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This comparison of Thomson papers with comparable newspapers indicates they lost more revenue and circulation during 1980s when high profit goals were set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the cooccurrence of heightened media attention after the publication of a paper by Skovlund et al in September 2016 on the link between hormonal contraception and depression or mood on adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the UK. Methods: A quantitative analysis of relevant newspaper articles published between January 2014 and December 2017 was performed, as well as a content analysis. ADR reports were collected from the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency website and via a Freedom of Information request. A quantitative analysis was performed on ADR reports of hormonal contraceptives for all ADRs and for depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Results: The publication of the Skovlund et al paper did not lead to a peak in relevant newspaper articles, but there was a change in the content of the newspaper articles, which focussed more on the link between hormonal contraceptives and depression or mood. There was an overall increase in ADR reports by women relating to hormonal contraceptives between 2016 and 2017, and for combined contraceptives this was due to an increase in ADR reports of depressed mood disorders and disturbances. Conclusions: The content of media attention appears to affect ADR reporting by women for combined contraceptives. In general, patients report the majority of depressed mood disorders and disturbances ADRs as opposed to health professionals, who report other ADRs. Care providers can anticipate the effect of heightened media attention and help patients when they experience these ADRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates readers' perceptions of Idikelethu newspaper as a tool for community development, particularly in Alice, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data was collected from two focus group discussions that were held in the areas where Idikelethu newspaper has high readership rates. The findings revealed that development-related issues such as health awareness, education and community safety, among others, are regularly addressed by this community newspaper. Based on the findings and analysis of data, this study concludes that Idikelethu newspaper contributes in many ways to the development of its readers and Alice community in general. It is anticipated that the findings of this paper will play an important role in assisting Idikelethu and other community newspapers to function better as agents of community development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early twentieth century, American newspapers enjoyed high circulations while presenting readers with diverse and plentiful content. After 1920, radio broadcasting made even more information available for public consumption, giving audience members an abundant range of media choices. During a time of plenty for readers and listeners, companies in the business of media struggled with the opposite problem: scarcity. As the amount of media content proliferated, the practical ability to disseminate it was determined by the access to scarce resources, and this was true for both radio broadcasting and newspaper publishing. In many respects, the history of the American mass media in the early twentieth century might best be told as a tale of two scarcities, one—the electromagnetic spectrum—defined by absolute limits and the other—the newsprint—defined by access to markets for a particular material, the supply of which often fluctuated in availability and price. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Through a comparative media analysis, this paper examines the media coverage of the print dailies Utusan Malaysia and The Star as well as the online news site MalaysiaKini on the debate over kalimah Allah that gained momentum in early 2010, when the High Court allowed Christians in Malaysia to use the term Allah for addressing God in their religious services and publications. A systems theoretical approach is used to study the interrelation of mass media and the political system. Although one might assume that because of the highly controlled print media, Malaysia's realities are challenged only via "online dissent", this study suggests that Malaysia's linguistically plural public sphere offers multiple re-presentations of reality even within the highly restricted context print publications operate in. It also shows that the print media landscape not only reflects and reproduces the ethnic-based division of Malaysia's political system, but is a key player in actively creating the ethnic division of Malaysian society that is crucial for the ruling coalition to stay in power. Hence, this paper argues that, even though technological innovations do offer spaces to create alternative realities, in a multi-lingual national context as in Malaysia, the interrelation between language and news content is an even more crucial element of constructing shared knowledge and collective identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User rankings provide detailed information about the news selection of internet audiences. Due to the difficult economic situation of many publishing companies, newsrooms are increasingly forced to take these data into account. This paper contributes to the debate about an increasing audience orientation in journalism. We conducted a content analysis of various media outlets and user rankings in order to explore current differences between journalistic news selection and selections of the audience. Our comparison criteria include news values and topics. The results show similarities in news values, but differences in preferred topics. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by user rankings for the analysis of audience behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that according to three-quarters of editors in small newspapers in the U.S., with circulations of fewer than 25,000, accuracy of news was a serious problem. An unintended or a careless error in a published news story can cause severe repercussions, whether inside a community served by a small paper or throughout a country that reads a national edition. The American Society of Newspaper Editors conducted a major survey examining credibility in newspapers and found that accuracy was at the top of both journalists' and readers' concerns. Research have found that, over time, high quality news content positively affects circulation and small papers that put money back into their newsrooms to improve the quality of their news product end up realizing higher revenues. The study found that less than half of the editors thought accuracy had gotten worse over time at their own newspaper, but nearly two-thirds thought that accuracy had indeed declined over time in the print news media overall.

