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Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun (2021) philosophizes on how in the current technologically saturated culture, the gradual evolution of the empathetic humanoids has, on one hand, problematized our normative notions of cognitive and affective categories, and on the other, has triggered an order of emotional uncanniness due to our reliance on hyperreal real objects for receiving solace and companionship. The novel may be conceived to be a commentary on the emerging discourse in the domain of cognitive and emotional computing that aspires to transform the inner life and social relationships of the human community. The novelty of the paper lies in its ability to showcase how Kazuo Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun (2021) creates a rupture in the existing research and literary narrative by critiquing the theoretical underpinnings of emotional computing that optimistically foresees a future where simulated empathetic minds will be able to decode the complexities of the human emotions. It discusses how literature turns into an apt tool to reflect on the limitations of the programmed machines to decode the elusiveness of the human mind that defies the one-to-one correlation between words, multiple connotations, and their underlying emotions. Through the lenses of the fictional narrative, the paper foregrounds how the concept of the social robot designed to offer empathy, care, and companionship turns into a failed project. The paper draws on critical perspectives from disposability theory, posthuman affect, and immaterial bodies to foreground the noncodified feature of affective experientialities that emerge as a result of the interface between humans and nonanimate beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies report that the computation of scalar inferences, such as the inference from ‘some’ to ‘not all’, is cognitively costly. However, a number of studies on scalar inferences in L2 suggest the opposite conclusion, reporting that, even though processing L2-input is often thought to be cognitively demanding, people are at least as likely to compute scalar inferences in L2 as L1. Here, we propose that cognitive difficulties with computing scalar inferences in L2 may be masked by the use of experimental tasks that encourage participants to take their time to process target sentences. Thus, we found that, in a self-paced pen-and-paper experiment, participants did not significantly differ in the propensity with which they computed scalar inferences in L1 and L2. However, in a computerized experiment in which sentences were flashed on screen, low-proficiency L2 speakers were significantly less likely to compute scalar inferences in L2 than L1. These results underscore the importance of analyzing task demands in research on pragmatics and multilingualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of knowledge graph encompasses the representation, organization, retrieval, reasoning, and application of knowledge, providing a rich and robust cognitive foundation for artificial intelligence systems and applications. When we learn new things, find out that some old information was wrong, see changes and progress happening, and adopt new technology standards, we need to update knowledge graphs. However, in some environments, the initial knowledge cannot be known. For example, we cannot have access to the full code of a software, even if we purchased it. In such circumstances, is there a way to update a knowledge graph without prior knowledge? In this paper, We are investigating whether there is a method for this situation within the framework of Dalal revision operators. We first proved that finding the optimal solution in this environment is a strongly NP-complete problem. For this purpose, we proposed two algorithms: Flaccid_search and Tight_search, which have different conditions, and we have proved that both algorithms can find the desired results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ongoing integration of information technology and industrialization, strategic emerging industries are becoming an increasingly important force in guiding future economic and social development. As one of the strategic emerging industries' development priorities and a replacement for scarce labor resources, industrial robots will be widely used in labor-intensive industries. It is a contentious topic how to evaluate and improve robot knowledge education. There are modular features introduced in this paper, which builds a modular network for the evaluation of robot knowledge education quality and enhances the cognitive computing ability of artificial neural networks and their ability to process complex information. A modular neural network-based model of feature combination robot knowledge education quality evaluation is developed based on the three aspects of module division method, subnet structure selection, and feature combination output. The following are some of the paper's most important contributions: K-OD algorithm of density clustering optimized by K-means is proposed. Because of its high level of modularized partition simulating, this method has an excellent clustering effect, and it identifies the core points, boundary points, as well as outliers. Using K-OD algorithm, the calculation of density radius and threshold is optimized by using density clustering, which reduces the overall computational complexity. Find out how SOM neural networks learn from competition. SOM network's competition layer neuron weights are prone to falling into local optimal solutions, so an SASOM neural network with weight adjustment simulated by an annealing algorithm is proposed to address this issue. It is more accurate in terms of prediction and error, and it is better at identifying sample attribute features. This work builds a modular neural network for evaluating