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Within an object‐interdependent context, we conducted three experiments to investigate the influence of social comparisons on cooperative behavior, as well as to assess the mediating and moderating effects of related variables. In Experiment 1 (n = 207), we examined whether social comparisons impact cooperative behavior toward a comparator in a dictator game task. Here, we specifically focused on the mediating effects of evaluation of others' competence, along with three other potential mediators: self‐competence evaluation, positive emotions, and negative emotions. Following the insights gained from Experiment 1, we proceeded to Experiments 2 (n = 279) and 3 (n = 298) to further explore whether social distance moderates the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence. The results of all three experiments consistently indicated that upward (vs. non‐) comparison facilitated cooperative behavior, whereas downward (vs. non‐) comparison hindered it. Furthermore, our findings revealed that evaluation of others' competence served as a mediator between social comparison and cooperative behavior when the comparator (i.e., the cooperative partner) was perceived as being at a far‐distance, whereas the mediating effect of evaluation of others' competence disappeared when social distance was close. These results reveal the pivotal role of evaluating others' competence and social distance in social interactions from the perspective of social comparison, which provides insights into how to promote cooperative behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop diseases are among the major natural disasters in agricultural production that seriously restrict the growth and development of crops, threatening food security. Timely classification, accurate identification, and the application of methods suitable for the situation can effectively prevent and control crop diseases, improving the quality of agricultural products. Considering the huge variety of crops, diseases, and differences in the characteristics of diseases during each stage, the current convolutional neural network models based on deep learning need to meet the higher requirement of classifying crop diseases accurately. It is necessary to introduce a new architecture scheme to improve the recognition effect. Therefore, in this study, we optimized the deep learning-based classification model for multiple crop leaf diseases using combined transfer learning and the attention mechanism, the modified model was deployed in the smartphone for testing. Dataset that containing 10 types of crops, 61 types of diseases, and different degrees was established, the algorithm structure based on ResNet50 was designed using transfer learning and the SE attention mechanism. The classification performances of different improvement methods were compared by model training. Result indicates that the average accuracy of the proposed TL-SE-ResNet50 model is increased by 7.7%, reaching 96.32%. The model was also integrated and implemented in the smartphone and the test result of the application reaches 94.8%, and the average response time is 882 ms. The improved model proposed has a good effect on the identification of diseases and their condition of multiple crops, and the application can meet the portable usage needs of farmers. This study can provide reference for more crop disease management research in agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the value of oral contrast-enhanced gastric ultrasonography (OCUS) by comparing it with conventional gastroscopy in diagnosing and staging benign peptic ulcer. From July 2018 to December 2020, 44 patients with gastroscopy-confirmed benign peptic ulcers (a total of 45 ulcers were detected), who also received OCUS, were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient's ultrasound images were compared with gastroscopy and pathology findings. The characteristics of ultrasonic images of different stages of ulcer were analysed. A total of 43 ulcers were detected by OCUS in 44 patients with benign peptic ulcers. There were no false positive results among the OCUS exams, but two ulcers were misdiagnosed. OCUS for benign peptic ulcer staging also shows acceptable clinical practice results. OCUS is useful for detecting and staging benign peptic ulcer, and may be considered an alternative method for conventional gastroscopy. OCUS is especially useful in the follow-up of BPU treatment, but futher study is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of benign and malignant ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented herein is a series of chain compounds based on pre-designed heterometallic aluminum–lanthanide (Al–Ln) Al4Ln4 molecular rings. Their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) with Eu3+ (30.41%) and Tb3+ (41.44%) is at a high level among the clusters containing four Ln ions. This study significantly extends the family of Al–Ln heterometallic clusters and demonstrates the synergistic effect of heterometallic ions in enhancing their properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was designed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of mSEPT9 to four blood markers (CEA, CA19-9, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)). In addition, we aimed to determine the combined diagnostic efficacy of mSEPT9, CEA, CA19-9, PLR and NLR in colorectal cancer. Methods: A total of 567 participants were enrolled in the study, including 308 CRC patients, 61 colorectal polyp patients and 198 healthy subjects confirmed by colonoscopy and/or tissue biopsy. Plasma samples were collected for tests. Results: The positive rate of mSEPT9 in CRC (71.8%) was markedly higher than that in either the colorectal polyps group (27.9%) or the healthy controls (6.1%) (P < 0.001). The levels of CEA, CA19-9, NLR and PLR in the CRC group were significantly higher than those in the non-CRC groups (P < 0.05). ROC curves comparison analyses showed that the diagnostic efficacy of mSEPT9 alone in CRC was significantly higher than CEA, CA19-9, NLR and PLR alone. The combination of mSEPT9 with CEA, CA19-9 and PLR showed superior diagnostic value. In addition, binary logistic regression was also used to build a better model for clinical diagnosis of CRC. On univariable analyses, age, mSEPT9, CEA, CA 19–9, PLR and NLR were independent predictors of CRC. When these covariates were fitted in multivariable models, the ones with positive detection of mSEPT9, CEA, CA 19–9 and PLR were more likely to have CRC. Conclusions: This research revealed a significant association between mSEPT9 status and the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients, and the combination of mSEPT9, CEA, CA19-9 and PLR could significantly improve diagnostic efficacy in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction (CORR) is effective in achieving renewable synthesis of valuable C2+ species from CO. However, the production of C2+ species is challenged by low activity and selectivity. Here, the surface of the atomically dispersed Cu–Au alloy is functionalized with aromatic heterocycle, thiadiazole derivate (N2SN), to enhance the conversion of CO into C2+ species with acetate as the main product. The N2SN functional groups with electron withdrawing property can alternate the oxidization state of copper, as confirmed by XPS and XAS, thus orienting the CORR pathway to the formation of C2+/acetate. In situ Raman reveals that the N2SN treated sample exhibits stronger signal of *CO intermediate for further dimerization and the C–C–O intermediate relates to acetate formation. Theoretical calculation demonstrates the N2SN molecule doping contributes to lowered energy barrier for C–C coupling, improved activity and selectivity to CORR, and suppressed hydrogen evolution reaction. High Faradaic efficiency (FEC2+, 89%), partial current density (jC2+, 397 mA cm−2), and energy efficiency for C2+ species (EEC2+, 24%) and total current density (jtotal, up to 1000 mA cm−2) are achieved in membrane electrode assembly (MEA), surpassing most of the reported catalysts for total C2+ products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Aims & Objectives Method Results & Conclusion In Terms of Specific Infections College students represent a unique demographic group as they are adults no longer under direct parental care, yet often lack the institutional health support available to more established members of society, which can lead to their health needs being neglected, despite their substantial contributions to blood donation. The objective of this study is to shed light on the health status of college students in Hefei, with a specific focus on transfusion‐transmitted diseases. Based on the detailed data