This paper explores the manner through which the International Hockey League (IHL) and its operations were portrayed in newspaper coverage in the larger urban centers of eastern Canada, where hockey had its developmental and organizational roots within the middle- and upper-middle-class community, and compares it to coverage that appeared in newspapers in the communities that hosted IHL teams, which were communities driven by industry and had large working-class populations. To do so, a comparison of newspaper coverage of the IHL in local IHL newspapers with reports published in newspapers in major Canadian cities strongly associated with the origins, development, and organizational control of ice hockey, is undertaken. The development of the sport of ice hockey in both Canada and the USA, and newspaper coverage generally, and hockey specifically, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is reviewed. Representative examples of the coverage of IHL games and operations over the course of its three-year operations are then provided. Having compared the coverage of games and operations of the IHL between IHL and Canadian-based newspapers, the paper concludes with a discussion of how business competition, competing ideologies toward high-level sport, and class-based perceptions regarding violence, aggression, and masculinity can affect the newspaper coverage of sporting events.

This article discusses how the British Labour Party's leadership opposed and then reluctantly welcomed the takeover in 1984 of the "Daily Mirror" newspaper and its sister papers by Robert Maxwell. It considers the significance of this decision by detailing the history of the Mirror's ownership and the particular importance of the paper not having a single proprietor for 50 years. It briefly outlines the position of Neil Kinnock and Labour on journalistic autonomy in the press prior to the Maxwell takeover. By outlining evidence from Neil Kinnock's private papers, it details the secret negotiations held between Kinnock and the Mirror staff in their bid to oppose Maxwell. It also considers how Maxwell intervened and why Kinnock had limited choice but to welcome this "monster," in order to maintain newspaper support for the Labour Party.

