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This paper analyzes the manner in which ethnicity has affected the course of American and Canadian party politics. Specifically, the paper tries to demonstrate that although the social processes involved in the migration of large numbers of ethnics have been relatively similar in both societies, the manner in which the social reality of ethnicity has affected the political structures therein has been quite different. Thus, although successive immigrant groups became the chief political resource of the great American urban party machines, they were able to use the existing political structures for their own purposes. Ethnic groups have derived psychological and more tangible benefits, such as public and party office positions, and have strongly affected the foreign and domestic policy positions of the two major parties. In contrast, Canadian party leaden historically have been able to exploit ethnic cleavages, but rarely have had to play the game of ethnic politics in the maimer of their American counterparts. In fact, ethnicity continues to strongly affect American political structures even as it moves into the realm of an index of more important social facts, while Canadian political structures have remained relatively impervious to ethnic groups despite the fact that ethnicity continues to be a factor of major importance in Canadian social organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Policy Statements approved by the Delegate Assembly in the U.S. The Organization and Administration for Special Education policy statement is prepared by the CEC Policies Commission and is originally derived from a paper by Ernest Willenberg. Such statements suggest some of the major principles on which a special education administrative organization should be based. Special education shares with regular education the basic responsibility of public educational systems to fulfill their right to education for every child.

The article focuses on the proposed policy statements by the Council for Exceptional Children on the organization and administration of special education in the U.S. It informs that the statements were developed from a paper by Ernest Willenberg, in collaboration with Evelyn Deno, Paul Voelker, Paul Mckinnon and Willard Abraham. The statements were first published in the February 1971 issue of "Exceptional Children." The article outlines the major policies on which a special education administrative organization should be based.

This paper reviews several programs for children with special needs, from historical perspectives, current involvements, and one particular orientation, called the ‘child development model.’ With respect to programs based on the child development model, it is recommended that each state consider planning toward the eventual organization of a child development agency, responsible for all children with special needs, irrespective of their characteristics, educational attainments, and prognoses. Further, it is recommended that, to the degree programs encourage and support the maintenance of children in community environments, they should be rewarded in both specific and general ways; and for purposes of better guaranteeing human rights and due process, citizen advisory and other advocacy groups should be organized throughout a state and given such support as would be needed to make these groups active and responsive grass roots partners in policy and decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the text of the position paper entitled "Basic Commitments and Responsibilities to Exceptional Children," a statement prepared by the Council for Exceptional Children Policies Commission and approved by the 1971 Delegate Assembly in the U.S. The contents of the statement include: the goal and commitment of special education; implementation of universal education; special education within the schools; the school and the family; the responsibility of higher education; and the levels of government responsibility for the support of special education.

The article presents a bibliography of publications on early childhood education in the U.S. including a collection of papers entitled "AAIB National Conference on Preschool Services for Visually Handicapped Children and Their Families," "Language and Learning Disorders of Pre-Academic Child: With Curriculum Guide," by Tina E. Bangs, "Temporal Learning: Dimensions in Early Learning Series," by Barbara D. Bateman, "An Outline of Piaget's Developmental Psychology for Students and Teachers," by Ruth M. Beard and "How to Raise a Brighter Child: The Case for Early Learning," by Joan Beck.

The passage of legislation concerning the development of adequate educational programs for the gifted and handicapped children has been supported by The Council for Exceptional Children acting in unison with various organizations. This paper presents (a) a brief review of CEC's past efforts to improve federal legislative provisions; (b) organizational policy statements that were adopted in order to increase CEC's effectiveness as an instrument for the encouragement of legislation for handicapped children; and (c) a look into the future of special education based on current trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a description and analysis of the five titles of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (FL 89-10). Examples which demonstrate how this law can be adopted for handicapped children are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the advances made through congressional legislation and attempts to provide insight into federal activities that concern all handicapped children and youth. Four people-oriented federal activities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the third annual Student Literary Award competition in the U.S. The award was sponsored by the Council for Exceptional Children Division for Children with Communication Disorders. It is open to undergraduate and graduate students majoring in audiology education of the learning impaired, psychology, speech pathology, or special education. The participants must prepare a paper which is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, education, and/or treatment of communications disorders in children. It will be evaluated on the basis of accuracy, use of relevant references, significance of content, originality, clarity, and organization. The paper may be of a review, discussion, or research report format. The entries must not exceed 3,000 words. There will be three copies to be submitted, it must be type written, double spaces on eight and one-half by eleven inches of paper. The first place winner will receive 50 dollars and second place winner will receive 25 dollars.

The article reports that the board of governors of the Council for Exceptional Children has authorized the establishment of (1) a policy commission, (2) a standing committee on professional standards and (3) an ad hoc study committee on professional membership requirements. The policy commission would be charged with developing basic papers on selected topics regarding basic papers on selected topics regarding policy positions in situations concerned with the education of exceptional children. The commission would report to the executive committee and boards of directors, and policy statements developed would come before the delegate assembly for adoption. The continuing committee on professional standards is established to (1) consider possible revisions and refinements of the professional standards report adopted by the delegate assembly in Toronto and (2) explore a possible means of implementation of the report.

Two recent amendments to The National Defense Education Act of 1958 enlarged its scope to include the education of exceptional children. The new Title XI allows colleges and universities to plan institutes in critical subjects for teachers of exceptional children. The amended Title ill provides for instructional materials to be used for all school children, including the exceptional. This paper briefly presents the Titles' provisions and indicates those who would be eligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the Division of Handicapped Children and Youth in the Office of Education has received a Presidential Citation in recognition of its outstanding contribution to greater economy and improvement in government operations in the U.S. The division's nomination for the award has been due to its cooperative effort in developing policies and procedures, inviting other organizations to participate in its program, processing of demonstration papers and proposals, and conducting site visits on research projects.

The article provides information about the First Annual Student Literary Award, sponsored by the Division for Children with Communication Disorder of the Council of Exceptional Children in the U.S. This award is open to students majoring in the fields of special education, speech, hearing and psychology. Possible contestants must prepare a paper about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of communication disorders. The manuscripts should not to exceed 3000 words, double spaced, must be submitted. Entries must be submitted to Lyle L. Lloyd, chairman of the Student Literary Award Committee of the Council of Exceptional Children.