analysis, the implementation of some constructive strategies will play a good warning role in improving clinical blood safety and promoting better health monitoring of this population in the future.The study aims to achieve two main objectives: On the one hand, to deepen our understanding of college students' participation in blood donation activities. On the other hand, to propose effective strategies for increasing youth involvement. Additionally, such research aims to afford recommendations for ensuring the safety of clinical blood supplies. Although the strategies and suggestions presented are speculative, they are grounded in the logical analysis of data and relevant theoretical frameworks. Therefore, these recommendations serve as a basis for potential future testing and implementation.The evaluation process for blood samples at the Hefei Blood Bank involves thorough serological testing for hepatitis B and C, HIV, and Treponema pallidum using both Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT). HIV reactive samples were further confirmed using Western Blot techniques at an external specialized laboratory. To ensure accuracy, each sample was tested with reagents from two different manufacturers. Moreover, any initially reactive sample was retested with the same reagent to eliminate potential false positives. In cases of conflicting results, alternative reagent kits are utilized for further confirmatory tests. Only samples that consistently show reactive results in consecutive tests are considered positive confirmation samples.Upon analysis of the data set, it was found that out of the total 663,105 donors, 177,089 (26.7%) were identified as college students, with the remaining 486,016 categorized as noncollege students. Our study demonstrated a notably lower prevalence of blood‐transmitted infections among college students (0.48%) in contrast to the wider donor population (1.23%), underscoring their potential as safe blood donors. To uphold this level of safety and protect public health, it is crucial to increase disease prevention awareness and advocate for responsible donation practices within this specific demographic. Strengthening confidentiality protocols and expanding education on safe sexual behaviors in university settings are vital actions to cultivate an environment that promotes informed and secure blood donation. The overall group had prevalence rates of 0.44% for hepatitis B, 0.15% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.42% for Treponema pallidum. When focusing on the student cohort, the prevalence rates were 0.17% for hepatitis B, 0.04% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.23% for Treponema pallidum. Transmissibility through blood transfusion All donors (%) Students (%) Non‐students (%) Any infection 1.23 0.48 1.51 HbsAg 0.44 0.17 0.54 Anti‐HCV 0.15 0.04 0.19 HIV Ag/Ab 0.02 0.02 0.02 Anti‐TP 0.42 0.23 0.49 The overall group had prevalence rates of 0.44% for hepatitis B, 0.15% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.42% for Treponema pallidum.When focusing on the student cohort, the prevalence rates were 0.17% for hepatitis B, 0.04% for hepatitis C, 0.02% for HIV, and 0.23% for Treponema pallidum.Individuals with two or more infectious agents occur more than once in all categories. While it leads to numerical over‐representation, such overlap is minimal and statistically insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major global public health issue. There is limited research on the relationship between ambient temperature and AIS hospital admissions, and the results are controversial. Our objective is to assess the short-term impact of ambient temperature on the risk of AIS hospital admissions in Yancheng, China. Methods: We collected data on daily AIS hospital admissions, meteorological factors, and air quality in Yancheng from 2014 to 2019. We used Poisson regression to fit generalized linear models and distributed lag non-linear models to explore the association between ambient temperature and AIS hospital admissions. The effects of these associations were evaluated by stratified analysis by sex and age. Results: From 2014 to 2019, we identified a total of 13,391 AIS hospital admissions. We observed that the influence of extreme cold and heat on admissions for AIS manifests immediately on the day of exposure and continues for a duration of 3–5 days. Compared to the optimal temperature (24.4 °C), the cumulative relative risk under extreme cold temperature (-1.3 °C) conditions with a lag of 0–5 days was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.28, 2.78), and under extreme heat temperature (30.5 °C) conditions with a lag of 0–5 days was 1.48 (95%CI: 1.26, 1.73). Conclusions: There is a non-linear association between ambient temperature and AIS hospital admission risk in Yancheng, China. Women and older patients are more vulnerable to non-optimal temperatures. Our findings may reveal the potential impact of climate change on the risk of AIS hospital admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a luminescence production technique triggered by electrochemistry, which has emerged as a powerful analytical technique in bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis. During ECL, charge transfer (CT) is an important process between electrochemical excitation and luminescent emission, and dramatically affects the efficiency of exciton generation, playing a pivotal role in the light-emitting properties of nanomaterials. Reticular framework materials with intramolecular/intermolecular interactions offer a promising platform for regulating CT pathways and enhancing luminescence efficiency. Deciphering the role of intramolecular/intermolecular CT processes in reticular framework materials allows for the targeted design and synthesis of emitters with precisely controlled CT properties. This sheds light on the microscopic mechanisms of electro-optical conversion in ECL, propelling advancements in their efficiency and breakthrough applications. This mini-review focuses on recent advancements in engineering CT within reticular frameworks to boost ECL efficiency. We summarized strategies including intra-reticular charge transfer, CT between the metal and ligands, and CT between guest molecules and frameworks within reticular frameworks, which holds promise for developing next-generation ECL devices with enhanced sensitivity and light emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the stuck bits induced by the gate breakdown of PMOS in the sub-20 nm FinFET static random access memory (SRAM) device. After the heavy-ion experiment, several stuck bits are in the FinFET SRAM matrix, which cannot be set or reset. To investigate the factors that caused the stuck bit, we perform the electrical failure analysis (EFA) to measure the electric characteristics of the transistors in the stuck bits and normal cells separately. The measurement results show a clear gate breakdown at the PMOS pull-up (PPU) transistor in all of the measured SRAM cells. Meanwhile, the SPICE simulation based on the EFA results verifies the impact of the damaged PPU. Finally, considering all of the phenomena, the charge deposition from single events is the major mechanism that causes the stuck bits in FinFET SRAM. The experiment results alert a potential gate breakdown risk in the ultra-high-density FinFET SRAM applied in the space environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of tumor inflammatory microenvironment in the advancement of cancer, particularly prostate cancer, is widely acknowledged. ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2), a tumor suppressor that has been identified in the prostate, is often downregulated in prostate cancer. Earlier investigations have shown that mice with EAF2 gene knockout exhibited a substantial infiltration of inflammatory cells into the prostatic stroma. Methods: A cohort comprising 38 patients who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer and subsequently undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) was selected. These patients were pathologically graded according to the Gleason scoring system and divided into two groups. The purpose of this selection was to investigate the potential correlation between EAF2 and CD163 using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Additionally, in vitro experimentation was conducted to verify the relationship between EAF2 expression, macrophage migration and polarization. Results: Our study demonstrated that in specimens of human prostate cancer, the expression of EAF2 was notably downregulated, and this decrease was inversely associated with the number of CD163-positive macrophages that infiltrated the cancerous tissue. Cell co-culture experiments revealed that the chemotactic effect of tumor cells towards macrophages was intensified and that macrophages differentiated into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) when EAF2 was knocked out. Additionally, the application of cytokine protein microarray showed that the expression of chemokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) increased after EAF2 knockout. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that EAF2 was involved in the infiltration of CD163-positive macrophages in prostate cancer via MIF. Highlights: EAF2 is associated with the progression of prostate cancer. EAF2 is correlated with Gleason score of prostate cancer. EAF2 is closely related to macrophages recruitment and polarition. EAF2 recruits M2 macrophages through upregulation of MIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial body of evidence indicates that neurological, psychological, and behavioral health issues are profoundly linked to interoceptive sensitivity. The present study aimed to identify the effects of interoceptive sensitivity on the relationship between physical activity and symptoms of depression in Chinese college students. This study employed a cross-sectional design using convenience sampling. An online self-reported survey was distributed to college students in China. The participants' interoceptive sensitivity, physical activity levels, and depressive symptoms were measured using the MAIA-2, IPAQ-SF, and PHQ-9, respectively. The mediating effect was tested via regression analysis and a parallel mediation model, with bootstrap confidence intervals for indirect effects. The results showed a significant negative correlation between physical activity and depression. A significant positive correlation was observed between physical activity and seven dimensions of interoceptive sensitivity. Conversely, interoceptive sensitivity exhibited a negative correlation with depression. The bootstrap mediation analysis showed that the "not distracting" and "trusting" dimensions of interoceptive sensitivity had significant indirect effects on the relationship between physical activity and depression, suggesting that physical activity might reduce depressive symptoms via these two interoceptive sensitivity dimensions. The findings suggest that interoceptive sensitivity should be integrated into therapeutic interventions, such as physical activity interventions, in the treatment of mental illnesses, particularly depression. Increasing physical activity levels, with a specific focus on enhancing interoceptive modulation, appears to be a promising approach for addressing depression in college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodResultsConclusionsTo explore the effects of live music to decrease psychological distress in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Sixty patients undergoing HSCT were divided into two groups, receiving either 4 week of live music (n = 31) or standard care (n = 29). Psychological distress, anxiety, the severity of symptom clusters and symptom interference were measured.When compared with the immediately and 1 month after intervention, patients in LM intervention group had significantly lower psychological distress and anxiety level than wait-list group. AYA undergoing HSCT reported significantly milder general symptom cluster and neurological symptom cluster at T3 than at baseline.Live music intervention showed a positive effect on relieving psychological distress and anxiety in AYA patients undergoing HSCT. However, further researches are warranted to explore the effects of live music intervention on symptom cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based and Transformer-based methods for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification have rapidly advanced due to their unique characterization capabilities. However, the fixed kernel sizes in convolutional layers limit the comprehensive utilization of multi-scale features in HSI land cover analysis, while the Transformer's multi-head self-attention (MHSA) mechanism faces challenges in effectively encoding feature information across various dimensions. To tackle this issue, this article introduces an HSI classification method, based on multi-scale convolutional features and multi-attention mechanisms (i.e., MSCF-MAM). Firstly, the model employs a multi-scale convolutional module to capture features across different scales in HSIs. Secondly, to enhance the integration of local and global channel features and establish long-range dependencies, a feature enhancement module based on pyramid squeeze attention (PSA) is employed. Lastly, the model leverages a classical Transformer Encoder (TE) and linear layers to encode and classify the transformed spatial–spectral features. The proposed method is evaluated on three publicly available datasets—Salina Valley (SV), WHU-Hi-HanChuan (HC), and WHU-Hi-HongHu (HH). Extensive experimental results have demonstrated that the MSCF-MAM method outperforms several representative methods in terms of classification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the optimization of management strategies of energy supply chain in oil–gas enterprises to find out the optimal management strategy and overcome the fragility of the traditional energy supply system. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is applied to energy supply predicting and energy security early warning in oil–gas enterprises, and the security early warning system is designed based on the auxiliary cognitive system. The security early warning system is used to predict the peak value of oil and gas supply, and then the detection performances and the data security transmission performances of different models are compared and analysed. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation model for security management of oil–gas supply chain based on the neural network is established. It is found that compared with convolutional neural network (CNNs), the improved BPNN model algorithm proposed shows increased accuracy by 5.4%, reduced model training time and test time, and improved accuracy and recall rate. The accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of the proposed model are 88.48%, 75.88%, and 96.21%, respectively, which were obviously higher than those of the CNN. It suggests that the improved security management model of oil–gas supply chain shows better recognition and prediction accuracy. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis results, the optimization suggestions for management strategies in oil–gas enterprises are put forward, which is of strategic significance for improving the security of oil–gas supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has garnered increasing attention among researchers. While classical networks like convolution neural networks (CNNs) have achieved satisfactory results with the advent of deep learning, they are confined to processing local information. Vision transformers, despite being effective at establishing long-distance dependencies, face challenges in extracting high-representation features for high-dimensional images. In this paper, we present the multiscale efficient attention with enhanced feature transformer (MEA-EFFormer), which is designed for the efficient extraction of spectral–spatial features, leading to effective classification. MEA-EFFormer employs a multiscale efficient attention feature extraction module to initially extract 3D convolution features and applies effective channel attention to refine spectral information. Following this, 2D convolution features are extracted and integrated with local binary pattern (LBP) spatial information to augment their representation. Then, the processed features are fed into a spectral–spatial enhancement attention (SSEA) module that facilitates interactive enhancement of spectral–spatial information across the three dimensions. Finally, these features undergo classification through a transformer encoder. We evaluate MEA-EFFormer against several state-of-the-art methods on three datasets and demonstrate its outstanding HSIC performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark feature distinguishing neurodegenerative diseases from normal ageing. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Extracellular K+ homeostasis is a potential mediator of neuronal injury as K+ elevations increase excitatory activity. The dysregulation of extracellular K+ and potassium channel expressions during neurodegeneration could contribute to this distinction. Here we measured the cortical extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]e) in awake wild-type mice as well as murine models of neurodegeneration using K+-sensitive microelectrodes. Unexpectedly, aged wild-type mice exhibited significantly lower cortical [K+]e than young mice. In contrast, cortical [K+]e was consistently elevated in Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (SOD1G93A) and Huntington's disease (R6/2) models. Cortical resting [K+]e correlated inversely with neuronal density and the [K+]e buffering rate but correlated positively with the predicted neuronal firing rate. Screening of astrocyte-selective genomic datasets revealed a number of potassium channel genes that were downregulated in these disease models but not in normal ageing. In particular, the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kcnj10 was downregulated in ALS and Huntington's disease models but not in normal ageing, while Fxyd1 and Slc1a3 , each of which acts as a negative regulator of potassium uptake, were each upregulated by astrocytes in both Alzheimer's disease and ALS models. Chronic elevation of [K+]e in response to changes in gene expression and the attendant neuronal hyperexcitability may drive the neuronal loss characteristic of these neurodegenerative diseases. These observations suggest that the dysregulation of extracellular K+ homeostasis in a number of neurodegenerative diseases could be due to aberrant astrocytic K+ buffering and as such, highlight a fundamental role for glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the real estate industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, has become a pillar industry for economic development. Therefore, we inspect the nexus between land finance, housing prices, and economic growth. For this purpose, we use the panel data of 277 cities at the prefecture level or above in China from 2011 to 2019, and empirically examine it by using the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results show that there is a causal relationship between housing prices and economic growth. Housing prices promote economic growth in the short term and inhibit it in the long term. Both economic growth and housing prices have a significant impact on land finance. The economic growth show a significantly positive impact, while housing prices promote land finance in the short term with a long-term trend from positive to negative. This is the first study that tries to probe the relationship between urban housing prices, land finance, and economic growth by considering 277 prefecture-level and above cities in China. To promote the stable development of the regional economy, local governments need to overcome their dependence on the housing market and land finance and promote the healthy development of the housing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an overview of two years of research findings concerning the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in the stratospheric environment is provided, focusing on water vapor, aerosols, and ozone. Additionally, the potential impacts of these changes on aviation equipment materials are discussed. The HTHH volcanic eruption released a large amount of particles (e.g., ash and ice) and gases (e.g., H2O, SO2, and HCl), significantly affecting the redistribution of stratospheric water vapor and aerosols. Stratospheric water vapor increased by approximately 140–150 Tg (8–10%), with a concentration peak observed in the height range of 22.2–27 km (38–17 hPa). Satellite measurements indicate that the HTHH volcano injected approximately 0.2–0.5 Tg of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, which was partially converted into sulfate aerosols. In-situ observations revealed that the volcanic aerosols exhibit hygroscopic characteristics, with particle sizes ranging from 0.22–0.42 μm under background conditions to 0.42–1.27 μm. The moist stratospheric conditions increased the aerosol surface area, inducing heterogeneous chlorine chemical reactions on the aerosol surface, resulting in stratospheric ozone depletion in the HTHH plume within one week. In addition, atmospheric disturbances and ionospheric disruptions triggered by volcanic eruptions may adversely affect aircraft and communication systems. Further research is required to understand the evolution of volcanic aerosols and the impact of volcanic activity on aviation equipment materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite notable advancements achieved on Hyperspectral (HS) pansharpening tasks through deep learning techniques, previous methods are inherently constrained by convolution or self-attention intrinsic defects, leading to limited performance. In this paper, we proposed an Attention-Interactive Dual-Branch Convolutional Neural Network (AIDB-Net) for HS pansharpening. Our model purely consists of convolutional layers and simultaneously inherits the strengths of both convolution and self-attention, especially the modeling of short- and long-range dependencies. Specially, we first extract, tokenize, and align the hyperspectral image (HSI) and panchromatic image (PAN) by Overlapping Patch Embedding Blocks. Then, we specialize a novel Spectral-Spatial Interactive Attention which is able to globally interact and fuse the cross-modality features. The resultant token-global similarity scores can guide the refinement and renewal of the textural details and spectral characteristics within HSI features. By deeply combined these two paradigms, our AIDB-Net significantly improve the pansharpening performance. Moreover, with the acceleration by the convolution inductive bias, our interactive attention can be trained without large scale dataset and achieves competitive time cost with its counterparts. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our AIDB-Net makes 5.2%, 3.1%, and 2.2% improvement on PSNR metric on three public datasets, respectively. Comprehensive experiments quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our AIDB-Net. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied a Hadamard-type fractional Riemann-Stieltjes integral boundary value problem. The existence of nontrivial solutions was obtained by using the fixed-point method when the nonlinearities can be superlinear, suberlinear, and have asymptotic linear growth. Our results improved and generalized some results of the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been considerable efforts in generating tree crown maps from satellite images. However, tree localization in urban environments using satellite imagery remains a challenging task. One of the difficulties in complex urban tree detection tasks lies in the segmentation of dense tree crowns. Currently, methods based on semantic segmentation algorithms have made significant progress. We propose to split the tree localization problem into two parts, dense clusters and single trees, and combine the target detection method with a procedural generation method based on planting rules for the complex urban tree detection task, which improves the accuracy of single tree detection. Specifically, we propose a two-stage urban tree localization pipeline that leverages deep learning and planting strategy algorithms along with region discrimination methods. This approach ensures the precise localization of individual trees while also facilitating distribution inference within dense tree canopies. Additionally, our method estimates the radius and height of trees, which provides significant advantages for three-dimensional reconstruction tasks from remote sensing images. We compare our results with other existing methods, achieving an 82.3% accuracy in individual tree localization. This method can be seamlessly integrated with the three-dimensional reconstruction of urban trees. We visualized the three-dimensional reconstruction of urban trees generated by this method, which demonstrates the diversity of tree heights and provides a more realistic solution for tree distribution generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objective: To summarize evidence from systematic reviews (SRs)/meta‐analyses (MAs) regarding the impact of dyadic interventions delivered to both members of a cancer dyad, including a cancer patient and caregiver (e.g. family caregiver, intimate partner). Design: This overview of SRs was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for overviews of reviews statement. Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang. The methodological and reporting quality of SRs and MAs was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2. The quality of the included SRs/MAs was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results: Eighteen SRs/MAs undertook quantitative synthesis to assess the impact of dyadic interventions on cancer dyads. Both the credibility of the SRs/MAs and the evidence quality of the outcome measures were below satisfactory standards. Prior SRs/MAs revealed several limitations such as lack of pre‐published protocols or research objectives, failure to report excluded studies and insufficient details on funding sources for individual studies. Conclusions: Dyadic interventions may prove advantageous for the physical health and dyadic adjustment of cancer dyads. Nevertheless, the reported results of dyadic interventions on the psychological health of patient–caregiver dyads affected by cancer are inconsistent. Thus, rigorous and comprehensive studies are requisite to establish reliable evidence for conclusive determinations. Relevance to Clinical Practice: The findings of this overview can guide healthcare practitioners when considering the use of dyadic interventions for cancer dyads. Moreover, these findings have the potential to enhance the integration of these approaches into clinical practice. Patient or Public Contribution: Our paper presents an overview of systematic reviews, and therefore, such specific details may not be relevant to our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts two-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow over four square cylinders arranged side by side at a low Reynolds number (Re) of 100. The investigation primarily centers on the influence of the gap to a square cylinder width ratio (g*) on the flow. The range of g* spans from 0.1 to 7.0. Within this parameter range, three distinct flow regimes emerge based on the inherent flow characteristics. These regimes are defined as follows: (1) single bluff body flow (g* ≤ 0.3), (2) flip-flopping flow (0.3 < g* < 2.0), and (3) modulated periodic flow (g* ≥ 2.0). Additionally, the modulated periodic flow is further categorized into three distinct flow patterns. Various aspects of these different flow regimes are examined, including vortex contours, velocity fields, and liquid force coefficients around the cylinders. Moreover, detailed illustrations are provided for the modulation behaviors in vortex structures and liquid force coefficients. Finally, the proper orthogonal decomposition technique is employed to identify and analyze the underlying spatial coherent structures in the flow field, offering further insights into the dynamic features of wakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scarce research has reported the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in elderly patients. This retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 303 elderly patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer from June 2017 to June 2021 were enrolled. Variables used to calculate propensity score matching included sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists, history of diabetes, and history of hypertension. The statistical significance of continuous variables was tested using an independent sample t test. chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables. Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test were used for the evaluation of 3-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Results: After performing 1:1 propensity score matching, 248 patients were included for analysis (laparoscopic = 124, open = 124). Compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group showed significant advantages in estimated blood loss (P < 0.001), pain scale on the first postoperative day (P = 0.002), time to first flatus (P = 0.004), time to first liquid diet (P = 0.005), hospital stays (P < 0.001), and total complications (P = 0.011), but devoted much more operation time (P < 0.001). No statistical difference was observed between the two groups in 3-year recurrence-free survival (P = 0.315) or overall survival (P = 0.159). Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that laparoscopic surgery had the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, fewer postoperative complications, and faster postoperative recovery in distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric, indicating that laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is safe and effective for treating elderly patients with distal gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood discharge atomization is a phenomenon of water droplets and mist diffusion caused by dam discharge, which brings heavy rainfall around the dam. The unnatural rainfall is harmful to the safe operation of hydropower stations and the stability of slopes. Jet splashing is the most important factor in the formation of flood discharge atomization. The splashing rainfall intensity and diffusion region are highly dependent on the jet impingement conditions. In this study, a two-dimensional splashing model is derived that describes the splashing rainfall distribution when a jet impinges on a plunge pool surface in terms of the jet impingement conditions. Given the close relationship between the splashing rainfall intensity distribution and the motion trajectories of droplets, it is hypothesized that certain droplet trajectories can accurately represent the distribution of rainfall intensity. The characteristic ejection angle of splashing droplets and the splashing diffusion coefficient are introduced to estimate the characteristic trajectories of droplets. Experimental data from laboratory tests are used to estimate the parameters of the splashing model. The current predictions are compared with the data from laboratory tests and prototype observations. The results suggest that the model accurately predicts the relative rainfall intensity at the upper region of the predicted curves, which corresponds to approximately 1/10 of the total height of the ideal parabola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poststroke sleep disturbances are common and can affect stroke outcomes, but the clinical studies mainly focus on breathing-related sleep disorders, while the bidirectional impact of circadian rhythm dysfunction in ischemic stroke remains unknown. This study observed the characteristics of melatonin secretion in acute ischemic stroke patients and evaluated whether melatonin rhythm impacts the prognosis after stroke by assessing the neurological function, cognition, emotion, and quality of life 3 months after stroke. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke patients were selected from the Department of Neurology Inpatients of the Second Hospital affiliated with Soochow University from October 2019 to July 2021. Healthy control subjects were recruited at the same time. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and relevant scale scores (including neurological function, cognition, emotion, and sleep) were assessed within 2 weeks of onset and followed up 3 months later. All participants collected salivary melatonin samples on the 4th day of hospitalization and dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was calculated according to melatonin concentration. Stroke patients were then divided into three groups based on their DLMO values. Results: A total of 74 stroke patients and 33 control subjects were included in this analysis. Compared with healthy controls, stroke patients exhibited a delayed melatonin rhythm during the acute phase of stroke (21:36 vs. 20:38, p = 0.004). Stroke patients were then divided into three groups, namely normal (n = 36), delayed (n = 28), or advanced DLMO (n = 10), based on their DLMO values. A χ2 test showed that there were significant differences in the rate of poor prognosis (p = 0.011) and depression tendency (p = 0.028) among the three groups. A further pairwise comparison revealed that stroke patients with delayed DLMO were more likely to experience poor short-term outcomes than normal DLMO group (p = 0.003). The average melatonin concentration of stroke patients at 5 time points was significantly lower than that of the control group (3.145 vs. 7.065 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Accordingly, we split stroke patients into three groups, namely low melatonin level (n = 14), normal melatonin level (n = 54), or high melatonin level (n = 6). Unfortunately, there were no great differences in the clinical characteristics, cognition, emotion, sleep quality, and short-term outcome among groups. Conclusions: This is a preliminary study, and our results indicate that changes in melatonin secretion phase of stroke patients may have effect on their short-term prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A fiber optic respiratory sensor based on optical fibers and silicon tube is proposed. • Static and accurate performance testing of fiber optic respiratory sensors is proposed. • The proposed respiratory sensors show high sensitivity and wide measurement range detection. An optical fiber sensor based on the principle of intensity modulation is proposed, which is composed of plastic optical fibers and silicone tubes. The displacement measurement is achieved by stretching the optical fibers to cause changes in the angle between the end faces, resulting in changes in the coupling efficiency between the end faces. To address the challenges in the performance calibration of fiber optic respiratory sensors, it is proposed to convert the dynamic characteristics measurement of the respiratory sensor into the static performance analysis of the displacement sensor, so as to obtain the characteristics such as sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability, etc. It is further proposed to use a stepper motor to simulate the periodic stretching process of the optical fibers caused by the respiratory process, enabling the analysis of frequency measurement accuracy under different respiratory strengths. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor has high linearity, good repeatability, high sensitivity, and a wide measurement range. It can accurately measure respiratory frequency and display amplitude information, providing comprehensive information for respiratory monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Autoinducer-2 repairs necrotizing enterocolitis damage. • Raises ZO-1 and occludin in necrotizing enterocolitis. • Lowers Matrix metalloproteinase-3 and Protease activated receptor-2. • Autoinducer-2 boosts cell proliferation in disease models. • Shows Autoinducer-2′s therapeutic potential for necrotizing enterocolitis. Imbalanced intestinal microbiota and damage to the intestinal barrier contribute to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) plays a crucial role in repairing intestinal damage and reducing inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AI-2 on the expression of intestinal zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin proteins in NEC. We evaluated its effects in vivo using NEC mice and in vitro using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intestinal cells. Pathological changes in the intestines of neonatal mice were assessed using histological staining and scoring. Cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to determine the optimal conditions for LPS and AI-2 interventions. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), protease activated receptor-2 (PAR2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. Protein levels of MMP3, PAR2, ZO-1, and occludin were evaluated using western blot, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. AI-2 alleviated NEC-induced intestinal damage (P < 0.05) and enhanced the proliferation of damaged IEC-6 cells (P < 0.05). AI-2 intervention reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of MMP3 and PAR2 in intestinal tissue and cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, it increased the protein levels of ZO-1 and occludin (P < 0.05), while reducing IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). AI-2 intervention enhances the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), mitigates intestinal damage in NEC neonatal mice and IEC-6 cells, potentially by modulating PAR2 and MMP3 signaling. AI-2 holds promise as a protective intervention for NEC. AI-2 plays a crucial role in repairing intestinal damage and reducing inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ICT ameliorates liver injury and excessive inflammatory response induced by hepatic IR in mice. • ICT activates PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit hepatic IR-induced autophagy. • ICT attenuates oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis after hepatic IR. Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a major complication of liver transplantation and gravely affects patient prognosis. Icaritin (ICT), the primary plasma metabolite of icariin (ICA), plays a critical role in anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory processes. However, the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury remains largely undefined. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of ICT in hepatic IR injury. We established hepatic IR injury models in animals, as well as an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell model. Liver injury in vivo was assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, necrotic areas by liver histology and local hepatic inflammatory responses. For in vitro analyses, we implemented flow-cytometric and western blot analyses, transmission electron microscopy, and an mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus reporter assay to assess the effects of ICT on OGD/R injury in AML12 and THLE-2 cell lines. Signaling pathways were explored in vitro and in vivo to identify possible mechanisms underlying ICT action in hepatic IR injury. Compared to the mouse model group, ICT preconditioning considerably protected the liver against IR stress, and diminished the levels of necrosis/apoptosis and inflammation-related cytokines. In additional studies, ICT treatment dramatically boosted the expression ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR proteins in hepatic cells following OGD/R damage. We also applied LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and RAPA (rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor), which blocked the protective effects of ICT in hepatocytes subjected to OGD/R. This study indicates that ICT attenuates ischemia–reperfusion injury by exerting anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-autophagy effects, as demonstrated in mouse livers. We thus posit that ICT could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of hepatic IR injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VN/Mo 2 C heterointerfaces nanoparticles are monodispersed on N-doped carbon nanosheets. • Mo 2 C and VN synergistically promote the diffusion and conversion of polysulfides. • The functional separator also has excellent protective effect on the lithium anode. • The modified separator exhibits superb electrochemical performance in Li-S batteries. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is deemed as one of the optimal next-generation energy storage devices due to its low cost and high energy density. However, the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPS), sluggish reaction kinetics, and fatal Li-dendrite growth hinder its practical applications. In this work, a bifunctional nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet conductive framework embedded with VN-Mo 2 C heterointerfaces (VN/Mo 2 C@CNS) is reported as a separator modifier for both sulfur cathode and lithium anode. The VN/Mo 2 C@CNS can offer a synergistic effect of strong surface affinity, good catalytic activity, and small diffusion barrier to accelerate the conversion of polysulfides, which was confirmed by in-situ Raman and theoretical calculation. Moreover, the composite has good lithiophilicity, thus inhibiting the formation of dendrites and achieving uniform lithium deposition. Benefiting from the above merits, the Li-S cells with VN/Mo 2 C@CNS separator obtain desirable rate performance (687 mAh g−1 at 4 C), long cycle life of 1000 cycles (0.042 % capacity attenuation per cycle at 1 C), high areal capacity of 4.2 mAh cm−2 (under a high sulfur loading of 5.6 mg cm−2), and stable performance in protecting the Li anode (at 5 mA cm−2 for 1000 h). This work highlights a novel strategy for facilely designing heterostructures, offering valuable insights to tackle sulfur cathode and lithium anode challenges simultaneously for longevous Li-S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening for fentanyl has been adopted by many clinical laboratories to detect illicit drug use and monitor medication adherence. However, compared to other urine drug testing, fentanyl screening assays are relatively new and therefore their clinical performances are largely unknown. This study extensively evaluated the clinical performance, positive cutoff, and interference profile of SEFRIA fentanyl immunoassay in real patient settings. The FDA-cleared cutoff of 1.0 was verified with 21 urine samples with low or undetectable levels of fentanyl. After assay implementation, all screened-positive samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A new cutoff was derived from the numeric values of the false positive (FP) screening results. The FP rates before and after implementing the new cutoff were compared. Interferences were identified by an untargeted drug analysis and confirmed by spiking experiments. A total of 3951 screening results were reviewed in the first two months of the assay utilization, 410 were screened-positive, and 157 (38 %) were FP. After a new cutoff of 1.3 was implemented, the FP rate was reduced to 17 % based on 11119 screening results. Trazodone, labetalol, and haloperidol were identified as major interferents, accounting