robot knowledge education quality using K-OD clustering algorithm and SASOM neural network, which introduces the simulated annealing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a brain signal with high spatial resolution, and visual cognitive processes and semantic information in the brain can be represented and obtained through fMRI. In this paper, we design single-graphic and matched/unmatched double-graphic visual stimulus experiments and collect 12 subjects' fMRI data to explore the brain's visual perception processes. In the double-graphic stimulus experiment, we focus on the high-level semantic information as "matching", and remove tail-to-tail conjunction by designing a model to screen the matching-related voxels. Then, we perform Bayesian causal learning between fMRI voxels based on the transfer entropy, establish a hierarchical Bayesian causal network (HBcausalNet) of the visual cortex, and use the model for visual stimulus image reconstruction. HBcausalNet achieves an average accuracy of 70.57% and 53.70% in single- and double-graphic stimulus image reconstruction tasks, respectively, higher than HcorrNet and HcasaulNet. The results show that the matching-related voxel screening and causality analysis method in this paper can extract the "matching" information in fMRI, obtain a direct causal relationship between matching information and fMRI, and explore the causal inference process in the brain. It suggests that our model can effectively extract high-level semantic information in brain signals and model effective connections and visual perception processes in the visual cortex of the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has made significant progress with the evolution of Contextualised Neural Language Models (CNLMs) and the emergence of large LMs. Traditional and static language models exhibit limitations in tasks demanding contextual comprehension due to their reliance on fixed representations. CNLMs such as BERT and Semantic Folding aim to produce feature-rich representations by considering a broader linguistic context. In this paper, Deep Learning-based Aspect Category Detection approaches are introduced to perform text classification. The study extensively assesses classification model performance, emphasising enhanced representativeness and optimised feature extraction resolution using CNLMs and their hybridised variants. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is evaluated on benchmark datasets of 4500 reviews from the laptop and restaurant domains. The results show that the proposed approaches using hybridised CNLMs outperform state-of-the-art methods with an f-score of 0.85 for the laptop and f-scores higher than 0.90 for the restaurant dataset. This study represents a pioneering work as one of the initial research efforts aiming to jointly evaluate the representation performance of CNLMs with different architectures to determine their classification capabilities. The findings indicate that the proposed approaches can enable the development of more effective classification models in various NLP tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research on possible scenarios of implementing AI in nanosatellite constellations. • Challenges, applications and possible strategies in Low Earth Orbits, Transfer Region and Lunar Orbits is discussed. • Several examples and major necessities have been included. • Figures portray severe issues to applications and strategic ways to adopt the AI in nanosat constraints is shown in detail. • The future prospects and ways to step-wise organize and implement AI is discussed. The small satellites have been changing the paradigm of space technology and implementation techniques ever since the NewSpace era has begun a stiff competition and dynamic atmosphere for innovation and recreation. Nanosatellites (ranging from 1 to 10 Kg) have been of significant importance since they have been launched and experimented in the past few decades. The constellations of these satellites will be a test of technology and management in due course of time. The complexity of operations and skilled functioning of the satellites in LEO and beyond is becoming crucial for the space industry and scientific communities. This paper will demonstrate the challenges, applications, and strategies to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) optimally to make these constellations efficient and productive under the given scenarios and constraints. A thorough investigation through literature study has been initially done to observe and monitor the recent developments and envision the futuristic implementation of cognitive computing in CisLunar space. Hence, a detailed description of strategizing this artificial intelligence implementation in three classified regions as Low Earth Orbits (LEO), Transfer Region (TR), and Lunar Orbits (LO) to emphasize their crucial role in operating nanosatellites is significantly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturers perpetually adapt their systems to meet unforeseen events, new objectives, competition, and improved understanding of processes. In that human-directed work, models mediate an enduring relationship between production resources and engineers. Accommodating new understanding in the models controlling production can lead to more effective manufacturing. That work has previously been the province of quality programs such as Six Sigma, but is now fertile ground to study human-computer interaction about that enduring relationship mediated by models. Can AI augment human capability in the arcane work of formulating and refining models? This question is relevant to complex system engineering generally, not just manufacturing. In answering this question, this paper adapts Klein's flexecution for use in adaptable manufacturing systems. Theory flexecution, the methodical refinement of models, points to human-computer