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To address the low accuracy and stability when applying classical control theory in distribution networks with distributed generation, a control method involving flexible multistate switches (FMSs) is proposed in this study. This approach is based on an improved double-loop recursive fuzzy neural network (DRFNN) sliding mode, which is intended to stably achieve multiterminal power interaction and adaptive arc suppression for single-phase ground faults. First, an improved DRFNN sliding mode control (SMC) method is proposed to overcome the chattering and transient overshoot inherent in the classical SMC and reduce the reliance on a precise mathematical model of the control system. To improve the robustness of the system, an adaptive parameter-adjustment strategy for the DRFNN is designed, where its dynamic mapping capabilities are leveraged to improve the transient compensation control. Additionally, a quasi-continuous secondorder sliding mode controller with a calculus-driven sliding mode surface is developed to improve the current monitoring accuracy and enhance the system stability. The stability of the proposed method and the convergence of the network parameters are verified using the Lyapunov theorem. A simulation model of the three-port FMS with its control system is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation result confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on a comparative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to study the role and mechanism of SIRT5 regulation of ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats was prepared using the method of thread occlusion. The ferroptosis inhibitor was injected intraperitoneally while the SIRT5 interfering lentivirus were injected into the brain, and neurological disorders were scored in the rats. TTC staining was used to detect infarct volume, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of SIRT5 in tissues. Rat hippocampal neuronal cells H19-7 were transduced with SIRT5 interfering lentivirus and ferroptosis was induced using erastin. The CCK8 detection kit was used to detect cell viability. Commercial kits were used to detect levels of iron ions, ROS, MDA, SOD, and inflammatory factor (TNF-α and IL-6) in brain tissue or cell supernatant. Western blot was used to detect the expression changes of ferroptosis related proteins GPX4, Nrf2, and HO-1 in tissues or cells. Compared with the sham group, the MCAO model group showed higher levels of neurological impairment score, increased cerebral infarction volume, iron ions, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress levels in rats. Compared with the MCAO group, the MCAO + fer-1 group exhibited lower levels of neurological impairment scores, cerebral infarction volume, decreased iron ions, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress levels in rats. Meanwhile, compared with the MCAO + DMSO/LV-shRNA group, the MCAO + fer-1/LV-shSIRT5 group showed a significant decrease in neurological impairment scores, cerebral infarction volume, iron ions, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress levels in rats. In vitro experiments have found that LV-shSIRT5 can prevent erastin-induced cell ferroptosis. In summary, SIRT5 regulates ferroptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis to participate in ischemia-reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may experience pessimism, and even despair, due to longterm nature of the condition, which increases the risk of depression. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) can relieve depression. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effects of MBSR on mental health and quality of life in CKD patients with mild-to-moderate depression, so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing programs. Methods: The clinical data of 100 CKD patients with mild-to-moderate depression who were treated in Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences from January 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on nursing method received, the patients were divided into the conventional group (conventional management) and the MBSR group (MBSR therapy was implemented in addition to conventional management). After matching, there were 35 cases in each group. The scores for the self-rating depression scale (SDS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC), Five-factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were compared between the two groups. Results: After management, the SDS and PSQI scores of the MBSR group were lower than those of the conventional group, and the CD-RISC, FFMQ and SF-36 scores were higher than those of the conventional group (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBSR can improve the mental health, sleep quality, and quality of life of CKD patients with mild-to-moderate depression, and improve psychological resilience and mindfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the comparative effects of nonpharmacological therapies for managing global, attention, memory, and execution cognitive functions in stroke patients. Design: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PEDro, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of nonpharmacological therapies for treating stroke cognitive dysfunctions. We performed a network meta-analysis to estimate the mean treatment effect of 95% credible interval. Results: Seventy-three randomized controlled trials were included in the network meta-analysis for evidence syntheses. All therapies had significant effects than control on global cognition in stroke patients. Combined therapy was superior to other therapies for global cognition of all patients (vs. cognitive task therapy: 0.71, 95% credible interval = 0.14 to 1.29; vs. exercise: 0.88, 95% credible interval = 0.31 to 1.45, vs. physical modality therapy: 0.77, 95% credible interval = 0.16 to 1.40). Different therapies have effects on specific cognitive domains in stroke patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that nonpharmacological therapies are effective in improving global cognitive function in stroke patients, with cognitive task therapy, exercise therapy, physical modality therapy, and combined therapy being viable options (most optimal approach: combined therapy). Precise selection of therapies based on the time since stroke onset and specific cognitive domains can further enhance treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although empathy for pain plays an important role in positive interpersonal relationships and encourages engagement in prosocial behavior, it remains largely unknown whether empathy for pain could be effectively altered by psychophysiological techniques. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a single session of diaphragmatic breathing practice on empathy for pain and examine the potential mechanism involving interoceptive awareness. A total of 66 healthy participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a 15‐minute diaphragmatic breathing (DB) practice with real‐time biofeedback, while the control group was to gaze at a black screen at rest and not engaged in any other activities. Before and after the invention, all participants were instructed to evaluate the intensity and unpleasantness of empathy for pain while watching different pictures with pain or non‐pain conditions. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was then administered to measure interoceptive awareness. The results indicated a significant interaction between group and time with regard to empathy for pain and MAIA. The DB group showed a statistically significant decrease in both pain intensity and unpleasantness during the pain picture condition, as well as a noteworthy increase in MAIA scores. The control group did not demonstrate any substantial changes. More importantly, the regulation of attention, a dimension of MAIA, had a significant mediating effect on the impact of diaphragmatic breathing on reported unpleasantness. Diaphragmatic breathing could serve as a simple, convenient, and practical strategy to optimize human empathy for pain that warrants further investigation, which has important implications not only for individuals with impaired empathy for pain but also for the improvement of interoceptive awareness. This is the first RCT study to adopt a single session of intervention to influence empathy for pain by using an experimental evaluation paradigm. The results showed that 15‐minute diaphragmatic breathing significantly decreased pain intensity and unpleasantness caused by empathy for pain, and interoceptive awareness mediated the effect of diaphragmatic breathing on the unpleasantness level of empathy for pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous nanorobots represent an advanced tool for precision therapy to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, current nanorobotic designs primarily rely on inorganic materials with compromised biocompatibility and limited biological functions. Here, we introduce enzyme-powered bacterial outer membrane vesicle (OMV) nanorobots. The immobilized urease on the OMV membrane catalyzes the decomposition of bioavailable urea, generating effective propulsion for nanorobots. This OMV nanorobot preserves the unique features of OMVs, including intrinsic biocompatibility, immunogenicity, versatile surface bioengineering for desired biofunctionalities, capability of cargo loading and protection. We present OMV-based nanorobots designed for effective tumor therapy by leveraging the membrane properties of OMVs. These involve surface bioengineering of robotic body with cell-penetrating peptide for tumor targeting and penetration, which is further enhanced by active propulsion of nanorobots. Additionally, OMV nanorobots can effectively safeguard the loaded gene silencing tool, small interfering RNA (siRNA), from enzymatic degradation. Through systematic in vitro and in vivo studies using a rodent model, we demonstrate that these OMV nanorobots substantially enhanced siRNA delivery and immune stimulation, resulting in the utmost effectiveness in tumor suppression when juxtaposed with static groups, particularly evident in the orthotopic bladder tumor model. This OMV nanorobot opens an inspiring avenue to design advanced medical robots with expanded versatility and adaptability, broadening their operation scope in practical biomedical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fuzzy membership function has non-collapsability and can be used to characterize uncertainties that cannot be explored by sudden events. As the membership function does not satisfy the complementarity law, a single membership function cannot simultaneously characterize the positive and negative aspects of things. This article considers structured fuzzy data with negative uncertainty information, which is modeled using bipolar fuzzy graphs. On this basis, we consider the connectivity remainder of the model and obtain the corresponding theoretical results. In addition, we have discussed some related fractional factor issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated herein an electrochemical dearomatizative alkylation of Katritzky salts, wherein Katritzky salts were harnessed as both radical acceptors and donors. A wide range of privileged dihydropyridine scaffolds was constructed with good to excellent yields. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results confirmed the key intermediates-dihydropyridine radicals and gram-scale reaction highlighted the practical and sustainable feature of the newly developed protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In graph-based modelled networks, connectivity and toughness are two types of parameters to measure the robustness of graphs (corresponding networks), and recent studies have shown that these variables are explicitly associated with the existence of H-factors in specific settings, where the latter is inner connected to the feasibility of data transmission in networks. However, the previous contributions presented in the form of several surfaces of connectivity and toughness (isolated toughness or sun toughness) lead to a "choice dilemma" for decision-makers in the network designing stage. In this work, to overcome this problem, we propose a new approach in terms of knee point identification to determine the best combination of connectivity and toughness related parameters. The family of knee points on curves are implemented which vary with respect to m or k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) constitute a risk factor for impairments in the mother–child relationship. One mechanism underlying this intergenerational transmission may be maternal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation. Yet, few studies have examined different maltreatment subtypes, including emotional neglect, considered concurrent depressive symptoms, and used long-term integrated glucocorticoid measures. Objective: This study aimed to investigate associations between maternal CM history, postpartum glucocorticoids in hair, and mother–child bonding. In exploratory analyses, we tested whether specific subtypes of CM had differential implications for glucocorticoid secretion and bonding. Methods: During pregnancy, N = 269 mothers from the prospective cohort study DREAMHAIR provided retrospective information on CM and current information regarding psychological and hair-related variables. Hair samples were collected 8 weeks after delivery for quantification of maternal long-term hair cortisol and cortisone concentrations in 2-cm scalp-near hair samples. Mother–child bonding was measured 8 weeks and 14 months after birth using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. Results: While bivariate correlations revealed significant associations of CM with bonding and hair cortisol, regression findings showed CM was associated with impaired bonding 8 weeks (overall CM trend-level; emotional neglect p = .038) and 14 months (emotional neglect trend level p = .041) after birth, however not after controlling for depressive symptoms at the time point of the outcome. In regression analyses, CM was not associated with maternal hair glucocorticoids 8 weeks postpartum. Maternal hair glucocorticoid concentrations were not related to mother–child bonding and did not mediate associations between CM and mother–child bonding. Conclusion: Data tentatively suggest that mothers with CM experiences, in particular emotional neglect, may be at risk for suboptimal bonding to their child, however current depressive symptoms seem to be more important. Our data provide no evidence for a crucial role of glucocorticoid secretion, yet aetiological processes of long-term glucocorticoid secretion and bonding are complex and more severely affected samples should be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramics are highly valued for their exceptional thermal resistance and ability to withstand high temperatures. This study investigated the production of ceramic-like pressed geopolymer, focusing on the effects of aging period and sintering temperature. The results showed that the 7-day pressed geopolymer achieved the highest compressive (134.7 MPa) and flexural (34.9 MPa) strengths after sintering at 1000°C, with a density retention of 93.7 %, a mass loss of 7.9 %, and a thermal shrinkage of 1.4 %. Microstructural analysis at 1000°C showed a dense ceramic-like structure with nepheline formation. Phase analysis of the 7-day pressed geopolymer revealed a decrease in the amorphous phase as temperature increased, with nepheline formed at 800°C (26.0 %) and maximized at 1000°C (61.0 %). This work offers an optimal aging period and sintering temperature to maximize the mechanical strength and nepheline crystal formation, making them perfect for fire-resistant panels and precast construction products. • Pressed geopolymer was formed at various aging times and sintering temperatures. • The highest mechanical strength was achieved by the 7d pressed geopolymer at 1000°C. • The residual compressive strength at 1000°C ascends in 28d < 7d < 1d. • Gel matrix transformed into a ceramic-like structure with rising temperature. • The 7d pressed geopolymer has the most nepheline phase formation at 1000°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]