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Dreams and temptations: Unveiling the journey to self-discovery This thesis documents the long-term psychoanalytic therapy of an adolescent patient who developed a severe depressive episode and post-traumatic stress disorder following a serious traumatic event - an abduction and experience of sexual violence. Over a period of several years, the therapeutic work is described, which not only addresses the patient's individual symptoms, but also sheds light on profound family dynamics and the development of the therapist's psychoanalytical identity. The therapy focused on processing the traumatic experience and aimed to create corrective relational experiences, strengthen self-representation and promote the ability to self-care and build supportive social relationships. The case study illustrates the complexity and challenges of psychoanalytic work with traumatized adolescents and emphasizes the need for an individually tailored approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses Freud's presentation on telepathy to his close colleagues at the meeting in the Harz mountains in 1921. It considers the fate of his paper and the reasons why he never published it as a single piece. The development of Freud's ideas about telepathy during the succeeding years and the reasons that prompted him finally to publish his views on thought-transference in 1925 are also considered. The article also discusses the place of the four cases presented in his writings on telepathy over this period, culminating in his new 'lecture' on Dreams and Occultism in 1933. It is suggested that Freud's persuasion that psychoanalysis could credibly account for thought-transference was in part affected by the degree of trust he held in those presenting him with material, but most of all by his own personal experience. Freud held out against opposition from people like Jones on the matter of the worthiness of the subject for investigation, but never succeeded in integrating it more fully into psychoanalysis, and this position is largely unchanged today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Gohar Homayounpour responds in the format of a letter to Eyal Rozmarin's paper: Belonging and its Discontents, in which he lyrically and psychoanalytically addresses the current war in Gaza, in a deeply personal spirit as an Israeli-American psychoanalyst living under its tragic and disturbing shadow. Homayounpour attempts to question our need for belonging, towards an ethics of un-belonging. The various problematics/seductions of belonging are confronted metapsychologically, but she moves beyond that into a personal/political narrative on the horrific and ongoing tragedy in Israel and Palestine. Where dreams have failed into nightmares, where Radical hope or the ethics of the social as she puts it, becomes more radically indispensable than ever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This discussion compares interventions that are derived from reverie, bodily sensations, and dreams, with traditional transference interpretations. Using Seward's clinical vignettes, the author delineates subtle differences between projective identification, enactments, and the selfobject function. She suggests that body-mind-self experiences of the analyst bring the selfobject function to its most precise position. Furthermore, she argues that evocation of images, body sensations, and disclosed dreams are, in fact, interpretations and that such interventions do not strive to generate repetitions but to promote potential space and openness to disavowed areas of the mind. These interventions, says the author, are not better than traditional verbal interpretations or more correct but sometimes simply more useful to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I present the idea that the documentary film My Octopus Teacher (Ehrlich & Reed) is an evocative allegory for some key threads in the ongoing learning at the heart of psychotherapy. On the one hand, the film is a narrative about a relationship formed between the narrator and documentary‐maker Craig and an octopus that he encounters in daily dives in an underwater kelp forest. On the other hand, it is a story–dream of a man and an octopus who swim together in the proto‐mental seas of the unconscious, a space where fluidity and symmetry rule, and where the boundaries between I and thou dissolve. Alongside the theme of mutual dream work, the documentary presents an evocative allegory of what it takes to practice as a therapist: the maps of our own disintegration that inform our work, and the key dispositions of learning to watch and observe and to fine tune our faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author’s response to Orna Guralnik’s paper focuses on the patient’s dreams as potent carriers of disavowed histories, carrying within themselves the potential of symbolizing for the first time the unspeakable truths that are repressed and see their first shimmer of light in nocturnal dreams. In her discussion, the author links Freud’s concept of hypermnesic dreams to Lacan’s concept of the Real as an initial attempt to give words to the traumatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is a universal, essential biological process. It is also an invaluable window on consciousness. It tells us that consciousness can be lost but also that it can be regained, in all its richness, when we are disconnected from the environment and unable to reflect. By considering the neurophysiological differences between dreaming and dreamless sleep, we can learn about the substrate of consciousness and understand why it vanishes. We also learn that the ongoing state of the substrate of consciousness determines the way each experience feels regardless of how it is triggered—endogenously or exogenously. Dreaming consciousness is also a window on sleep and its functions. Dreams tell us that the sleeping brain is remarkably lively, recombining intrinsic activation patterns from a vast repertoire, freed from the requirements of ongoing behavior and cognitive control. The paper by Tononi et al. discusses what sleep reveals about the substrate of consciousness, how experience can vanish during sleep, and how dreams can be supported by a brain largely disconnected from the environment, unreflective, and forgetful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA), the person's level of intoxication may result in incomplete memory. This paper describes eye movement and desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) with client-centered adaptations to address an incomplete trauma memory in a 26-year-old woman. The client was experiencing PTSD, characterized by nightmares and derealization. Therapy followed standard EMDR procedures with three minor modifications to help the client maintain current awareness. Although the memory remained incomplete, the client-centered adaptations promoted working through of the clients' trauma responses (e.g. disorientation, physical sensations) and a sense of competence and self-confidence were restored. At the end of reprocessing, and at follow-up, the client was no longer experiencing nightmares or derealization and her wellbeing had improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sometimes real-life events seem unreal, due to their highly symbolic nature and relevance to the person's inner life. In this paper, I propose that although these events are actual, lived occurrences, they can be treated like dreams, with significant clinical effect. These "dream-like" events (DLEs) – distinguished from Jung's synchronicity events – seem to be universal, even though some people are more perceptive of them than others. DLEs are usually reported in therapy in a casual way, as something that happened recently, or as a recollection or association. The resemblance or connection to the patient's inner life is hidden from the patient, because of the unconscious element involved. Clinical examples of DLEs are presented, as well as ways of interpreting them. An attempt is made to put these unique, sometimes uncanny occurrences into the context of Bion's psychoanalytic ontology and into relation to his central concept, "O." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmful sexual behaviour that occurs between siblings (HSB-S) is thought to be one of the most common forms of intrafamilial abuse. Despite an increase in academic papers, and acknowledgement of the prevalence of the problem, there is still a lack of specific assessment and intervention models. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the Assessment, Intervention and Moving On (AIM) HSB-S Practice Guidance. The framework draws on the literature and evidence-based models, as well as clinical practice illustrated by the four-case series summarised. Of the four-case series illustrated in the paper positive outcomes were observed. In addition, the intervention includes the practitioner guiding the family to write a structured narrative which supports them to restore family relationships and find a way of moving forward. This guidance will strengthen practitioner's skills and confidence in working with families impacted by HSB-S and provide hope for them that they can heal from this crisis. This paper provides a preview for the AIM HSB-S Practice Guidance illustrated by a case series. The framework will provide practitioners with a clear approach to assessment and intervention when working with families impacted by HSB-S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has seen growing interest across human geography in the concept of the unconscious as a key terrain for thinking social life. At the same time, an increasing number of geographers are exploring theorisations of the unconscious that push beyond the subject-predicate tendencies of much psychoanalytic thinking, addressing material and non-representational forces that exceed the confines of a human-centred understanding. This paper extends this work through an engagement with the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, highlighting three key implications for geographical understandings of the unconscious. First, how it inverts the traditional emphasis on already-constituted psychic individuals to processes of psychic individuation that modulate the emergence and becoming of subjects. Second, how it shifts beyond the psychoanalytical fixation on negativity and repression through an understanding of the transductive potential of unconscious forces to create new forms of life. And third, how it opens a new way of articulating the relation of the psychic and collective as a relation of individuations that he terms the transindividual. Empirically, the paper turns to the subterranean landscape of dreams and desires in the novels of Haruki Murakami, exploring how literary encounters might open a space for thinking the transductive forces of the transindividual unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this case, presentation of a patient who experienced severe sexual abuse in childhood and attempted to manage his traumatic dreams and flashbacks with autoerotic asphyxiation, the author describes how she tolerated the anxiety of a life-threatening symptom while engaging in a deep and transformative treatment. She writes about her understanding of the symptoms, how she bore the accompanying anxiety, and what the mutative forces were that led to the patient relinquishing the symptom and progressing forward. Mutative factors included the creation of a relational home, ongoing awareness of forward edge meanings of the patient's behaviors (including the potentially lethal symptom) and the establishment of deep mutual trust, both generally and specifically in the patient's capacity to know what he needed in order to grow. These factors helped the patient integrate his sense of shame and self-loathing. The therapist's deep trust in the patient's sense of what he needed as she guided the treatment deepened the bond between them and created the paradoxical sense of both intensity and calm that the patient longed for. This paper details dreams that illustrate the nature of the therapeutic relationship and the patient's internal experience. The therapist details her own experience in the co-transference in this highly charged case. Overall, this paper will help therapists to recognize, connect with, and protect traumatized patients, while not being distracted by the frightening symptoms themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "The Canary in the Mind," by Paul Lippmann. It reflects that the paper encouraged the reader to contemplate on the tensions between memory and desires, the theories and conceptual construction. The paper showed on the relationship of dreams with culture and explained on how virtual dreams could obscure the more personal meaning of individual dreams.

Dr. Rachael Peltz stresses the aesthetic dimension of analysis. In fact the aesthetic experience can serve as a model for all that is deepest and truest in our lives and in the analytic encounter. We all have an “inner painter” which transforms primitive sensoriality into images or pictograms and then tie them up into oneiric thoughts, dreaming and thinking in order to give a personal meaning to experience. This model gives us the possibility in the clinical work to be more attentive to the musical, rhythmic, or semiotic aspects of the interaction between patient and analyst. Dr. Peltz shows in a beautiful vignette how, equating analysis to the aesthetic experience, it is possible to help the patient to reach a fuller sense of consonance and contact between mind and body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hobson and colleagues' study is based on the assumption that in the waking we constantly think in a logical, purposeful and empirically relevant way, which is not the case. There are various degrees of thought control in the waking and consequently different degrees of rationality in the mind's productions. The conclusions of the Hobson and colleagues' study might have been very different if the authors had compared dream reports with similar products of the waking mind. For instance, spontaneous remembrances and anticipations share several features with dream reports and informal oral descriptions of an autobiographical episode have a similar sequential organization. Daydreaming includes bizarre elements, abrupt changes of topic, and sometimes a loss of reality testing. Dreaming is producing world simulations, in other words imagining. Like the products of waking imagination it is not devoid of unrealistic