interactions that emphasize the roles of models, explanation, and machine agents that recognize the engineer's goals. This perspective article illustrates these ideas with an example of formulating models for production scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series have yielded impressive results in numerical prediction, yet the presence of noise can significantly affect accuracy. Although interval prediction can minimize noise interference, most methods only predict upper and lower limits separately, resulting in uninterpretable predictions. In this paper, we propose a novel modeling approach for time-series interval prediction that integrates granular computing and fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs). Granular computing transforms traditional numerical time series into interval time series. Rather than predicting interval values independently, our method mines the fuzzy relationship between information granules to obtain the affiliation matrix. During the prediction stage, an FCM-based model is established to predict the affiliation matrix. We conducted experiments on six publicly available datasets, and results demonstrate that our method reduces the impact of noise while offering improved interpretability for prediction outcomes. More importantly, our approach yields significantly lower interval prediction errors when compared to other advanced methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence-driven object recognition, the development of cognitive tunable imaging sensors has become a critically important field. In this paper, we demonstrate an infrared (IR) sensor with spectral tunability controlled by the applied bias between the long-wave and mid-wave IR spectral regions. The sensor is a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) containing asymmetrically doped double QWs where the external electric field alters the electron population in the wells and hence spectral responsivity. The design rules are obtained by calculating the electronic transition energies for symmetric and antisymmetric double-QW states using a Schrödinger–Poisson solver. The sensor is grown and characterized aiming detection in mid-wave (~5 µm) to long-wave IR (~8 µm) spectral ranges. The structure is grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and contains 25 periods of coupled double GaAs QWs and Al0.38Ga0.62As barriers. One of the QWs in the pair is modulation-doped to provide asymmetry in potential. The QWIPs are tested with blackbody radiation and FTIR down to 77 K. As a result, the ratio of the responsivities of the two bands at about 5.5 and 8 µm is controlled over an order of magnitude demonstrating tunability between MWIR and LWIR spectral regions. Separate experiments using parameterized image transformations of wideband LWIR imagery are performed to lay the framework for utilizing tunable QWIP sensors in object recognition applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rapidly growing healthcare demand associated with global population aging has spurred the development of new digital tools for the assessment of cognitive performance in older adults. Objective: To develop a fully automated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessment model and validate the model's rating consistency. Methods: The Automated Assessment Model for MMSE (AAM-MMSE) was an about 10-min computerized cognitive screening tool containing the same questions as the traditional paper-based Chinese MMSE. The validity of the AAM-MMSE was assessed in term of the consistency between the AAM-MMSE rating and physician rating. Results: A total of 427 participants were recruited for this study. The average age of these participants was 60.6 years old (ranging from 19 to 104 years old). According to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the interrater reliability between physicians and the AAM-MMSE for the full MMSE scale AAM-MMSE was high [ICC (2,1)=0.952; with its 95% CI of (0.883,0.974)]. According to the weighted kappa coefficients results the interrater agreement level for audio-related items showed high, but for items "Reading and obey", "Three-stage command", and "Writing complete sentence" were slight to fair. The AAM-MMSE rating accuracy was 87%. A Bland-Altman plot showed that the bias between the two total scores was 1.48 points with the upper and lower limits of agreement equal to 6.23 points and −3.26 points. Conclusions: Our work offers a promising fully automated MMSE assessment system for cognitive screening with pretty good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socio-cognitive computing is a paradigm developed for the last several years in our research group. It consists of introducing mechanisms inspired by inter-individual learning and cognition into metaheuristics. Different versions of the paradigm have been successfully applied in hybridizing Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithms, Differential Evolution, and Evolutionary Multi-agent System (EMAS) metaheuristics. In this paper, we have followed our previous experiences in order to propose a novel mutation based on socio-cognitive mechanism and test it based on Evolution Strategy (ES). The newly constructed versions were applied to popular benchmarks and compared with their reference versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is a rapidly growing field with a wide range of applications. In this paper, a thorough examination of the research landscape in GAI is presented, encompassing a comprehensive overview of the prevailing themes and topics within the field. The study analyzes a corpus of 1319 records from Scopus spanning from 1985 to 2023 and comprises journal articles, books, book chapters, conference papers, and selected working papers. The analysis revealed seven distinct clusters of topics in GAI research: image processing and content analysis, content generation, emerging