Free daily newspapers, first introduced in Sweden in 1995, have proved to be much more than a passing phenomenon. By 2002, 80 free daily newspapers were introduced in 26 countries, 60 of them still exist. In thirteen countries free papers are responsible for more than ten percent of the total daily weekday circulation. The total circulation of the 60 free papers is almost 10 million copies, every day more than 20 million people read these papers. Vie success of the free papers is the result of their efficient cost structure and their ability to reach a new and relatively young audience. When looking more closely at the firms that publish these free newspapers two different models emerge; first, the entrepreneur entering a new market, and second the local or national newspaper firm. In the second model, free papers are launched to prevent other firms entering the market or to counter new firms already in the market. In the long run these obstructive tactics may develop into more positive strategies. Most readers are former ‘non-readers’ or people who read paid and free newspapers. Existing firms are developing strategies to benefit from the growing readership of newspapers created by free papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a prominent subject in contemporary journalism. A growing set of stories deal, under the rubric of "services", with the issue of quality of life, discussing the well-being in current societies. Facing this context, this article aims at refl ecting on this topic through the lenses of magazine journalism. The paper sheds light on the way this type of information simultaneously responds to certain social demands and nurtures them. The discussion addresses historical questions and focuses on the dialogue between social issues and journalistic production, thus disclosing features of the magazine. It conceives of magazines as a specifi c medium of communication, which elaborates, through segmented publications, an editorial construct in consonance with a contemporary model of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The curriculum for journalism is being forced to change because the traditional print-based and broadcast modes are being challenged by wide and easy access to online mass communication. Primarily, students need to develop proficiency in writing, editing and publishing. However, they are also expected to be skilled in the Web medium as they venture into their careers, and weblogs offer a dynamic platform to develop these skills. Based on a statistical summary of student comments on the performance criteria for a blog project, a focus group interview and survey results, this paper will discuss the findings from the introduction of a course-based blog to an undergraduate course in Hong Kong, including: (1) the technical challenge of making Web features; (2) the perception of proficiency in online publishing; (3) the evaluative skills developed through a peer-review process; and (4) the development of a learning community through writing in blogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the 1950s to the 1970s, during the peak of the cold war, communist journalists had a significant presence in Brazilian conservative papers. They even held highranking positions. Newspaper owners were aware of their political orientations, but they did not seem concerned. In fact, some of those communist journalists enjoyed high professional prestige. An unusual symbiotic relationship has developed between conservative publishers and their communist employees. This article discusses such relationship in light of the modernization of Brazilian newspapers that started in the 1950s. To modernize their newspapers, publishers needed to rely on journalists' ability to deal with the news as a technical, industrial product. Journalists with communist sympathies provided skilled work and were willing to be loyal and disciplined in the newsrooms. They had their own reasons for working in the "big press." The American rhetoric of professional journalism provided a common language for communist journalists and conservative publishers to work together. The Brazilian case has important lessons for analyzing the adaptation of the American model of professional journalism in different national settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the processes of, motivations for, and market consequences of bilingual journalism in Spain, and considers this phenomenon in the context of linguistics, identity, and theorizing about nationhood. Based on newsroom observation and interviews with journalists at newspapers in Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia, this article develops a framework of production, content, and tailored bilingualism for understanding the operations of this fledgling form of journalism. Moreover, against the backdrop of local nationalism, ethno-linguistic identity, and advocacy journalism, this study posits that a modulated approach to Anderson's (1983) concept of "imagined communities" might begin to explain the rise of bilingual journalism in certain regions of Spain. Newspaper editors there have imagined language communities - niche "nations" of readers with whom they feel a special kinship and for whom they feel a moral obligation to preserve the ethnic language. This "public service" comes at a heavy cost: An analysis of circulation data demonstrates that the most aggressive bilingual journalism has failed to attract wide readership, calling into question the very essence of the editors' imagined communities and their efforts to serve them. Finally, this paper considers the Spanish case in the wider context of global media trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many countries, women are not only running for office; they are winning. This comparative study investigates how newspapers - decision makers' predominant information medium - frame new female government heads during their first-200-days-in-office in Germany, Liberia and Chile. International and national reports are systematically analyzed to understand how female leadership is transitioning within the public sphere. International frames and national frames show gender-mediated differences across boundaries and media. Conclusions drawn from two international sources and each country's national paper of record also suggest routinization and normalization of news presentation, regardless of cultural, social and political contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the findings of a study on the relationship between newsroom investment and circulation change, five and 10 years after the initial measurement of investment. According to several observers, lower newsroom budgets will result in fewer journalists in newsrooms and, therefore, fewer staff-produced articles and/or less time to spend on articles. According to a model of news demand, published in 1989, there is a positive relationship between newspaper quality and circulation performance. One method of quality measurement of journalism is called the financial commitment approach, which assumes that financial commitment to the newsroom is a surrogate measure of quality. The study discussed in the paper uses the equivalent of a newsroom investment index derived from 1984 content to test its association with circulation changes in 41 daily newspapers with more than 25,000 circulation. The study found a positive association between newsroom investment in 1984 by daily newspapers with more than 25,000 circulation and the percentage change in circulation five years later.

The article focuses on the threat posed by computerized information sources to newspapers. Electronic newspapers make it feasible for publishers to some day give up paper entirely, saving themselves and their customers money and receiving all the benefits of the digital age. The electronic newspapers are download-able, the computerized news would be clean and would produce no waste. Electronic newspaper could be selective and catering to any reader's particular interests. News can be sent out and downloaded immediately and would be fresher, more current than day-old print.

The article focuses on the quandary of the newspaper industry in the U.S. It tells that the industry has suffered declining revenues within the past decade due to decreasing readership and diminishing revenues from advertisements. It adds that the traditional papers have failed to follow their readers who are continually seeking and searching out for interactive and collaborative environments where they can locate answers to queries, discuss their thoughts, and get ideas to stay informed. However, it says that newspapers can fight back at the world of new media by adopting new trends through the creation of journalism-based products integrated with online and community-based initiatives.

Evaluates newspapers in the Czech Republic. Changes in the Czech press since the 1990s, mainly on appearance, content and names; Success of papers which existed prior to November 1989,; such as "Mlada Fronta Dnes" and "Pravo"; Foreign ownership of the Czech newspaper sector; Similarity in the content and overall character of some newspapers such as "Mlada Fronta Dnes," "Pravo" and "Lidove Noviny"; Negative impact of the press' emphasis on mass sales on the quality of Czech journalism.