aspects and discontinuities. In order to understand why a dreamer imagined a certain event, we must take into account that the human mind is prone to use metaphors. Dreaming has to use metaphors because it cannot literally represent abstract ideas and long and intricate plots. It has to replace them by concrete and rather simple, short, and homogeneous events. Although I disagree with Hobson and colleagues' method, I am happy to see that the gap between their conception of dreaming and the views of cognitive psychologists is narrowing, now that they admit dreaming is not totally or essentially irrational [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social nature of dreaming is discussed. Those few remembered and shared dreams (out of the totality of experienced and soon-forgotten dreams) are eventually shaped by the particular culture that reads into dreams its own way of viewing private psychological experience. Psychoanalysis is one such culture. It is recommended that the dream, on its own terms and in its own images and stories, be allowed to lead the way in psychotherapy. The significance of the creations of the mind asleep is discussed in relation to Freud's and Jung's mission to create a depth therapy for the psychological maladies attendant to life in modern Western culture. Dr. Hoge's contribution is significant in its subtle and intelligent evocation of the rich complexities of the world of dreams. Her use of the dream within the dream opens into a consideration of the sleeping mind's capacity for play and for stretching the boundaries of psychotherapy. Her discussion of the intermixing of subjectivities in therapeutic dream discussion (“Was it her dream or mine?”) leads to a consideration of the relationship between psychoanalytic work with dreams and ancient healing methods that often include an interest in the healer's own dreams as locus of treatment. Finally, there is a discussion of the relation of dreams to the emerging electronic virtual world which replaces the real and natural world with its own designs. In such a world, the dream within a dream may serve as a metaphor for modern life itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dreams have the potential provide intimate access to psychotherapy clients' inner lives. When therapists are able to help clients experience their dreams in a curious, open, focusing-oriented way, the client gains direct access the dream's tendency to carry their life situation forward. This paper offers evidence of a paradigm shift away from analytic to experiential, client-centered approaches to dreams. It then describes three experiential dreamwork practices: finding the help in a dream (from focusing), re-entering a dream element (from Gestalt) and dreaming the dream onward (from Jung). Included are several clinical and personal examples which show how entering a dream experientially allows the dreamer to discover something new and how this often leads to a change-moment or, in focusing terms, a felt shift. Several clinical and personal examples illustrate that while dreams may be helpful in their own right, engaging deeply with them in an experiential way allows their fuller potential for personal growth and forward movement to be realized. Over time, this way of engaging with dreams can become a natural ongoing undercurrent, both in dreaming and waking, that is always available and evolving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features the contribution of psychoanalyst Erik Erikson to psychoanalysis through his `Dream Specimen' paper. Contrasts between Erikson's humanistic perspective of psychoanalysis and psychoanalyst Heinz Hartmann's biological perspective; Analysis of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud's Irma dream; Linkages between trauma and the origins of the dream; Focus on ego psychology.

In this paper, I reflect on human imagination, the intention of technology, and the future of humanity in the era of the Anthropocene. I begin by presenting the environmental crisis and declare a need to protect and safeguard nature. In the first part, I offer an explanation of a dream of an airliner and link it to the Bachelardian theory of aerial imagination and oneiric flight. I show how, today, technology has entered our lives profoundly and how it has become closely intertwined with us human beings. Based on this, the second part is dedicated to Martin Heidegger and his question concerning technology. By analyzing Heidegger's seminal essay on technology, I argue for an alternative possibility of thinking about human artefacts (such as various tools or even an airliner) beyond them being merely a standing-reserve and thus rather as a mode of unconcealement. The third and last part of this essay is dedicated to Ilia Delio's Teilhardian cosmic vision of the future of technological progress. Technology, for Delio, is a part of this cosmic narrative and human beings represent the thinking portion of the universe. I conclude with a thought on a new elemental consciousness and imagination, in which nature, its life force, and the most advanced technology, including AI, would become a part of a new panentheistic whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A familiar anti-sceptical response (à la Sosa) to radical sceptical scenarios employs the safety of knowledge. Radical sceptical scenarios are purported to be too modally remote to really threaten knowledge of ordinary propositions. Why? Because knowledge requires safety, and safety requires the target belief to be true in all nearby possible worlds, but radical sceptical scenarios purportedly take place at distant possible worlds. Hence, the safety theorist claims that radical sceptical scenarios don't challenge our knowledge of ordinary propositions. But it's alleged by Sosa and others that there's one radical sceptical scenario that can't be dismissed so easily: the dream scenario. After all, unlike evil demons and brains in vats, 'dreaming is a daily part of our lives...it is too close for comfort'. In this paper, I sketch an argument to the effect that there's good reason to think that the dream of dream scepticism describes a modally remote possibility, in which case I argue that if the safety-based anti-sceptical response is successful against the evil demon sceptical scenario, the brain in a vat sceptical scenario, and other Cartesian sceptical scenarios in this mould, then it's successful against the dream sceptical scenario as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite being some of the harshest environments to design for and inhabit, deserts are considered some of the most malleable in our imagination. Countless military bases, proving grounds, gunneries, and practice fields that simulate other locales prove that in military imagination, deserts are nondescript proxy spaces waiting to be filled with the character of whatever location they are to imitate. The developers' imagination is not far behind. Through a historical case study of California City, an ambitiously planned but only partially built desert development project, and unpacking of the terms "desert" and "wasteland," this essay examines the colonial gaze towards the desert that often shapes our perceptions of this unique environment and exposes the fallacies in our thinking that lead us