for 56 % of the FP results using the cutoff of 1.3. By applying the new cutoff and including an interference comment to positive screening results, the FP rate was reduced from initial 38 % to 7.5 % (17 % times 56 %). • A false positive rate of 38 % was observed with the FDA-cleared cutoff of 1.0. • A new cutoff of 1.3 was implemented, and the false positive rate dropped to 17 %. • Interferences were identified by an untargeted drug analysis and spiking studies. • Trazodone, labetalol, and haloperidol accounted for 56 % of the false positives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early prostatic cancer (PCa) diagnosis significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and enhances patient survival rates. Traditional enzyme cascade-based early cancer detection methods offer efficiency and signal amplification but are limited by cost, complexity, and enzyme dependency, affecting stability and practicality. Meanwhile, sarcosine (Sar) is commonly considered a biomarker for PCa development. It is essential to develop a Sar detection method based on cascade reactions, which should be efficient, low skill requirement, and suitable for on-site testing. To address this, our study introduces the synthesis of organic-inorganic self-assembled nanoflowers to optimize existing detection methods. The Sar oxidase (SOX)-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (Cu 3 (PO 4) 2 :Ce@SOX) possess inherent fluorescent properties and excellent peroxidase activity, coupled with efficient enzyme loading. Based on this, we have developed a dual-mode multi-enzyme cascade nanoplatform combining fluorescence and colorimetric methods for the detection of Sar. The encapsulation yield of Cu 3 (PO 4) 2 :Ce@SOX reaches 84.5 %, exhibiting a remarkable enhancement in catalytic activity by 1.26–1.29 fold compared to free SOX. The present study employing a dual-signal mechanism encompasses 'turn-off' fluorescence signals ranging from 0.5 μM to 60 μM, with a detection limit of 0.226 μM, and 'turn-on' colorimetric signals ranging from 0.18 μM to 60 μM, with a detection limit of 0.120 μM. Furthermore, our study developed an intelligent smartphone sensor system utilizing cotton swabs for real-time analysis of Sar without additional instruments. The nano-platform exhibits exceptional repeatability and stability, rendering it well-suited for detecting Sar in authentic human urine samples. This innovation allows for immediate analysis, offering valuable insights for portable and efficient biosensors applicable to Sar and other analytes. A fluorescence and smartphone colorimetric sensing dual-mode multienzyme cascade based on oxidation-induced self-assembled nanoflowers for sarcosine's sensitive and selective detection. [Display omitted] • The simple synthesis method includes SOX as part of the enzyme-like catalyst. • The fluorescence was quenched by the SOX + Sar system, with activating nanozyme activity. • The generated H 2 O 2 has the effect of killing two birds with one stone for the cascade reaction system. • A chromogenic cotton swabs-based smartphone sensing system was developed for sarcosine analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The learning and memory abilities of GHP offspring rats were significantly lower than those of normal rat offspring. • Sal treatment can significantly increase the expression of Wnt1 and Skp2 protein, and decrease the expression of P27kiwf and P21waf1protein. • Sal significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation on neural stem cell, while Wnt1 knockdown could reverse these promotions by Sal. • Sal treatment significantly increased the expression of Tuj1, SOX2, Ki67 and DCX protein. Salidroside (Sal) has been found to protect against multiple impairments caused by diabetes, and we designed this study to investigate the effect of Sal on gestational hypertension (GHP)-induced impairment of offspring learning and memory. We established a GHP rat model by intraperitoneal injection of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and treated with Sal by daily gavage. We used Morris Water Maze test to evaluate the learning and memory ability of offspring rats. HE staining was used to measured the pathological changes in hippocampus of offspring. Immunohistochemistry, cellular immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the protein expression. The learning and memory abilities of GHP offspring rats were significantly lower than those of normal rat offspring, while Sal treatment could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of GHP offspring rats. HE staining did not reveal pathological differences in the hippocampus of normal rats, GHP rats and Sal-treated GHP offspring rats. However, Sal treatment can significantly increase the expression of Wnt1 and Skp2 protein, and decrease the expression of P27kiwf and P21waf1 protein in the hippocampus of GHP offspring rats. In vitro, Sal significantly promoted the proliferation and differentiation on neural stem cell, while Wnt1 knockdown could reverse these promotions by Sal. In the hippocampus of GHP offspring rats, Sal treatment significantly increased the expression of Tuj1, SOX2, Ki67 and DCX protein. Salidroside significantly improves the learning and memory impairment of offspring caused by GHP, and its mechanism may be related to the fact that Salidroside promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells by activating the Wnt1/Skp2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published funding statement is inaccurate. The correct funding statement is as follows: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (72373037), Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province Key Program (22ZDB080), Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan (2022JJ30116).By Qian Sun; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Yong Tang and Yan FengReported by Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

• The proposed model can be used for IFTs and MMPs prediction in nanopores. • Critical properties shift dominates IFT and MMP reduction over capillary pressure. • IFTs and MMPs become less sensitive to pore size when the pore radius exceeds 15 nm. • Mixing rule is more reasonable for MMP prediction in a real reservoir. CO 2 miscible flooding is considered to be a cost-effective and efficient method for improving shale oil recovery. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) between CO 2 and shale oil in nanopores is a crucial parameter for assessing the viability of miscible flooding. Experimental methods are often inadequate for capturing phase transition behaviors at the nanoscale. Therefore, it is essential to establish a comprehensive theoretical model to explore the phase behavior and miscibility of fluids confined in nanopores. Besides, the real shale formations have highly heterogeneous pore spaces, where the effect of pore size distribution on the MMP prediction should be properly addressed. In this research, a thermodynamic model that accounts for the nano-confinement effect is proposed to describe the interfacial tensions (IFTs) and MMPs profiles based on the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) method. Firstly, a modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) was employed for the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) calculations at the nanopores by considering the capillary pressure effect and critical properties shift. Secondly, the model validation and the effect of temperature, pore radius, alkane type, and injected gas components on IFTs and MMPs were launched to analyze the nano-confinement effect. Finally, the model was applied to real shale oil to explore how pore size distribution affected the MMP in nanopores. The simulation results show that IFTs and MMPs calculated by the proposed model match very well with the experimental and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) results. The critical properties shift is the main cause for IFT and MMP reduction compared with capillary pressure. The MMPs of CO 2 -alkanes initially increase and then decrease with increasing temperature in nanopores. The IFTs and MMPs increase with pore radius, carbon number of alkanes. However, the IFTs and MMPs become less sensitive to pore size when the pore radius exceeds 15 nm. Higher C 2 H 6 & C 3 H 8 mole fractions decrease the MMP of confined fluids, while higher CH 4 mole fraction increases MMP. The MMPs calculated by considering the pore size distribution are lower than those calculated using the average pore radius. Therefore, the mixing rule should be considered when the pore size distribution is provided. We hope this model can give a more precise depiction of fluid phase behaviors in shale reservoirs, thereby