to the European Court of Human Rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]