to imagine deserts as a blank slate waiting to be transformed. The paper also highlights the dangers of overconfidence in technology to create techno-utopias and the need to acknowledge the reality of the desert's harsh environment in any planning or development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel "Guest" is important because of the signs of magical realism, as the boundary between real and fictitious, existing and nonexisting world does not exist. The flow of the protagonist's thoughts is like the characters of Marquez travels in the labyrinth from one decade to another, the thoughts in his consciousness come as a flow, and the histories are replaced by one another, which are ignored by the reader. A strange feeling fell into him, as if, Tarkhuji is an unbalanced individual in time and space. In the paragraph findings of Martin Dujardin and William James are used as a theoretical base to analyse the originality of the "flow of consciousness". In the paper two kinds of associative natures of consciousness flow are separated: Random and ficional analysis dependant. An internal form of monologue existing in the story is assigned to the last one, which created the works. In the mentioned novel in order to analyse the function of dreams the works of psychologist Sigmund Freud and fundamentalists of psychology Carl Gustav Jung are used in the paper. Also, the dissertation of specialist of Literature Ana Dolidze Psychosemiotic of Dream in Georgian fiction discourse. Herewith, the textbook of Nana Gafrindashvili and Mariam Miresashvili is used as a theoretical base: "Fundamentals of Literature". Considering the above-mentioned textbook dream is illustrated as a nonthematic element in the paper that is used as an ideological content of the work and psychological description of a character. Based on the dissertation of Ana Dolidze in which a prophetic dream is illustrated as a characteristic of a modernistic story, the article's function of dream is discussed as another proof confirming that the modernistic ecbasis and tendencies of novel "Guest" is striking. In the paper prophetic dream is discussed based on the example of Tarkhuji's dream being on the verge of committing suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze Mladen Tarbuk’s song cycle Sanjači [The Dreamers] within the context of high and low Croatian culture and on the basis of both musical parameters and the literary work of Nikola Šop. The paper also aims to place the song cycle in the realm of high, canonical culture. The paper summarizes the literature on the song cycle, as well as the perspectives that need to be established in order to critically investigate the musical style, compositional technique, performance and musical aesthetics of the work, and to position the results within the context of the data, comments and instructions of the composer. For the song cycle Sanjači the composer was inspired by the metaphysical lyricism of the great poet Nikola Šop. Under this lyrical veil, on the border between sleep and wakefulness, the composer has given us an exceptional, canonical neo-expressionist work. The song cycle (dedicated to Lidija Horvat-Dunjko) was created over eight years, from 1993 to 2001. In it, the poet searches for the meaning of existence and senses the metaphysical fullness of being. The composer, considering the literary template’s depth, outlines this metaphysical incorporeality at the edge of possibility with his neo-expressionist music. He has given the soloist soprano a part that is both exiting and one of the most difficult in the musical literature with a duration of forty minutes. The composer uses lush instrumentation in order to foreground the difference, through instrumental timbre, between the ethereal world of dreams and the much more hectic and louder world of reality, while the metric countdown of a repeated tone symbolizes the flow of time, which, even though it passes, does not represent progress in the world of the dreamer, but the endless repetition of the same situations. It is this timelessness that permeates all songs of the cycle. Besides possessing a high proficiency in sight-reading (because the musical structure is extremely complicated, both in rhythm as well as intonation), the soloist is required to have excellent voice control within a huge vocal and dynamic range, to be able to richly modulate and to use shading with vocal timbres, which must almost always remain light and airy in order not to compromise the atmosphere of incorporeality. It is very important to pronounce the verses as clearly as possible and to moderate as much as possible the use of vibrato in the voice. The voice of the dreamer is often in an extremely high vocal register and needs to be very fragile and quiet, which is quite demanding for any singer. After a thorough analysis of Tarbuk’s (Šop’s) Sanjači and bearing in mind all the mentioned parameters of evaluating a canonical piece of art, it is possible to conclude that this extremely valuable song cycle fulfills all the conditions of entrance to canonical culture. It is musically and poetically totally incomprehensible and unacceptable to an uneducated recipient, harmonically, rhythmically, musically and performance-wise extremely complex and very interesting and exciting in its ethereal metaphysics to an »elite« listener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author, although an analyst, is an initiate into the topic of environmental destruction. Following Wendell Berry, she enters the dark and begins a journey of dream-like reflection, weaving images from her own dream and drawing on the work of Vaughan, Bernstein, Soloveitchik and Sacks. She asks, 'not if but where does climate change enter the room?'. The second half of the paper focuses on the manifestations of environmental destruction in dreams and sandplay from three patients and one dream group participant. The paper argues that the analyst must see and intuit before our patients can access the objective layer of environmental destruction in dreams and symbolic material. In this way, the climate becomes the wounded patient, and the analyst as wounded healer must first access his/her own relationship to the wounds inside. Finally, using an ancient Jewish mythological story of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, the author argues that Jungian analysts must work to find balance between the inner world of depth psychology and the outer world with its challenges and problems that include environmental destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic caused a shortage of health care staff, forcing the hiring of senior nursing students. Aims: To describe the psychosocial impact and coping strategies used by nursing students during the first outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic and to understand the coping strategies they employed. Method: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, based on Sandelowski's proposal. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit 18 students hired during the pandemic. The students were interviewed between 18 March and 15 June 2020. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted using a digital platform. An inductive thematic analysis was performed. Findings The students lived alone and isolated during their contract to protect their cohabitants from possible contagion. The impact of working during the pandemic leads to experiences of stress, insomnia, nightmares and anxiety. Nursing students coped with the emotional burden through mental disconnection and the support of co‐workers and family members. Conclusion: Psychological support and tutoring should be provided by health centres. In addition, in these special circumstances, universities should adapt the training provided. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? In Spain, as in many other countries, a state of alarm was declared during the first wave of COVID 19. The Ministry of Health established measures to manage the health crisis and contain infections, including the hiring of senior nursing students to work.Working conditions had a high physical and psycho‐emotional impact on health professionals.The lack of prior experience of students in the context of a pandemic and how they enter the workforce could make it difficult to develop adequate coping strategies, enhancing the presence of mental and emotional disorders.What this paper adds? During their work, and in order to avoid contagion, the students lived apart from their families, limited their contacts and were isolated in refuge in rooms or homes. Upon entering the home, they showered, changed clothes and disinfected any surfaces they touched.The students described feeling stressed due to the lack of protective equipment and staff, heavy workloads and lack of knowledge regarding the unit and work protocols. They worried about making mistakes, doing their jobs poorly or being unable to help patients. When they got home, they had episodes of insomnia and anxiety.Faced with this situation, students used mental disconnection or distraction as coping strategies. Others shared their fears and uncertainties with other health care professionals and family members, seeking support and understanding. Other times, they tried to be strong and hide their suffering.The implications of this paper: The incorporation of students as relief for professionals in a situation of extreme need is not exempt from significant psychosocial risks and should include monitoring programs and psychological evaluation.The hospitals should monitor and mentor students to facilitate their adaptation to similar situations in the future.The students required greater support from the administration, including offering them housing where they could live away from family and relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel controlled adaptive mental causal network model addressing how dreams overnight can influence creativity in waking life. The network model depicts in a causal, dynamic, and generic manner which adaptive mental processes underlie the connection between dreams and creativity and is shown to be validated with the existing cognitive neuroscience literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowhere do we see the beauty of our struggles so clearly as in the world of dreams. This past year saw the passing of one of our most creative and inspiring poets of the world of dreams, Paul Lippmann. In this paper, I speak from and about the world of dreams, recognizing ways in which they call to our attention aspects of experience which, unparsed, leave us caught emotionally. Considered will be the dream itself, its forms and functions, ways in which our emotional tangles within the dream space become visual pictograms. Bion suggested that the purpose of psychoanalysis is to enhance the capacities for feeling, thinking and dreaming. The dreaming process is enhanced by and in the psychoanalytic session. Through the dream work of analyst and analysand, dream elements become more fully elaborated into meaningful symbols that enrich the evolving narratives within the sessions. I will also consider ways in which psychosocial perspectives and psychoanalytic field theory have enhanced our understanding of and ability to make sense of our dreams, providing an enlarged playing field beyond the reconstructive efforts of early psychoanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide an ‘operational definition’ of the term ‘spirituality’, allowing the appearance of this complex descriptor in first-person reports to be identified and measured. It describes the Casto Spirituality Scoring System (CSSS), which is based on the Hall-Van de Castle system of content analysis of dream content and the Hood Mysticism Scale. The CSSS was employed to identify spiritual content in two data sets, namely a collection of 200 dream reports from six different countries, and a collection of 20 reports from people who had undergone sessions with ayahuasca, an Amazonian mind-altering tea. The CSSS was able to identify spiritual content in several areas: ‘Spiritual Objects’, ‘Spiritual Characters’, ‘Spiritual Settings’, ‘Spiritual Activities’; and ‘Spiritual Emotions’. The CSSS can be used to differentiate ‘spiritual experiences’ from ‘religious experiences’, although sometimes there will be an overlap. The CSSS is no substitute for longer phenomenological reports, but the latter do not lend themselves easily to studies attempting to correlate ‘spiritual experiences’ with other activities. Finally, the relevance of the CSSS to transpersonal psychology and psychotherapy is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A 'new' way of dreaming has emerged during the pandemic, enhancing the interest of psychological literature. Indeed, during the years of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), many studies have investigated dream‐related phenomena and dreaming functions. Considering the constant and rapid emergence of new results on this topic, the main aim of this study was to create an 'observatory' on the short‐ and long‐term consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dreaming, by means of a living systematic review. The baseline results are presented, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement guidelines, to identify and discuss existing studies about dreams and dreaming during the COVID‐19 pandemic published until February 2022. Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and PubMed were used for the search strategy, yielding 71 eligible papers included in the review. Our results show: (a) a more intense oneiric activity during lockdown; (b) changes in dreaming components (especially dream‐recall and nightmare frequency); (c) a particular dreaming scenario ('pandemic dreams'); (d) an alteration of the dreaming–waking‐life continuum and a specific function of dreaming as emotional regulator. Findings suggest that monitoring changes in dreaming provides important information about psychological health and could also contribute to the debate on the difficulties of dreaming, as well as sleeping, in particular during and after a period of 'collective trauma'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep paralysis and lucid dreams are two states of consciousness that are connected to REM sleep but are defined by higher awareness in contrast to regular REM sleep. Despite these similarities, the two states differ widely in their emotional tone and their perceived controllability. This review aims to summarize the current research containing sleep paralysis and lucid dreams. However, given