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The current development model is structured around the intensive exploitation of natural resources, which implies the expansion of extractive activities as a source of capital accumulation. In this sense, and given the centrality of the environment-development binomial, the objective of this paper is to analyze the multiple dimensions (narrative, symbolic, cultural, political, economic, territorial, etc.) involved in the extractivist model. The proposed methodology consists of compiling bibliographic sources and carrying out a referential sampling in order to give a schematic account of the main approaches, points in common and the different ways of approaching the problem from the social sciences, as well as their contributions and limitations. The main findings show the importance of respecting the peculiarities of the case studies and the relevance of researching alternative literatures that allow a better understanding of the phenomena under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]