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• A method of promoting the axial feature size of PPI-DLW is proposed. • A 3D hollow focus was generated using one beam without light field superposition. • Two-focus parallel scanning using 3D hollow focus was realized without hardware updating based on a classic method. • The isotropic 30 nm feature size was realized. • This work will improve the ability of PPI-DLW to fabricate arbitrary 3D structures. Peripheral-photoinhibition (PPI)-based direct laser writing (DLW) inspired by simulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has improved the fabrication resolution of three-dimensional (3D) structures on the nano-scale. However, most previous studies have focused on the lateral feature size, neglecting axial-feature-size enhancement. This article proposes a novel method to simultaneously reduce the axial and lateral feature sizes of PPI-DLW. By employing a pseudo 3D hollow focus, a suspended nanowire with an isotropic 30-nm feature size was realized. Such an isotropic 3D hollow focus for photoinhibition is generated using a single beam instead of two-beam superposition, thus it does not increase the system complexity of a PPI-DIW system. Owing to the reduced feature size in all three dimensions and the low systematic complexity, the proposed method improves the capabilities of PPI-DLW for fabricating arbitrary 3D structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of efficient catalysts for uric acid (UA) electrooxidation, as well as the establishment of structure‐activity relationships, remains a critical bottleneck in the field of electrochemical sensing. To address these challenges, herein, a hybrid catalyst that integrates carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticles and nitrogen‐coordinated Mn single atoms (PtNPs/MnNC) is developed. The metal‐metal interaction during annealing affords the construction of metallic‐bonded Pt−Mn pairs between PtNPs and Mn single atoms, facilitating the electron transfer from PtNPs to the support and thereby optimizing the electronic structure of catalysts. More importantly, experiments and theoretical calculations provide visual proof for the 'incipient hydrous oxide adatom mediator' mechanism for UA oxidation. The Pt−Mn pairs first adsorb OH* to construct the bridged Pt−OH−Mn mediators to serve as a highly active intermediate for N−H bond dissociation and proton transfer. Benefiting from the unique electronic and geometric structure of the catalytic center and reactive intermediates, PtNPs/MnNC exhibits superior electrooxidation performance. The electrochemical sensor based on PtNPs/MnNC enables sensitive detection and discrimination of UA and dopamine in serum samples. This work offers new insights into the construction of novel electrocatalysts for sensitive sensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of efficient catalysts for uric acid (UA) electrooxidation, as well as the establishment of structure‐activity relationships, remains a critical bottleneck in the field of electrochemical sensing. To address these challenges, herein, a hybrid catalyst that integrates carbon‐supported Pt nanoparticles and nitrogen‐coordinated Mn single atoms (PtNPs/MnNC) is developed. The metal‐metal interaction during annealing affords the construction of metallic‐bonded Pt−Mn pairs between PtNPs and Mn single atoms, facilitating the electron transfer from PtNPs to the support and thereby optimizing the electronic structure of catalysts. More importantly, experiments and theoretical calculations provide visual proof for the 'incipient hydrous oxide adatom mediator' mechanism for UA oxidation. The Pt−Mn pairs first adsorb OH* to construct the bridged Pt−OH−Mn mediators to serve as a highly active intermediate for N−H bond dissociation and proton transfer. Benefiting from the unique electronic and geometric structure of the catalytic center and reactive intermediates, PtNPs/MnNC exhibits superior electrooxidation performance. The electrochemical sensor based on PtNPs/MnNC enables sensitive detection and discrimination of UA and dopamine in serum samples. This work offers new insights into the construction of novel electrocatalysts for sensitive sensing platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific metallocofactors while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal–organic framework UiO‐67 nanozyme with atomically dispersed iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme‐like nanocofactors that synergistically drive the ET process for enhanced peroxidase‐like catalysis. Among them, the linker‐coupled atomic iron site plays a critical role in substrate activation, while bare linkers and zirconia nodes facilitate the ET efficiency of intermediates. The synergy of three nanocofactors results in a 4.29‐fold enhancement compared with the single effort of isolated metal site‐based nanocofactor, holding promise in immunoassay for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. This finding opens a new way for designing high‐performance nanozymes by harmonizing various nanocofactors at the atomic and molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering isolated metal sites resembling the primary coordination