the sparsity of the research, one single topic cannot be chosen. Methods: Articles containing both lucid dreams as well as sleep paralysis were searched for in the following databanks: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and PSYNDEX. Further, citations of the found papers were examined. Results: 10 studies were included in the review. Most of the studies were surveys, but there was also a case study, a randomized trial, and an observational EEG study. The numbers of participants ranged from a single participant in the case study to 1928 participants in a survey. The main findings were that correlations between sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming were positive and significant in most of the studies. Conclusions: There is a connection between lucid dreaming and sleep paralysis. However, research is still very limited and diverse in the methodologies used. Future research should build standardized methods for examining the two phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Freud's "The interpretation of Dreams", working with dreams has continued to play a major role in psychoanalysis, though different perspectives have developed about the function and meaning of dreams. This controversy is discussed on the background of findings in empirical as well as clinical dream research. In this paper, the research method Structural Dream Analysis is introduced which investigates the changes in structure of dreams over the course of psychotherapy. The method is applied to the specimen case Amalia X, which is considered to be the best investigated case in the history of psychotherapy research. Based on the results from this case and from other studies, the implications for psychoanalytic dream theories, namely those of Jung and Freud, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to Veronica Csillag and George Bermudez's discussions of our paper, "The Reality of Trauma; The Trauma of Reality," we emphasize the importance of a social aspect – the "we-ness" – of the subject (the me). We offer more detail about issues that were raised by the reviewers: the role of leadership and the political leader in social processes; "the Atmosphere" which is central to our model of the social; and how psychoanalytic theories and techniques can be applied in process and psychodrama groups as the "stage" of society. Additionally, we share our preliminary experience with an ongoing clinical group that was created to study and process transgenerational trauma legacies, and in which we attend to the dreaming capacity of the collective field (the Atmosphere). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dionne Brand's meditative and narrative rule-breaking book, A Map to the Door of No Return: Notes to Belonging, reveals the ways in which the incredible effortfulness of living, dreaming and sleeping is not only proof of a shared condition of Blackness but also of an antiblack world. Sleep (or a lack thereof) indexes scales of and relations to antiblackness. In this paper, I consider the mirrored boundaries between wakefulness/sleep and life/death, probing their psycho-existential and ontological infrastructures. I argue that these states of being are tethered, however tenuously, to each other and in doing so, clarify the stakes of the ostensibly quotidian and mundane. By analyzing insomnia, slumber, fever dreams and nightmares, the text reveals the literal and metaphorical coordinates that locate the bounds of Black consciousness and freedom. Black sleep becomes a kind of freedom, insofar as it offers reprieve that is only possible when the dreamwork is forgotten or psychically registered as nothing at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standing in as a monumental work of Ottoman first-person prose that is without precedent, the Seyāḥatnāme ("Book of Travels"), at once a travelogue as well as a literary composition, is an ideal source for conducting a sensate history of Ottoman-Islamic society in the 17th century. Using characteristic flair and imagination, its author Evliyā Çelebi relates a number of fantastical anecdotes where scent plays a key narrative purpose, once in the context of conversing with the sacred dead in a dream, and on three occasions during visits to the caves of various Islamicate religious figures from the past. This paper will analyze these anecdotes to determine the narrative functions of scent in the text and in doing so tease out how olfaction was implicated in the Ottoman religious and social imaginary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the question of assisted dying from both a legal and psychological perspective within the legal parameters in place at the time of writing of this paper. Links are made between Kohut's notion of an acceptance of the finiteness of existence and of transience as one of several indicators of the maturation and transformation of archaic narcissism, and Jung's notion of the readiness and ability to 'die with life' as the goal of the second half of life. The author raises awareness of the importance of the need for clarity with regard to these issues on the part of therapists who may be required to provide an evaluation of a patient's admissibility to a service of assisted dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of Freud's Interpretation of Dreams over a century ago, there has been a surprising dearth of systematic treatment in the psychoanalytic literature on ways to address dream interpretation in practice and in training. It is argued here that dreams remain a royal road to the unconscious and that understanding can be enriched through the application of a methodical approach which incorporates a range of different theories (despite their having generated major rifts in the history of psychoanalysis). In earlier research, I developed a four‐part sequential 'model in theory' for organizing, comparing and integrating contributions from different theorists to dream interpretation. The present article reports on the model's usefulness for examining case material. Analysis of three case vignettes from experienced clinicians revealed that the model's constructs hold good for examining real‐life dream material, which also suggests its applicability as a basis for training. Further work with the vignettes gave rise to a related 'model in practice' for understanding dream work in therapy as a triangular situation in which the dream, the patient, and the practitioner have distinct roles. Applying these models to case material, as illustrated in this paper, indicates their potential for further exploration, and to use in the structure, design and practical implementation of learning and training that specifically addresses work with dreams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are subjects ever morally responsible for their dreams? In this paper I argue that if, as some theories of dreams entail, dreaming subjects sometimes express agency while they dream, then they are sometimes morally responsible for what they do and are potentially worthy of praise and blame while they dream and after they have awoken. I end by noting the practical and theoretical implications of my argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are studying the “incubation” practices of the Ancient Age and Byzantine