Search

We enjoyed reading Professor Efron's (Brad) paper just as much as we enjoyed listening to his June 2019 lecture in Leiden. Interestingly, Efron puts the pure predictive algorithms to the test in a scenario where the sample size is extremely moderate by today's standards ( I n i = 102). In the knockoff framework, one can use I any i black-box (any predictive model) to identify any kind possible association - linear or not - between a large set of explanatory variables HT ht and an outcome I Y i . This framework rigorously tests whether the conditional distribution HT ht actually depends on any of the variables I X SB j sb i without assuming any model for how I X i and I Y i are connected (Candès et al. 2018). [Extracted from the article]

Note, for instance, that the probabilities given by Castellares et al. ([1]) in page 4 are the same than those shown in expression (9.115) in the book by Johnson et al. ([3]), with the change of parameters Graph HT ht and Graph HT ht Neyman type A (NTA) distribution is frequently used in Biology, Biodosimetry, Environmental Sciences, Epidemiology, etc. A count random variable I X i is said to follow a stopped-sum Poisson, compound Poisson, multiple Poisson or clustered-Poisson distribution, if it can be represented as Graph HT ht where I N i is a Poisson random variable with parameter Graph HT ht and Graph HT ht are independent, identically distributed random variables that are also independent of I N i . [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, a finite element procedure is used to study the dynamic behaviour of a paper web in a free span between two rollers, including effects of transport velocity and surrounding air. The paper web is modelled as a three-dimensional orthotropic structure. The influence of air is accounted for by utilizing fluid–solid interaction analyses based on acoustic theory. The contribution of transport velocity is included through gyroscopic matrices and forces. The structural response on harmonic excitations has been studied using linear and non-linear models. Results show that air significantly reduces eigenfrequencies of the web. So called “edge-flutter” is nothing but the result of skew tension profile. Excessive web vibration can be eliminated by adjusting the web tension. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: In middle-aged individuals with early-stage knee osteoarthritis, follow-up with remote rehabilitation methods may provide effective clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of telerehabilitation on pain, function, performance, strength, proprioception, and psychosocial parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: A randomized controlled study was conducted with 54 participants with knee osteoarthritis. All patients were randomized into two groups: the home-based telerehabilitation group (n = 29) and the home-based paper group (n = 28). The home exercise program and training were provided with an instruction manual to paper group. The same home exercise and education prescriptions were given to individuals in telerehabilitation group via an online platform. Pain, function, quality of life, physical performance, muscle strength, and proprioception were evaluated at baseline and after 8 wks of intervention. In addition, satisfaction and usability were evaluated at week 8. Results: Telerehabilitation group demonstrated better improvement in terms of pain, function, quality of life index score, and left extremity proprioception (P < 0.05). Telerehabilitation group was not superior to paper group in terms of muscle strength and performance tests (except the Five Times Sit to Stand Test) (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The home-based telerehabilitation program was superior to the home-based paper group program for pain, function, quality of life, and proprioception in patients with knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses papers on synthetic data published in the previous issue of the journal. Topics covered include the common themes identified in the papers which deal with synthetic data according to the definition commonly used in the statistical disclosure control community, a different approach for data protection based on noise infusion discussed in one synthetic data paper, and a discussion on data dissemination.

Summary Peter J. Rousseeuw is a statistician known mainly for his work on robust statistics and cluster analysis. Among his creations are least trimmed squares regression, the minimum covariance determinant estimator, the partitioning around medoids clustering method and the silhouettes graphical display. Peter obtained his PhD in 1981 following research carried out at the ETH in Zürich, Switzerland, which led to a book on influence functions. Later, he was a professor at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, and at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Next, he was a researcher at Renaissance Technologies in New York for over a decade. He then returned to Belgium as a full professor at KU Leuven, until becoming emeritus in 2022. He is an elected member of the International Statistical Institute and a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the American Statistical Association. In the course of his career, Peter published three books and over 200 papers, together receiving over 100 000 citations. He was awarded the George Box Medal for Business and Industrial Statistics, the Research Medal of the International Federation of Classification Societies, the Frank Wilcoxon Prize, and twice the Jack Youden Prize. Recently, Peter received the 2024 ASA Noether Distinguished Scholar Award for nonparametric statistics. His former PhD students include Annick Leroy, Rik Lopuhaä, Geert Molenberghs, Christophe Croux, Mia Hubert, Stefan Van Aelst, Tim Verdonck and Jakob Raymaekers. He is the creator and sole sponsor of the Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics, which was first handed out by the King of Belgium in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 'Many-valued Logics', a lecture broadcast over New Zealand's public radio in 1957, Arthur N. Prior (1914–1969) complained that conjunctions are put 'to something like forced labour' in Łukasiewicz's three-valued semantics, Ł3. In this paper, we discuss what Prior might have meant by this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Restraining and secluding health consumers for safety reasons continue to be used in psychiatric inpatient facilities even though they have no therapeutic value and have negative effects on consumers, families and staff.Six Core Strategies (6CS) for reducing seclusion and restraint have been developed to address this problem but there are very few effectiveness studies in inpatient adolescent psychiatric facilities. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: We used a mixed methods approach to evaluate the implementation of 6CS in an adolescent psychiatric facility. The implementation was successful. It eliminated the use of seclusion, substantially reduced the use of restraints and significantly reduced staff absenteeism.Using thematic analysis on feedback surveys, we identified five dominant themes that described consumers' and carers' experiences during their stay at the facility: communication, service delivery, flexibility, consistency and internal feeling states. What are the implications for practice: This study provides support for the feasibility of a comprehensive and broad‐based intervention program such as 6CS to reduce seclusion and restraint practices in inpatient mental health facilities.This study also demonstrates the value of using surveys to gather consumer and carer feedback and improve outcomes for service users. Introduction: Seclusion and restraint practices are routinely used in psychiatric facilities but are controversial for ethical, legal and safety reasons, and can cause significant harm to consumers, staff and organisations. Six Core Strategies (6CS) for reducing seclusion and restraint were developed to address this problem but very few studies have examined their effectiveness in adolescent settings. Aim/Question: To evaluate the implementation of 6CS in an adolescent inpatient psychiatric facility. Method: We retrieved archival data from an acute adolescent psychiatric ward that implemented the 6CS. Using a mixed methods approach, we evaluated outcomes on the use of seclusion and restraint, nursing staff sick leave and feedback surveys. Results: Findings showed an elimination of seclusion, and a significant reduction in restraint use and staff absenteeism in the 12 months after project implementation. Thematic analysis of feedback survey responses identified communication, service delivery, flexibility, consistency and internal feeling states as dominant themes in consumers' and carers' experience on the unit. Discussion: The 6CS is feasible and may be effective in reducing seclusion and restraint, which in turn may have a positive impact on staff wellbeing. Implications for Practice: Implementation of the 6CS with executive support, combined with staff and programmatic changes at a local level is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate cancer mortality in pulp and paper industry workers exposed to chlorinated organic compounds. We assembled a multinational cohort of workers employed between 1920 and 1996 in 11 countries. Exposure to both volatile and nonvolatile organochlorine compounds was estimated at the department level using an exposure matrix. We conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age and calendar-period-specific national mortality rates and a Poisson regression analysis. The study population consisted of 60,468 workers. Workers exposed to volatile organochlorines experienced a deficit of all-cause [SMR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–0.93] and all-cancer (SMR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.97) mortality, with no evidence of increased risks for any cancer of a priori interest. There was a weak, but statistically significant, trend of increasing risk of all-cancer mortality with increasing weighted cumulative exposure. A similar deficit in all-cause (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.96) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–1.00) mortality was observed in those exposed to nonvolatile organochlorines. No excess risk was observed in cancers of a priori interest, although mortality from Hodgkin disease was elevated (SMR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.02–2.82). In this study we found little evidence that exposure to organochlorines at the levels experienced in the pulp and paper industry is associated with an increased risk of cancer, apart from a weak but significant association between all-cancer mortality and weighted cumulative volatile organochlorine exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give some comments on the paper by Mendes and Yigit where some misleading statements on rank tests have been given. Also, we give some additional important references on the same topic, which are not cited in this paper. By extending the simulations presented in the Mendes and Yigit paper to larger and unequal sample sizes, we demonstrate that the main conclusions are misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persuasive gamified systems are effective tools for motivating behaviour change using various persuasive strategies. In line with the reinforcement theory, some persuasive gamified systems employ reward and punishment in their design to achieve the intended behavioural outcome. Research has argued both in favour and against using these strategies in behaviour change applications due to mixed results with respect to their effectiveness. However, there is a lack knowledge about how interventions using these strategies could motivate or demotivate behaviours. Therefore, this paper explores the mechanism through which Reward and Punishment motivate or demotivate behaviours with respect to their strengths and weaknesses. The results of large-scale exploratory studies (N = 1768) uncover important strengths and weaknesses that could facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of Reward and Punishment at motivating behaviour change. These include their ability to engage users and make behaviour fun, reinforce commitments to goals, and reveal some consequences of bad behaviour. We also compared the perceived effectiveness of reward and punishment quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents and investigates a modified version of the Weibull distribution that incorporates four parameters and can effectively represent a hazard rate function with a shape resembling a bathtub. Its significance in the fields of lifetime and reliability stems from its ability to model both increasing and decreasing failure rates. The proposed distribution encompasses several well-known models such as the Weibull, extreme value, exponentiated Weibull, generalized Rayleigh, and modified Weibull distributions. The paper derives key mathematical statistics of the proposed distribution, including the quantile function, moments, moment-generating function, and order statistics density. Various mathematical properties of the proposed model are established, and the unknown parameters of the distribution are estimated using different estimation techniques. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these estimators is assessed through numerical simulation studies. Finally, the paper applies the new model and compares it with various existing distributions by analyzing two real-life time data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two categories of mathematical models were compared for the simulation of consolidation of paper coating structures, that is for the packing of pigments on a paper substrate under dewatering conditions. The first category uses probabilistic methods, relying on a random number generator to either determine the initial position of the pigments or their motion. The second category uses deterministic methods based on force balances. In this work, two probabilistic models and two deterministic models are described and their respective advantages and drawbacks are critically reviewed. Simulation results obtained using three of these methods are compared for the case of monodisperse and bidisperse spherical suspensions. Porosity calculations of the numerical packings obtained with the (deterministic) discrete element method (DEM) and two probabilistic methods, the Monte-Carlo (MCD) and the steepest descent (SDD) deposition methods, are compared with experimental data from the literature. These calculations reveal significant differences in the pore volume obtained with these three models. An analysis based on the bridging and relaxation phenomena that prevail in the flow