sphere of metallocofactors enables atomically dispersed materials as promising nanozymes. However, most existing nanozymes primarily focus on replicating specific metallocofactors while neglecting other supporting cofactors within active pockets, leading to reduced electron transfer (ET) efficiency and thus inferior catalytic performances. Herein, we report a metal–organic framework UiO‐67 nanozyme with atomically dispersed iron sites, which involves multiple tailored enzyme‐like nanocofactors that synergistically drive the ET process for enhanced peroxidase‐like catalysis. Among them, the linker‐coupled atomic iron site plays a critical role in substrate activation, while bare linkers and zirconia nodes facilitate the ET efficiency of intermediates. The synergy of three nanocofactors results in a 4.29‐fold enhancement compared with the single effort of isolated metal site‐based nanocofactor, holding promise in immunoassay for sensitive detection of chlorpyrifos. This finding opens a new way for designing high‐performance nanozymes by harmonizing various nanocofactors at the atomic and molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale power-to‑hydrogen (P2H) stations with multi-stack configurations, are emerging as valuable flexible resources for the power grid. The energy management strategy (EMS) determines multi-stack operation statuses. Nonetheless, existing EMS focus on production without adequately addressing the implications for grid-side power factor (PF) and potential security concerns. This paper addresses this limitation by presenting a model that characterizes the PF of a multi-stack P2H system across varying operation statuses defined by current and temperature. Through this model, we highlight a clear trade-off between the PF constraint and production targets in multi-stack scheduling. Subsequently, we introduce an improved EMS framework for multi-stack P2H that seeks a balance between PF, production, and security. This EMS is organized as a two-layer execution structure to guarantee control accuracy and tractability, which includes a model-based robust multi-stack scheduling programming and a rule-based real-time increment correction algorithm in series. Case studies compare multi-stack scheduling strategies under the proposed EMS with the traditional production-oriented strategy. The effectiveness of the extended PF and security dimensions is verified to comprehensively improve the responsiveness to power instructions. Furthermore, we outline five representative cluster-level scheduling strategies aligned with different load scenarios, offering insights for practical industrial implementations. • A general framework of energy management strategy for large-scale power-to-hydrogen (P2H) stations. • The tradeoff between the power factor constraint and the production target in determining multi-stack scheduling strategies. • A two-layer EMS is executed by a model-based hour-ahead robust scheduling and a rule-based real-time increment correction. • Outlining five cluster-level scheduling strategies aligned with various load scenarios of multi-stack P2H stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gratings are key components in many optical systems such as spectrometers. Improving their dispersion is very important for their applications, but improving the single-order diffraction efficiency of an ultrahigh dispersion grating is still very challenging. Here, we propose an analytical approach for the design of a new type of grating named hybrid grating, which consists of a subwavelength grating and a non-subwavelength grating. The proposed analytical approach is based on a physical model in which the non-subwavelength grating acts as an ultrathin reflection grating and the subwavelength grating acts as an antireflection coating. Using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis and the finite-difference time-domain method, we numerically demonstrate that multiple hybrid gratings designed at different wavelengths using the proposed analytical approach show a diffraction efficiency of greater than 95 % in the -1st diffraction order for TE-polarized light, an angular dispersion of greater than 0.8 mrad/nm and a deflection angle of greater than 80°. Furthermore, we numerically demonstrate that by using a combined approach to optimize the parameters of a hybrid grating, the diffraction efficiency in the -1st diffraction order for TE-polarized light can be increased to more than 97 % under the condition that the angular dispersion and the deflection angle of the hybrid grating remain unchanged. Our work provides an avenue for rapid design of gratings with high angular dispersion, large deflection angle and high diffraction efficiency. • An analytical approach was proposed as a rapid design tool for high-performance hybrid gratings. • A combined approach was proposed as a time-saving tool to optimize the parameters of a hybrid grating. • A diffraction efficiency of 97.5 %, an angular dispersion of 3.91 mrad/nm and a deflection angle of 80.63° can be achieved. • The diffraction efficiency of multiple designed hybrid gratings can be greater than 80 % over a bandwidth exceeding 240 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]