use cases, engineering, cognitive inference and planning, data privacy and security, and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) academic applications. The paper discusses the findings of the analysis and identifies some of the key challenges and opportunities in GAI research. The paper concludes by calling for further research in GAI, particularly in the areas of explainability, robustness, cross-modal and multi-modal generation, and interactive co-creation. The paper also highlights the importance of addressing the challenges of data privacy and security in GAI and responsible use of GAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept-cognitive learning (CCL), an emerging intelligence learning paradigm, has recently become a popular research subject in artificial intelligence and cognitive computing. A central notion of CCL is cognitive and learning things via concepts. In this process, concepts play a fundamental role when mining and fusing knowledge from data to wisdom. With the in-depth research and expansion of CCL in scopes, goals, and methodologies, some difficulties have gradually emerged, including some vague terminology, ambiguous views, and scattered research. Hence, a systematic and comprehensive review of the development process and advanced research about CCL is particularly necessary at the moment. This paper summarizes the theoretical significance, application value, and future development potential of CCL. More importantly, by synthesizing the reviewed related research, we can acquire some interesting results and answer three essential questions: (1) why examine a cognitive and learning framework based on concept? (2) what is the concept-cognitive learning? (3) how to make concept-cognitive learning? The findings of this work could act as a valuable guide for related studies in quest of a clear understanding of the closely related research issues around concept-cognitive learning. • It is the first paper that attempts to provide an in-depth analysis of the advancement of CCL. • It is a multi-view categorization of CCL in research scopes, goals, and methodologies. • It is an elucidation of the main research gaps and suggestions for the related study of CCL. • It acquires some interesting results by synthesizing the reviewed related research of CCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used in many application domains. However, they require a vast amount of computations and memory accesses to deliver outstanding accuracy. In this paper, we propose a scheme to predict whether the output of each ReLu activated neuron will be a zero or a positive number in order to skip the computation of those neurons that will likely output a zero. Our predictor, named Mixture-of-Rookies , combines two inexpensive components. The first one exploits the high linear correlation between binarized (1-bit) and full-precision (8-bit) dot products, whereas the second component clusters together neurons that tend to output zero at the same time. We propose a novel clustering scheme based on analysis of angles, as the sign of the dot product of two vectors depends on the cosine of the angle between them. We implement our hybrid zero output predictor on top of a state-of-the-art DNN accelerator. Experimental results show that our scheme introduces a small area overhead of 5.3% while achieving a speedup of 1.2x and reducing energy consumption by 16.5% on average for a set of diverse DNNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With mobile and embedded devices getting more integrated in our daily lives, the focus is increasingly shifting toward human-friendly interfaces, making automatic speech recognition (ASR) a central player as the ideal means of interaction with machines. ASR is essential for many cognitive computing applications, such as speech-based assistants, dictation systems and real-time language translation. Consequently, interest in speech technology has grown in the last few years, with more systems being proposed and higher accuracy levels being achieved, even surpassing human accuracy. However, highly accurate ASR systems are computationally expensive, requiring on the order of billions of arithmetic operations to decode each second of audio, which conflicts with a growing interest in deploying ASR on edge devices. On these devices, efficient hardware acceleration is key for achieving acceptable performance. In this paper, we propose a technique to improve the energy efficiency and performance of ASR systems, focusing on low-power hardware for edge devices. We focus on optimizing the DNN-based acoustic model evaluation, as we have observed it to be the main bottleneck in popular ASR systems, by leveraging run-time information from the beam search. By doing so, we reduce energy and execution time of the acoustic model evaluation by 25.6  and 25.9 %, respectively, with negligible accuracy loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical teaching techniques encompass a diverse range of approaches for students to grasp mathematical concepts. Currently, various mathematical teaching techniques exist, and it is crucial to extract personalized teaching techniques based on students' knowledge level. Cognitive Computing systems in the learning domain open a substantial range of possible alternatives, thereby helping both students and teachers. These systems enhance the human cognitive capabilities by developing cognitive assistant, which is a flexible and adaptive learning software and a continuous learning system. In this paper, a personalized cognitive layered framework is proposed to map the student's reasoning level with the mathematical teaching techniques. The analysis is done with real time data collected from the School for Grades 1 to 6 and mathematical teaching techniques extracted from mathematical research articles. The Hypothesis Evidence Extraction (HypoEE) algorithm is proposed to