Period in the “religious tourism” scope based on literature reviews. In its broadest sense, the term incubation can be explained as a treatment by means of dreams. Being treated and healing during and under the influence of a dream can be achieved with the effect of power that is derived from faith. The place of sleep to dream ought to be a sacred space, and the interpreter of a dream must be a minister. People are expecting relieve their pain, which they suffer in the physical world, with the help of spiritualism. In this context, Asclepieia of the Ancient world and churches in the Byzantium are the buildings that serve this purpose. The consideration of certain practices that are conducted according to certain rituals are preferred by people in every century in the context of the religious tourism provides us with significant hints in tracing them back and understanding their similarities and differences, along with their common parts. This study, where you will find specific examples for the religious applicability of the incubation and the spatial insights of this practice, aims at bringing a different perspective to the causality of religious tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the meaning of dreams is of great importance in psychotherapy, because dreams reveal the unconscious. A dream shared with a group can indicate an unconscious reflection of group events. The therapist should inquire into what the person who had the dream or the group itself cannot process, and trying to work through the shared dream. Since dreams could represent containers of individual and collective anxiety, failure to work them through may lead to acting out. Group analysts believe that, if and when this is possible, it is important to reach the latent dream thoughts, particularly those with a transference prefix. In this paper, we will present examples of how a group attempted to work through a group event that affected the evocation of strict parental figures by discussing dreams that have a group character. Through dreams, the group worked through resistance, the negative side of transference, and ultimately, the integration of the negative and positive sides of transference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here I present a close re-reading and creative expansion of Richard Rusbridger's (2004) clinical work with a patient who reported a dream of a hybrid woman. Building on W. R. Bion's reading of the Oedipus myth and Melanie Klein's theory of the combined parent figure, and drawing on imagery ancient and modern, I re-interpret the patient's dream as an encounter with the Sphinx. Why does this enigmatic figure, threatening annihilation, emerge at this particular threshold in the patient's analysis? To explore this question, I return to Sophocles' Oedipus the King and offer a new translation of the exchange between Tiresias and Oedipus as they debate the king's famous victory over the monster. Where (and when) do we meet the Sphinx today? What form does the ancient monster take in modern life? In this paper, I ask us to consider what it means to meet the Sphinx—and how we might respond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that Heinz Kohut's theory of self-state dreams should be seen as a coherent general theory in a historical sequence from the dream theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Ronald Fairbairn, Erik Erikson, and others. Kohut stressed his notion of self-state dreams added a dimension to Freud's theory applicable for a class of troubled patients and was not meant to replace Freud's theories. A close look at his actual clinical work with dreams, however, suggests the more general applicability of his theory. Self-state dreams, we argue, are an integral part of the vocabulary of self that Kohut introduced into psychoanalysis and, parenthetically, have shaped current thinking and research. To test the idea of the general applicability of Kohut's theory of the self-state dream, the authors assembled a large database of all dreams mentioned in Kohut's writings, along with the dreams of patients whose analysts were in supervision with Kohut and few other dreams Kohut analyzes in literature and history. The database indicates the source of the dream, the patient and analyst where known, the dream as reported, the category into which it fits, and any additional thoughts where relevant. The paper is meant as an elaboration of an earlier paper in this journal, "On Dreams". The complete database has been made available as supplemental material for this article. It can be accessed online at [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are characterized by the subjective experience of being located outside the physical body. Little is known about the neurophysiology of spontaneous OBEs, which are often reported by healthy individuals as occurring during states of reduced vigilance, particularly in proximity to or during sleep (sleep-related OBEs). In this paper, we review the current state of research on sleep-related OBEs and hypothesize that maintaining consciousness during transitions from wakefulness to REM sleep (sleep-onset REM periods) may facilitate sleep-related OBEs. Based on this hypothesis, we propose a new conceptual model that potentially describes the relationship between OBEs and sleep states. The model sheds light on the phenomenological differences between sleep-related OBEs and similar states of consciousness, such as lucid dreaming (the realization of being in a dream state) and sleep paralysis (feeling paralyzed while falling asleep or waking up), and explores the potential polysomnographic features underlying sleep-related OBEs. Additionally, we apply the predictive coding framework and suggest a connecting link between sleep-related OBEs and OBEs reported during wakefulness. • There is a need for polysomnography, EEG and fMRI studies on OBEs emerging from sleep and dreaming states. • Sleep-related OBEs are linked to REM intrusions, dissociated REM states, and sleep-onset REM periods. • Sleep-related OBEs exhibit unique phenomenological features distinct from sleep paralysis and lucid dreaming. • Sleep-related OBEs, sleep paralysis, and lucid dreaming may emerge sequentially from wake-sleep transitions. • OBEs and sleep paralysis may represent a single type of phenomenon experienced with varying degrees of intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in sleep and dreams are often observed during pregnancy. Dreaming may represent privileged access to the inner world of individuals, providing relevant information about their well-being. For this reason, a growing but heterogeneous literature has investigated dream experiences of pregnant women. The present paper aimed to systematically review the available evidence on the relationship between pregnancy and oneric activity, focusing on dream and nightmare frequency, dream contents, and emotional features. Moreover, dream changes between pre-partum and post-partum periods and the impact of previous pregnancy-related adverse events on dreaming have been summarized. Overall, 17 studies have been examined. The reviewed evidence suggests that women tend to have an abundant production of dreams and nightmares during pregnancy, and some results support the view that a high rate of dream recall is associated