of such particulate systems provide an explanation for these differences and show the strong potential of the discrete element method. The choice of the simulation method depends on the objective of the simulations. DEM will provide more accurate predictions of macroscopic quantities such as the porosity or the roughness, but requires very long computational times. MCD or SDD will only provide qualitative trends, but is computationally far less intense. A combination of strategies might be appropriate, using MCD (or SDD) to provide guidelines and DEM to enhance the results predicted by MCD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article reviews Albert Einstein's first published paper, submitted for publication in 1900. At that time, Einstein was 21 and a recent college graduate. His paper uses modeling and least squares to analyze data in support of a scientific proposition. Einstein is shown to be well trained, for his day, in using statistics as a tool in his scientific research. This paper also shows his ability to make trivial arithmetic mistakes and some clumsiness in data recording. A major aim of this article is to help provide a better appreciation of Einstein as an active user of statistical arguments in this and other of his important publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much debate exists between Frequentist and Bayesian methods in statistics. In the evaluation of evidence, the likelihood ratio is credited with quantifying the value of evidence in favour of one or other proposition by considering the probability of the evidence conditional on each proposition and this then converts the Bayesian prior odds into the posterior odds. Motivated by this approach, this paper considers an alternative p-value-based likelihood ratio by explicitly taking into account the behaviour of the Frequentist p-value under both hypotheses, rather than restricting focus solely on the null hypothesis. It is shown that by accommodating the alternative hypothesis, analysis leads to inferential conclusions which are consistent with Bayesian methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits sequential estimation of the autoregressive parameter β in a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) model and construction of a sequential confidence region for a parameter vector θ in a first-order threshold autoregressive (TAR(1)) model. To resolve a theoretical conjecture raised in Sriram (1986), we provide a comprehensive numerical study that strongly suggests that theregretin using a sequential estimator of β can be significantlynegativefor many heavy-tailed error distributions and even for normal errors. Secondly, to investigate yet another conjecture about the limiting distribution of a sequential pivotal quantity for θ in a TAR(1) model, we conduct an extensive numerical study that strongly suggests that the sequential confidence region has much better coverage probability than that of a fixed sample counterpart, regardless of whether the θ values are inside or on or near the boundary of the ergodic region of the series. These highlight the usefulness of sequential sampling methods in fitting linear and nonlinear time series models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We revisit an old Russian paper by V.V. Dynnik, R. Heinrich and E.E. Sel’kov (1980a,b) describing: “A mathematical model of carbohydrate energy metabolism. Interaction between glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the H-transporting shuttles at varying ATPases load”. We analyse the model mathematically and calculate the control coefficients as a function of ATPase loads. We also evaluate the structure of the metabolic network in terms of elementary flux modes. We show how this model can respond to an ATPase load as well as to the glucose supply. We also show how this simple model can help in understanding the articulation between the major blocks of energetic metabolism, i.e. glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the H-transporting shuttles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Statistic is one of the branches of Mathematics of great incidence in the present time; since it takes accentuated part in investigations and/or scientific methods by means of experimentation and observation. In several occasions, it is necessary to make a suitable use of the models and statistical methods for solution and interpretation of the problems that appear continuously in the field of investigations of Mechanical Engineering, in this manner is guaranteed the efficiency and trustworthiness in results, reason for which to obtain a preparation of the futures professional in this science is fundamental, and is responsibility of the Universities in different stages in the formation of the student. In this paper is shown fundamental aspects of the experience in education the Statistical in predegree and its extension to the education of postdegree in Mechanical Engineering, in this sense has been obtained, in first instance, to tie the subject with the profile of the mechanical engineer by means of the accomplishment by the students of extra classes duties in where they create problems of the specialty, in which it is necessary the use of these techniques, in order to stimulate the motivation in the field of studies and to develop the investigative spirit in the students. On the other hand, the use of professional software within the process of education makes agile the obtaining of results that later will be interpreted by the students, which makes possible a wide types of problems to approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents and investigates a modified version of the Weibull distribution that incorporates four parameters and can effectively represent a hazard rate function with a shape resembling a bathtub. Its significance in the fields of lifetime and reliability stems from its ability to model both increasing and decreasing failure rates. The proposed distribution encompasses several well-known models such as the Weibull, extreme value, exponentiated Weibull, generalized Rayleigh, and modified Weibull distributions. The paper derives key mathematical statistics of the proposed distribution, including the quantile function, moments, moment-generating function, and order statistics density. Various mathematical properties of the proposed model are established, and the unknown parameters of the distribution are estimated using different estimation techniques. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these estimators is assessed through numerical simulation studies. Finally, the paper applies the new model and compares it with various existing distributions by analyzing two real-life time data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work by Volz (J Math Biol 56:293-310, 2008) has shown how to calculate the growth and eventual decay of an SIR epidemic on a static random network, assuming infection and recovery each happen at constant rates. This calculation allows us to account for effects due to heterogeneity and finiteness of degree that are neglected in the standard mass-action SIR equations. In this note we offer an alternate derivation which arrives at a simpler-though equivalent-system of governing equations to that of Volz. This new derivation is more closely connected to the underlying physical processes, and the resulting equations are of comparable complexity to the mass-action SIR equations. We further show that earlier derivations of the final size of epidemics on networks can be reproduced using the same approach, thereby providing a common framework for calculating both the dynamics and the final size of an epidemic spreading on a random network. Under appropriate assumptions these equations reduce to the standard SIR equations, and we are able to estimate the magnitude of the error introduced by assuming the SIR equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this note, we improve some results of Granville and Soundararajan on the distribution of values of the truncated random Euler product , where the are independent random variables, taking the values ±1 with equal probability and 0 with probability . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The two main parameters of grouting volume and grouting pressure are the keys to ensuring the quality of postgrouting. However, there is no equation for predicting the main grouting parameters of long and large-diameter postgrouting drilled shafts. In this paper, field data of 708 shafts in 128 projects were systematically investigated utilizing mathematical statistics, and equations for predicting the grouting volume and grouting termination pressure of long and large-diameter drilled shafts suitable for various soil layers were proposed. The range of coefficients of the grouting volume classified by soil types was defined. When establishing the equation for predicting the grouting termination pressure for a long drilled shaft, the influences of the cement grout weight in the grout pipe and the height difference between the pressure sensor and the grout valve on the grouting pressure were considered. Taking the grouting pressure and grouting volume as the control conditions of postgrouting operation, the criteria conditions for terminating postgrouting were proposed.The proposed equations for predicting the grouting volume and grouting termination pressure were verified based on a project case study. The factors affecting the grouting termination pressure were analyzed in detail. These research results were of great significance to the design of postgrouting drilled shafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the hypothesis testing of correlation between two m-uniform hypergraphs on n unlabelled nodes. Under the null hypothesis, the hypergraphs are independent, while under the alternative hypothesis, the hyperdges have the same marginal distributions as in the null hypothesis but are correlated after some unknown node permutation. We focus on two scenarios: the hypergraphs are generated from the Gaussian-Wigner model and the dense Erdös-Rényi model. We derive the sharp information-theoretic testing threshold. Above the threshold, there exists a powerful test to distinguish the alternative hypothesis from the null hypothesis. Below the threshold, the alternative hypothesis and the null hypothesis are not distinguishable. The threshold involves m and decreases as m gets larger. This indicates testing correlation of hypergraphs (m = 3) becomes easier than testing correlation of graphs (m = 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about the submission guidelines for the Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, emphasizing the importance of original, high-quality research papers in various areas of pure mathematics. Topic include It provides detailed instructions on manuscript preparation, including formatting, abstract, keywords, references, and graphics, along with copyright information for authors and organizations interested in reproducing the content.

The performance-related pay system in colleges and universities is one of the hot spots in the reform of the wage system in colleges and universities in recent years. It is an important measure to improve the quality of education and teaching in colleges and universities and the construction of talent teams. However, there are many problems in the performance-related pay system of colleges and universities, such as unreasonable evaluation indicators, unfair weight distribution, etc., which makes it difficult to accurately reflect the work performance of teachers and staff in the measurement of performance-related pay. Based on this background and trend, this paper conducted an in-depth discussion on the salary system in China's colleges and universities, and used the support vector regression algorithm to study the performance-based salary management of colleges and universities based on linear programming and mathematical statistics. The research showed that with other conditions remaining unchanged, the proportions of primary, intermediate, deputy and senior high school students who were dissatisfied with the system of performance-based pay in colleges and universities were 82%, 57%, 46%, and 9%, respectively. After applying linear programming and mathematical statistics, the proportions of elementary, intermediate, sub-high and ortho-high became 1%, 2%, 5% and 7% respectively. The decline of the first three was particularly obvious, and the teachers with positive high school also dropped by 2%, indicating that linear programming and mathematical statistics were beneficial to the management of performance wages in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The determination of plotting positions on probability graph paper so that the associated weighted least squares estimators of the scale parameter and the percentiles of a continuous distribution have certain properties is discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for an invariant optimal plot for percentile estimation. Also discussed is the derivation of ordered plotting positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2022 International Symposium on Nonparametric Statistics was held in Paphos, Cyprus and co-sponsored by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and the Bernoulli Society of Mathematical Statistics and Probability. The symposium brought together researchers from around the world to discuss recent advances and trends in nonparametric statistics. The conference covered a wide range of topics, including nonparametric estimation, hypothesis testing, adaptive inference, high-dimensional statistical inference, and more. The special issue of the Journal of Nonparametric Statistics contains papers that have undergone a peer review process and cover diverse areas of nonparametric statistics. [Extracted from the article]