extract optimal teaching techniques. The proposed system follows the pipeline of cognitive computing processes such as extraction of factors of importance, knowledge assertion graph construction, node prioritization, correlation extraction, text summarization, hypothesis identification, evidence extraction and scoring, hypothesis refinement, inference and decision formulation. The system is evaluated using performance metrics and cognitive metrics. The validation is done by three mathematical subject experts. The results showcase a Confidence Weighted Score (CWS) of 0.96, an accuracy of 0.994, 0.92 precision, 0.88 recall, 0.89 F1 score, 0.83 specificity and cognitive metric scores indicating a taskability of 0.89, 0.86 knowledge capacity and 0.89 knowledge utilization. [Display omitted] • A personalized cognitive layered framework for deriving the most effective and personalized mathematical teaching strategy. • A cognitive system driven by evidence-based inference to personalize education. • A text summarization algorithm crafted to produce concise summaries from large volumes of text. • Application of the Hypothesis Evidence Extraction (HypoEE) algorithm to extract optimal mathematical teaching techniques based on individual reasoning levels. • Analyzing performance through expert assessments and cognitive evaluation metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical teaching techniques encompass a diverse range of approaches for students to grasp mathematical concepts. Currently, various mathematical teaching techniques exist, and it is crucial to extract personalized teaching techniques based on students' knowledge level. Cognitive Computing systems in the learning domain open a substantial range of possible alternatives, thereby helping both students and teachers. These systems enhance the human cognitive capabilities by developing cognitive assistant, which is a flexible and adaptive learning software and a continuous learning system. In this paper, a personalized cognitive layered framework is proposed to map the student's reasoning level with the mathematical teaching techniques. The analysis is done with real time data collected from the School for Grades 1 to 6 and mathematical teaching techniques extracted from mathematical research articles. The Hypothesis Evidence Extraction (HypoEE) algorithm is proposed to extract optimal teaching techniques. The proposed system follows the pipeline of cognitive computing processes such as extraction of factors of importance, knowledge assertion graph construction, node prioritization, correlation extraction, text summarization, hypothesis identification, evidence extraction and scoring, hypothesis refinement, inference and decision formulation. The system is evaluated using performance metrics and cognitive metrics. The validation is done by three mathematical subject experts. The results showcase a Confidence Weighted Score (CWS) of 0.96, an accuracy of 0.994, 0.92 precision, 0.88 recall, 0.89 F1 score, 0.83 specificity and cognitive metric scores indicating a taskability of 0.89, 0.86 knowledge capacity and 0.89 knowledge utilization. [Display omitted] • A personalized cognitive layered framework for deriving the most effective and personalized mathematical teaching strategy. • A cognitive system driven by evidence-based inference to personalize education. • A text summarization algorithm crafted to produce concise summaries from large volumes of text. • Application of the Hypothesis Evidence Extraction (HypoEE) algorithm to extract optimal mathematical teaching techniques based on individual reasoning levels. • Analyzing performance through expert assessments and cognitive evaluation metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent computing is an independent algorithm system that imitates the laws and principles of nature's biological chain to design and solve practical problems in modern society, it can help people better handle some big data problems through artificial intelligence technology and different cognitive characteristics. Especially, when dealing with group decision problems, it is often considered as human behavior based on cognitive computing. The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) is not only a generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), but also can deal with the decision problem of multi-source information in a wider area. In this paper, we first give the detailed explanations of the relationship between the q-ROFS and q-rung orthopair fuzzy number (q-ROFN)by an example, and itis pointed out that there are some defects in the existing two ranking methods for the Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) and intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) through counterexamples, and then all q-ROFNs are mapped into the unit triangle of the first quadrant through q-compression mapping, and the concept of distance factor for q-ROFNs is proposed by Euclidean distance between each q-ROFN and the maximum element (1,0).Secondly, a novel inverse score function for q-ROFNs are put forward by the distance factor and hesitancy degree, and the monotonicity of the inverse score function are discussed. Finally, a new ranking criterion of q-ROFNs is given by the new score formula, and then the rationality of the ranking criterion is proved, and through the method of solving the conditional extreme value of multivariate function (Lagrange multiplier method), there is indeed an extreme value point (corresponding to the maximum q-ROFN) on υ = μ. Besides, a q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision-making method for multi-source information is given by the new ranking criterion and aggregation operations, and the comparison of examples shows that the inverse score function and decision-making method do have many advantages in the q-ROFN environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]