with poor sleep quality. Most studies have shown a high presence of pregnancy-related dream content, likely reflecting waking experiences and concerns. Additionally, dreaming may promote psychological preparation and activation of functional coping strategies to face life changes after childbirth. • Dreams may represent privileged access to the inner world of pregnant women. • Dreaming could promote emotional regulation in pregnant women. • Literature on dreaming in pregnancy is still characterized by many methodological flaws. • The assessment of dreams may be useful for health professionals to evaluate mood-related aspects of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This protocol paper describes the second survey produced by the International Covid Sleep Study (ICOSS) group with the aim to examine the associations between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and sleep, sleepiness, and circadian problems as potential predisposing factors for more severe COVID‐19 disease profile and for development of Long‐COVID in the general population. The survey consists of 47 questions on sleep, daytime sleepiness, circadian rhythm, health, mental wellbeing, life habits, and socioeconomic situation before and during the pandemic, and conditional questions to those reporting having had coronavirus infection, being vaccinated, or suffering from particular sleep symptoms or sleep disorders. Surveys will be administered online between May and November 2021 in Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and USA. Data collected by the survey will give valuable information on the open questions regarding COVID‐19 disease risk factors, symptomatology and evolution of Long‐COVID, and on other long‐term consequences related to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For some patients, separation and disruptions lead to states of fragmentation and their dreams do not always lend themselves to the ordinary kind of analysis. Their dreams indicate that things are falling apart. For Elizabeth, the patient discussed in this paper, her dreams were the vehicle that allowed painful and disavowed sectors of herself to take up residence in our minds, where the disavowed sectors might be joined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines Russell Edson's metaliterary texts. Since almost no previous attempts have been made to consistently systematize them, a diachronic approach has been adopted. Edson's collections, leaving aside his two novels and four short plays, are taken as the corpus for this work. Accordingly, his surrealist ars poetica is also analyzed in the light of his own dreamlike short texts, whether prose poems or short-short stories. It is concluded that the American writer constructed his apparently nonsensical works on the basis of a highly sophisticated rationalism insomuch as they refer to their own processes of composition while still preserving most of their surrealist features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I attempt to show how deep engagement, which is gradually developed within the relational container, can facilitate access to the psychoid dimension of the unconscious characterized by a quality of interconnectedness. The resulting synchronistic experiences can support and strengthen this container as well as having profound re-connecting impact on the people involved. With this in mind, I suggest that openness to this dimension can be very important in working with the issues of loss, abandonment, aloneness and mistrust in human connections - the symbolic domain of the orphan. Although none of the patients I describe in this paper were actual orphans, symbolically the orphan theme featured significantly in their processes, in that early relational trauma left them feeling profoundly alone and unable to trust human contact. For this reason, the most important yet difficult challenge of the work was to help them restore their sense of connectedness to themselves and to others. I consider the role of attunement and reverie as the basis for facilitating this openness and propose that such openness can be seen as a feature of the analytic attitude in its own right and that it constitutes a unique contribution of the Jungian approach to working with early trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a reading of Sharon Sliwinski's Mandela's Dark Years: A Political Theory of Dreaming. Sliwinski reflects on Nelson Mandela's dream-life while he was incarcerated on Robben Island, and the ways in which his dreams, which staged for him the affect of racial oppression, may have contributed to his judgment of apartheid and his concept of freedom. While acknowledging the productivity of this framing of Mandela's dream-life—it should interest anyone concerned with political subjectivity, sovereignty, and modes of resistance—the paper develops two lines of critique. The first underlines the political implications of two Kantian concepts Sliwinski utilises to characterise Mandela's intellectual contribution to the world: the sublime and enlarged thought, both of which are part of a discourse on disinterested reflection and aesthetic judgment. The second offers a psychoanalytic formulation of Mandela's dreams different to the one Sliwinski proposes, placing childhood wishes, the death drive, and the postal system more centrally than they are in Mandela's Dark Years. Linking these two lines, the objectives here are: to reconsider a certain Kantianism within psychoanalysis, and to abide by what in Mandela's thought might trouble disinterested reflection and implicate it, as well as any psychoanalytic approach to dreams of freedom, in the very violence against which Mandela fought. Ultimately, it is an argument for a postcolonial psychoanalysis that might learn from Mandela's example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas Müntzer was one of the most important inaugurators of the Radical Reformation. The paper opens with a brief biography comparing his career to that of Meister Eckhart. The paper then examines sources in the German mystical tradition with which Müntzer was familiar. These sources included the sermons of Eckhart's followers Johannes Tauler and Heinrich Seuso, and even several sermons by Eckhart himself. The heart of the paper examines several key components of Müntzer's thought for evidence of the ways in which this mystical tradition influenced him. It takes up Müntzer's notion of the birth of the inner or living Word in the soul, the deepest part of the soul as an 'abyss' in which it is necessary to confront one's fear of God, the importance of detachment from selfish and material desires in order to attain contact and union with God, and, in the final part of the paper, Müntzer's theory that certain dreams are sources of divine revelation and mystical experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a continuation of the comparison of interpersonal/relational theory and Bionian field theory that I began in two articles that appeared in Psychoanalytic Dialogues in 2013. The paper has two sections. In the first, I discuss differences between Bionian field theory and interpersonal and relational psychoanalysis. In the second, I turn to what the two schools of field theory share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]