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• New hydroxylammonium - based ILs. • Structure confirmed by FTIR and 1D NMR spectroscopy. • Correlation between chemical structure and ion conductivity. In the research work, new protic ionic liquids (Pr - ILs) were synthesized by an acid - base neutralization reaction. The influence of IL chemical structure (i.e. anion and cation nature) on the thermal behavior, viscosity and ionic conductivity was evaluated. To confirm the chemical structure of synthesized Pr - ILs, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 19F) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses were performed. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the influence of anion nature on the IL thermal stability was more pronounced than that of cation. The ionic liquids with trifluoromethanesulfonate anion showed the highest thermal stability (T deg ∼ 410–420 °C) as compared with other studied anions (i.e. phosphate and acetate anions). The trifluoromethanesulfonate - based Pr - ILs also demonstrated high ionic conductivity – between ∼58 and ∼64 mS·cm−1 at 150 °C and non - humid conditions. Despite the fact that phosphate - based Pr - ILs were more thermally stable (T deg ∼ 250–280 °C) than acetate - based ones (T deg ∼ 215 °C), acetate - based Pr - ILs revealed a higher ionic conductivity (∼15–19 mS·cm−1 at 80 °C) than phosphate - based Pr - ILs (∼0.2–1 and ∼0.4–2 mS·cm−1 at 80 and 120 °C, respectively). The obtained results confirm that the synthesized Pr - ILs are promising candidates for using them in electrochemical applications, namely, electrodialysis and fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a groundbreaking approach to demand response management, aiming to empower consumers through innovative strategies. The key contribution is the concept of "acquiring flexibility rights", wherein consumers engage with power aggregators to curtail energy usage during peak-load periods, receiving incentives in return. A flexibility right coefficient is introduced, allowing consumers to tailor their participation in demand response programs, ensuring their well-being. Additionally, a lighting intensity control system is developed to enhance residential lighting network efficiency. The study demonstrates that high-energy consumers, adopting a satisfaction factor of 10, can achieve over 61% in electricity cost savings by combining the lighting control system and active participation in demand response programs. This not only reduces expenses but also generates income through the sale of flexibility rights. Conversely, low-energy consumers can fully offset their expenses and accumulate over USD 33 in earnings through the installation of solar panels. This paper formulates an optimization problem considering flexibility rights, lighting control, and time-of-use tariff rates. An algorithm is proposed for a distributed solution, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted for evaluation. The proposed method showcases significant benefits, including cost savings and income generation for consumers, while contributing to grid stability and reduced blackout occurrences. Real data from a residential district in Tehran validates the method's effectiveness. This study concludes that this approach holds promise for demand response management in smart grids, emphasizing the importance of consumer empowerment and sustainable energy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the odds and associations of pregnancy outcomes with exposure to biopsy-confirmed celiac disease (CD) in Northeast Iran. Methods: In this regional retrospective cohort study, pregnancy records of all women with celiac disease who visited Celiac Disease Clinic of Imam-Reza Hospital from 2017 to 2023 (exposed group) and a sample of women without CD (unexposed group) were extracted using the Electronic Health Record of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences called "Sina". The unexposed group was randomly selected of the database and matched to exposed group on age, location of residence, socioeconomic factors. Our exclusion criteria included age ≥ 45, presence of concomitant disorders, history of non-obstetric uterine surgery, induction of pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology, and any concurrently ongoing pregnancy at the time of study. Pregnancy outcomes evaluated in this study included normal delivery, miscarriage, preterm labor, preeclampsia, and stillbirth. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression adjusted for confounders. Results: Ninety pregnancy records of women with CD and 270 pregnancies of women without CD were included in this study. Low neonatal birthweight (i.e. under 2500 g) had no significant association with CD (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92–1.06), as well as postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.91–1.38), fetal anomaly (aOR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.69–1.15), miscarriage (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.91–1.10), ectopic pregnancy (aOR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.73–1.20), preterm labor (aOR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.92–1.10), gestational diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.98–1.16), gestational hypertension (aOR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.89–1.11), and gestation hypothyroidism (aOR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.82–1.11). However, we found significantly lower odds of preeclampsia in pregnancies affected by CD (aOR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.69–0.99). Conclusion: Celiac disease was not associated with increased odds of low neonatal birthweight, postpartum hemorrhage, fetal anomaly, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and gestational hypothyroidism. Preeclampsia had significantly lower odds in pregnancies affected with CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]