In recent years, deep learning has seen remarkable progress in many fields, especially with many excellent pre-training models emerged in Natural Language Processing(NLP). However, these pre-training models can not be used directly in music generation tasks due to the different representations between music symbols and text. Compared with the traditional presentation method of music melody that only includes the pitch relationship between single notes, the text-like representation method proposed in this paper contains more melody information, including pitch, rhythm and pauses, which expresses the melody in a form similar to text and makes it possible to use existing pre-training models in symbolic melody generation. In this paper, based on the generative pre-training-2(GPT-2) text generation model and transfer learning we propose MT-GPT-2(music textual GPT-2) model that is used in music melody generation. Then, a symbolic music evaluation method(MEM) is proposed through the combination of mathematical statistics, music theory knowledge and signal processing methods, which is more objective than the manual evaluation method. Based on this evaluation method and music theories, the music generation model in this paper are compared with other models (such as long short-term memory (LSTM) model,Leak-GAN model and Music SketchNet). The results show that the melody generated by the proposed model is closer to real music. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a need to detect and prevent fluid overload and malnutrition in heart failure. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis are medical instruments that can advance heart failure management by generating values of body composition and body water, assisting clinicians to detect fluid and nutritional status. However, there is a lack of evidence to summarise how they have been used among heart failure patients. Method: A systematic search was conducted. Result: Two hundred and four papers were screened. Forty-eight papers were reviewed, and 46 papers were included in this review. The literature shows that bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis were mostly used to assess fluid and nutritional status, together with diagnostic and prognostic values. Contraindication of using BIA and implications for practice are also demonstrated. Conclusion: The findings suggest that bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is superior to bioelectrical impedance analysis when assessing hydration/nutritional status in heart failure. Assessing a patient using bioelectrical impedance analysis/bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, together with natriuretic peptide -heart failure biomarkers, increases the diagnostic accuracy of heart failure. Further studies are required to examine the cost effectiveness of using these instruments in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: International and national guidelines highlight the need for general practitioner involvement during and after active cancer treatment and throughout long-term follow-up care. This paper aimed to evaluate patients' acceptance of radiation oncology shared follow-up care using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two cancer care centres in the Illawarra Shoalhaven region of Australia. A sample of patients scheduled for a radiation oncology follow-up consultation in 2021 were sent a 32-point self-complete paper-based survey. Data were analysed using descriptive, parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis. This paper followed the Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS). Results: Of the 414 surveys returned (45% response rate), the acceptance for radiation oncology shared cancer follow-up care was high (80%). Patients treated with only radiotherapy were 1.7 times more likely to accept shared follow-up care than those treated with multiple modalities. Patients who preferred follow-up care for fewer than three years were 7.5 times more likely to accept shared care than those who preferred follow-up care for five years. Patients who travelled more than 20 minutes to their radiation oncologist or to the rural cancer centre were slightly more likely to accept shared care than those who travelled less than twenty minutes to the regional cancer centre. A high understanding of shared care (Intervention Coherence) and a positive feeling towards shared care (Affective Attitude) were significant predictive factors in accepting shared radiation oncology follow-up care. Conclusion: Health services need to ensure patient preferences are considered to provide patient-centred cancer follow-up care. Shared cancer follow-up care implementation should start with patients who prefer a shorter follow-up period and understand the benefits of shared care. However, patients' involvement needs to be considered alongside other clinical risk profiles and organisational factors. Future qualitative research using the TFA constructs is warranted to inform clinical practice change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Lindley distribution has been widely studied in statistical literature because it accommodates several interesting properties. In lifetime data analysis contexts, Lindley distribution gives a good description over exponential distribution. It has been used for analysing copious real data sets, specifically in applications of modeling stress-strength reliability. This paper proposes a new generalized two-parameter Lindley distribution and provides a comprehensive description of its statistical properties such as order statistics, limiting distributions of order statistics, Information theory measures, etc. METHODS: We study shapes of the probability density and hazard rate functions, quantiles, moments, moment generating function, order statistic, limiting distributions of order statistics, information theory measures, and autoregressive models are among the key characteristics and properties discussed. The two-parameter Lindley distribution is then subjected to statistical analysis. The paper uses methods of maximum likelihood to estimate the parameters of the proposed distribution. The usefulness of the proposed distribution for modeling data is illustrated using a real data set by comparison with other generalizations of the exponential and Lindley distributions and is depicted graphically. RESULTS/FINDINGS: This paper presents relevant characteristics of the proposed distribution and applications. Based on this study, we found that the proposed model can be used quite effectively to analyzing lifetime data. CONCLUSIONS: In this article, we proffered a new customized Lindley distribution. The proposed distribution enfolds exponential and Lindley distributions as sub-models. Some properties of this distribution such as quantile function, moments, moment generating function, distributions of order statistics, limiting distributions of order statistics, entropy, and autoregressive time series models are studied. This distribution is found to be the most appropriate model to fit the carbon fibers data compared to other models. Consequently, we propose the MOTL distribution for sketching inscrutable lifetime data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the flow pressure distribution on the blade airfoil of the tidal turbine is of great significance for optimising the energy harvesting performance of the blades. In this paper, a bidirectional type horizontal tidal turbine (BHTT) with special S-shaped blades is proposed, which have a larger pitch diameter ratio provide excellent performance at low oncoming flow velocity by the theoretical, numerical and experimental methods. First, it is verified that the energy harvesting efficiency is basically the same in the case of bidirectional flow, and the S-shaped blade is divided into multiple slice sections, which could quantify the energy harvesting performance of each area of the blade. Then, using the method of mathematical statistics to divide more areas, the probability density shows a skewed distribution. The results show that the energy harvesting performance is less affected by flow velocity fluctuation, and the energy harvesting efficiency could reach 0.25-0.55 when the tip speed ratio is in the range of 0.2-0.5. Furthermore, the slice section method is adopted to make the influence of axial thrust intuitive and clear to study the turbine energy harvesting performance and improve the harvesting efficiency, which could provide a reference for the engineering design of tidal turbines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public sports venues serve as a crucial material medium for human athletic activities. Research on their spatial distribution holds profound implications for optimizing spatial layout and promoting human sports endeavors. This paper takes interest points of sports venues in China as research samples, employing GIS spatial analysis tools, mathematical statistics, and Geo-detector as research methods. It systematically investigates the spatial distribution characteristics and causes of sports venues in China, aiming to provide insights and references for the optimization of spatial arrangement, sustainable development, and relevant policy formulation of sports venues in the country. The results indicate that: (1) In terms of overall distribution characteristics, sports venues in China present a multi-centric agglomeration in geographical space. (2) From a regional distribution perspective, the spatial layout of these venues reveals a pattern of "more in the south, less in the north," "dense in the southeast, sparse in the northwest," and a coastal strip distribution. (3) Regarding spatial correlation, the hot and cold spot partitions of sports venues largely align with the "Hu-Line", with their spatial distribution tending towards a positively correlated pattern of high–high clustering and low–low clustering. (4) There is evident heterogeneity in factors affecting sports venues' spatial distribution. The distribution results from the interactive coupling of multiple factors, where the interaction between any two factors offers stronger explanatory power for the spatial layout of the venues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Δ 1 (x ; φ) denote the error term in the classical Rankin-Selberg problem. In this paper, our main results are getting the k -th (3 ≤ k ≤ 5) power moments of Δ 1 (x ; φ) in short intervals and its asymptotic formula by using large value arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nancy Reid was born in September 1952 in Niagara Falls, Canada. She graduated from the University of Waterloo with a Bachelor in Mathematics and a Major in Statistics in 1974. She studied statistics at the University of British Columbia (UBC) where she obtained a Master's in Applied Mathematics in 1976, and at Stanford University where she graduated with a PhD in Statistics in 1979. After spending one year at Imperial College London visiting Sir David Cox, she joined UBC as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, and in 1986 she moved to the University of Toronto as a faculty member in the Department of Statistics (now Statistical Sciences) where she has been ever since including serving as Chair between 1997 and 2002. At the time of writing, Nancy has authored over 100 papers and 5 books, including seminal developments in conditional inference, higher‐order asymptotics, composite likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Her outstanding contributions to statistics have been recognized nationally and internationally with many awards, including the President's Award of the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS), the Gold Medal awarded by the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC), and being elected Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2017, the International Statistical Review published Nancy's conversation with Ana Maria Staicu [Staicu, A. M. (2017). Interview with Nancy Reid. International Statistical Review, 85(3), 381‐403.], which had a biographical emphasis. Since then, Nancy has continued to support the discipline of statistics in important ways, such as by serving as Director of the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI) (2015–2019) and Co‐chair of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics' Committee on Ethics (2018–2020). Her research activity continues to be celebrated with important awards such as Fellowship of the Royal Society of London (2018), the inaugural Hollander Distinguished Lectureship at Florida State University (2020), the Distinguished Achievement Award (and Lectureship) from COPSS (2022), and the Guy Medal in Gold from the Royal Statistical Society (2022). In May 2022, the Department of Statistical Sciences at the University of Toronto, in collaboration with CANSSI and the SSC, organized a one‐day conference, "Statistics at Its Best", in honour of Nancy's 70th birthday. This conversation took place in Toronto around the time of the event. Its focus is on Nancy's views on building a career in statistics, and the challenges and opportunities statisticians encounter within the rapidly evolving data science ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In low-voltage distribution systems, the load types are complex, so traditional detection methods cannot effectively identify series arc faults. To address this problem, this paper proposes an arc fault detection method based on multimodal feature fusion. Firstly, the different mode features of the current signal are extracted by mathematical statistics, Fourier transform, wavelet packet transform, and continuous wavelet transform. The different modal features include one-dimensional features, such as time-domain features, frequency-domain features, and wavelet packet energy features, and two-dimensional features of time-spectrum images. Secondly, the extracted features are preprocessed and prioritized for importance based on different machine learning algorithms to improve the feature data quality. The features of higher importance are input into an arc fault detection model. Finally, an arc fault detection model is constructed based on a one-dimensional convolutional network and a deep residual shrinkage network to achieve high accuracy. The proposed detection method has higher detection accuracy and better performance compared with the arc fault detection method based on single-mode features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of health belief model‐based short interviews on preventive behaviours for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Design and methods: A randomized pretest, posttest and follow‐up design was used. The study was conducted between June 2016 and June 2017 with an intervention (n = 41) and a control group (n = 41). The intervention group applied the Short Interviews Model for 12 weeks as a short interview programme that was created based on the health belief model. The study data were collected by the researcher using a descriptive information form, the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, the Osteoporosis Self‐efficacy Scale and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test. Results: In the posttest and follow‐up measurements, the mean scores of the intervention group on the total Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and its self‐efficacy and exercise sub‐dimensions and the total Osteoporosis Knowledge Test and its sub‐dimensions were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: The short interviews held in this study provided evidence to guide women and nurses in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is recommended that the prevention of osteoporosis should be integrated into women's health programmes at the primary health‐care level. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Osteoporosis is a critical public health problem that is common among women all over the world. It causes deaths, different disabilities and economic losses every year.Nurses can make important contributions to the prevention of osteoporosis through the health education that they will provide for women. What this paper adds? Sending short messages to women to protect them against the risks of osteoporosis, holding short interviews to improve bone health, sending motivating messages to their phones and teaching them appropriate exercises increased their health beliefs, self‐efficacy and knowledge in preventing osteoporosis. The implications of this paper: This article brings a new perspective that holding health belief model‐based short interviews with postmenopausal women is an effective method of preventing osteoporosis.It is recommended that nurses should conduct interventions to maintain and develop bone health by holding short interviews with women for whom they will provide health‐care services and by using social media tools (giving booklets and sending text messages and videos about strengthening bones via WhatsApp) in the provision of primary health‐care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many cities of the world, the problem of traffic congestion on the roads remains relevant and unresolved. It is especially noticeable at signal-controlled intersections, since traffic signalization is among the most important factors that reduce the maximum possible value of the traffic flow rate at the exit of a street intersection. Therefore, the development of a methodology aimed at reducing transport losses when pedestrians move through signal-controlled intersections is a joint task for the research and engineering community and municipalities. This paper is a continuation of a study wherein the results produced a mathematical model of the influence of lane occupancy and traffic signalization on the traffic flow rate. These results were then experimentally confirmed. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the practical application of the mathematical model thus obtained. Together with the obtained results of the previous study, as well as a systems approach, traffic flow theory, impulses, probabilities and mathematical statistics form the methodological basis of this work. This paper established possible areas for the practical application of the previously obtained mathematical model. To collect the initial experimental data, open-street video surveillance cameras were used as vehicle detectors, the image streams of which were processed in real time using neural network technologies. Based on the results of this work, a new method was developed that allows for the adjustment of the traffic signal cycle, considering the influence of lane occupancy. In addition, the technological, economic and environmental effects were calculated, which was achieved through the application of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to examine the frequency, reasons, correlates and predictors of missed nursing care in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive and cross‐sectional study sample consisted of 1310 nurses working in inpatient units of 10 public, university and private hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected using the Nursing Teamwork Survey‐Turkish and the MISSCARE Survey‐Turkish between February and June 2019. Descriptive analysis, parametric comparative analysis, correlational analysis and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: The total occurrence of missed nursing care was 2.93 (on a scale of 1.00–4.00), which differed across 21 nursing care elements. The most frequently missed care was turning patients every 2 hours. Multiple regression analysis determined that nurses' tenure in the profession, patient–nurse ratio, days absent in the last 3 months and nursing teamwork significantly affected missed nursing care. Nursing teamwork alone accounted for 23.6% of the variance in missed nursing care. Conclusions: The level of missed nursing care was found to be high, and labour resources issues were the most important reason. Nurse professionals should apply interventions to improve nurses' work environment factors such as patient–nurse ratio and nursing teamwork to reduce the incidence of missed nursing care. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Missed nursing care is a globally common patient safety issue that threatens quality nursing care.Although there are many studies from different countries in the international literature on missed nursing care, studies on this subject in Turkey have been limited. What this paper adds? Missed nursing care correlated with age, tenure in hospital, tenure in unit, weekly work hours, satisfied in current position, satisfaction with being a nurse, satisfaction with salary, technological, educational and career opportunities of the hospital, satisfaction with the level of teamwork in the unit, and satisfaction with support of first‐line nurse manager.Nurses' tenure in the profession, patient–nurse ratios, days absent in the last 3 months and nursing teamwork significantly affected missed nursing care. The implications of this paper: Strategies to improve nurses' work environment characteristics, especially teamwork, should be organized to prevent or reduce missed nursing care.Hospital administrators and nurse managers should address levels of missed nursing care through balancing patient–nurse ratios, providing adequate human and material resources, increasing technological, educational, and career opportunities of hospitals, meeting nurses' needs and providing support and performing activities to reduce absenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goaf formed by coal seam mining would dramatically reduce the strength and stiffness of the ground in and around the goaf, which is not conducive to tunnel excavation near the mined-out area. By establishing the Finite differential method and Discrete element method coupling numerical analysis method and conducting similar model test, the influence of dip angle, thickness and distance of coal seam goaf on the stability of unsupported tunnel excavation is studied. The results show that when the tunnel under the goaf is excavated, the circumferential stress increment increases first and then decreases along the radial direction of the tunnel, the radial stress increment gradually decreases to zero along the radial direction of the tunnel, the displacement is approximately distributed in a trough shape, and the maximum displacement is at the top of the tunnel. The area of the stress loosening zone (SLZ) is negatively correlated with the dip angle and the distance of the goaf, and positively correlated with the thickness. The SLZ near the goaf is larger, and the peak value of the asymmetry is about 1.35. When the thickness of the mined-out area is 1.8-2.1 m, the SLZ and displacement around the tunnel increase sharply and then become stable. When the dip angle of the mined-out area is greater than 30° or the distance exceeds 1.3 times tunnel diameter (D), the asymmetry converges. The research results of this paper are of great importance to the design and construction of tunnel support and the formulation of excavation schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine how watching lecture videos at 1× and 2× speeds affects memory retention in medical students. A posttest-only experimental design was utilized. The participants were 60 Year-1 and Year-2 medical students. The participants were assigned to one of two groups through stratified randomization: Group 1 would watch the video at 1× speed, and Group 2 at 2× speed. Their performance was assessed using a test comprising 20 multiple-choice questions. The test has been applied immediately after watching the video (Immediate test), and, again after one week (Delayed test). Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were performed. In the Immediate test, the mean score of the 1× speed group was 11.26 ± 4.06, while 2× speed group's mean score was 10.16 ± 2.46. The difference was not significant t(58) = 1.26, p >.05. In the Delayed test, the mean score of 1× speed group was 9.66 ± 3.94, while 2× speed group's mean score was 8.36 ± 2.80. The difference was not significant t(55) = 1.42, p >.05. Watching the video lecture at 2× speed did not impair memory retention in medical students. This may help students to save time in their dense curricula. Practice points Many medical students watch lecture videos at 2× (double) speed to save time. While this is a time-saver, the negative impact on their learning is unclear. This paper describes a randomized trial that measures the learning impact when medical students watch an instructional video at 2× speed and finds that there is no significant negative impact on their learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhythmic and stable operation of trolleybuses and autonomous trolleybuses or urban electric buses, depends to a large extent on the reliability of the equipment installed on the trolleybus. The actual operational reliability of trolleybus electrical equipment (EE) depends on its technical condition. Under the influence of external factors and specific operating modes, the technical condition of the equipment is continuously deteriorating, reliability indicators are decreasing, and the number of failures is increasing. Using the mathematical theory of reliability, probability theory and mathematical statistics, numerical methods of solving nonlinear and transcendental equations, this article defines the conditions of diagnostics depending on the intensity of failures and the given probability of failure-free operation of the equipment. Additionally, the inverse problem of determining the current reliability of electrical engineering systems depends on the terms of diagnostics and the intensity of failures being solved. As a result of the processing of statistical information on failures it is established that for the electrical equipment of a trolleybus, after a number of repair measures, the maximum density of failures occurs at a lower mileage, and the probability of failure-free operation can vary depending on the degree of wear of the equipment, i.e., on the number of previous failures. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed that the reliability of trolleybus electrical equipment changes according to the exponential law of distribution of a random variable. It has been established that the real averaged diagnostic terms regulated by instructions are not optimal in most cases and differ several times from those defined in this paper. The dependence of switching equipment run-in on time has been clarified, which served as a prerequisite for specifying the inter-repair period for various types of trolleybus electrical equipment. A method of adjustment of the inter-repair time for the electrical equipment of trolleybuses is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the performance factors in completing a training course in European funds by sports managers. Starting from the idea according to which there are features that guide sports specialists towards this area of specialisation, the study highlights that, within the occupational profile, some of these features can be enhanced through a systematic, coherent and consistent intervention in the field of writing European-funded projects. The research methods used in this paper were the following: experiment, testing and mathematical statistics. The study was conducted with a group of 46 people from sports structures in Romania, who attended a training course in European funds for sport, which lasted two months and covered approximately 40 hours in total. The course was designed from the perspective of the Eurodesign theory. The conclusions of the study emphasise that the profile of a highly-effective participant in the training course generally contains elements similar to those of a manager’s profile, but also a number of specific elements. On the other hand, some features considered by us as prerequisites can form the basis for the decision to specialise in this field, while other features, such as the knowledge and skills acquired during the training course, seem to have been decisive for the participants’ professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses different approaches to constructing approximate mathematical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on four articles on synthetic data published in the previous issue of the journal. These include a paper in which the idea is to produce tabulations from synthetic data to replace cells in tables from the original data as well as the use of Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS), another paper which is concerned with preserving marginal totals, and one on the computation of the probability of disclosure for individual observations.

In order to improve the effectiveness of signal processing, according to the actual needs of signal processing and the current problems in signal processing, this paper introduces an improved LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm to construct the signal processing algorithm. Moreover, this paper sets up the functional structure of this paper based on the neural network model structure, and builds an intelligent analysis system for signal processing tasks based on the LSTM recurrent neural network algorithm. In addition, this paper analyzes the system algorithm flow in detail, and combines experimental research to carry out the effectiveness of the system constructed in this paper, and conducts quantitative analysis from two aspects of signal threshold prediction and signal processing effect. Finally, this paper conducts experimental results research with the support of mathematical statistics methods. From the research point of view, it can be known that the system constructed in this paper has good signal processing functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weak laws of large numbers are extremely intuitive and applicable results in various fields of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Compound random sums are extensions of classical random sums where the random number of summands is a partial sum of independent and identically distributed positive integer-valued random variables, assuming independence of summands. In this paper, a weak laws of large numbers for normalized compound random sums of independent (not necessarily identically distributed) random variables is studied and the convergence rates in types of "Small-o" and "Large- O " error estimates are established, using Trotter's distance approach. The obtained results in this paper are extensions and generalizations of the known classical ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]