facilitating the development of shale oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A mild pressure-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment was developed to facilitate PHK. • Air pressure of 3 MPa improved hemicelluloses removal more than heating up 10 °C. • Pressurised PHK facilitated the reduction of active alkali content in Kraft process. • This strategy could provide superior cellulose properties and purity. The efficient removal of hemicelluloses while preventing cellulose hydrolysis is crucial in Kraft pulping yet remains challenging. Herein, a mild pressure-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment strategy was developed in this study prior to Kraft pulping. Research indicated that pretreatment at 155 °C under 3 MPa pressure significantly enhances hemicelluloses removal (to 70.63 %), surpassing even that at 165 °C under ambient pressure. Moreover, during pre-hydrolysis Kraft pulping, pressure-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment could reduce the concentration of active alkali used in the subsequent pulping process. The cellulose properties (viscosity = 491 ml/g) and purity (R10 = 94.60 %) of bleached pulp obtained from pressure-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment outperform those obtained from conventional hydrolysis. Furthermore, the removed hemicelluloses were converted into monosaccharides and polysaccharides to produce high-value chemicals in downstream processes. Therefore, pressure-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment not only enhanced hemicelluloses removal and pulp properties but also reduced alkali concentration in the subsequent pulping process, promoting sustainable development in pulp production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Respiratory sensor based on two segments of plastic optical fibers and a clamp based on the 3D printing technology is proposed. • The experiment demonstrates the scheme's capability to detect a broad range of stable respiratory frequencies and weak signals. • An automatic multi-scale peak detection algorithm is utilized to achieve real-time display of transient respiratory rate, which enables the timely feedback of apnea and abnormal signals. A respiratory signal sensing scheme based on plastic optical fiber and smartphone is proposed. Respiratory signals are achieved by detecting the changes in abdominal circumference caused by the inhalation and exhalation of air from the lungs during breathing. A flexible clamp is prepared based on the 3D printing technology and the changes in abdominal circumference are leading to the lateral distance variation between the end face of the two plastic optical fibers in the clamp. The experiment demonstrates the scheme's capability to detect a broad range of stable respiratory frequencies and weak signals. Finally, an automatic multi-scale peak detection algorithm is utilized to achieve real-time display of transient respiratory rate, which enables the timely feedback of apnea and abnormal signals. The proposed respiratory sensing system provides an efficient, accurate, convenient and low-cost solution for human physiological signal monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of data-driven complex ship-motion attitude prediction models not only depends on the structure and algorithm design of the model but is also affected by the quantity and quality of training samples. Insufficient available data, resulting from factors such as low sampling rates and high costs, could inhibit the achievement of optimal prediction accuracy. This limitation in turn increases the model's expected generalization error of the model and causes overfitting in regression models. Nevertheless, by artificially expanding the training dataset, data-augmentation methods enhance the resistance of the model to overfitting, thereby improving the prediction performance. This study introduces a novel data-driven model for ship-motion prediction based on the principles of Slim Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks (SGAINs). The model not only increases the amount of data but also considers temporal correlation features in the enhancement process, thus uniquely addressing the issue of poor accuracy of prediction models caused by insufficient training datasets. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model for short-term ship-motion attitude data augmentation. • The autocorrelation from state variable sequences sets the sliding window length and ensures inputs' relevance. • A robust framework is effectively constructed for data expansion for ship-motion attitude. • The model's accuracy ties to training length and balances complexity and precision. Bayesian optimization boosts prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various types of materials with intrinsic porosity, porous organic cages (POCs) are distinctive as discrete molecules that possess intrinsic cavities and extrinsic channels capable of facilitating molecular sieving. However, the fabrication of POC membranes remains highly challenging due to the weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions and most reported POCs are powders. In this study, we constructed crystalline free‐standing porous organic cage membranes by fortifying intermolecular interactions through the induction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. To elucidate the driving forces behind, a series of terephthaldehyde building blocks containing different substitutions were reacted with flexible triamine under different conditions via interfacial polymerization (IP). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that intramolecular hydrogen bonding can significantly boost the intermolecular interactions. The resulting membranes exhibited fast solvent permeance and high rejection of dyes not only in water, but also in organic solvents. In addition, the membrane demonstrated excellent performance in precise molecular sieving in organic solvents. This work opens an avenue to designing and fabricating free‐standing membranes composed of porous organic materials for efficient molecular sieving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the various types of materials with intrinsic porosity, porous organic cages (POCs) are distinctive as discrete molecules that possess intrinsic cavities and extrinsic channels capable of facilitating molecular sieving. However, the fabrication of POC membranes remains highly challenging due to the weak noncovalent intermolecular interactions and most reported POCs are powders. In this study, we constructed crystalline free‐standing porous organic cage membranes by fortifying intermolecular interactions through the induction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. To elucidate the driving forces behind, a series of terephthaldehyde building blocks containing different substitutions were reacted with flexible triamine under different conditions via interfacial polymerization (IP). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that intramolecular hydrogen bonding can significantly boost the intermolecular interactions. The resulting membranes exhibited fast solvent permeance and high rejection of dyes not only in water, but also in organic solvents. In addition, the membrane demonstrated excellent performance in precise molecular sieving in organic solvents. This work opens an avenue to designing and fabricating free‐standing membranes composed of porous organic materials for efficient molecular sieving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop a multifunctional wound dressing with enhanced antibacterial properties and wound healing promotion. The synthesis process involved preparing oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) following a modified procedure, synthesizing chitosan/silver nanoparticles (CS/Ag NPs) via an in-situ reduction method, and subsequently preparing ORC/CS/Lys@Ag NPs hydrogels. Characterization techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS were employed to analyze functional groups, lattice structure, morphology, and elemental composition. Gelation time, swelling behavior, water retention, mechanical properties, viscosity, self-healing capacity, rheological behavior, oxygen permeability, in vitro degradation, release of Ag+, and antibacterial properties were evaluated using various experimental methods. Results indicated that the novel wound dressing has the capability to evenly distribute Ag NPs to effectively counteract bacteria. It can maintain moist conditions for 86 h, resist a sturdy mechanical pressure of 11.3 KPa, and degrade by 11.045 % ± 0.429 within 8 h. Combining its efficient gas exchange abilities, self-repairing function, and biocompatibility, almost full recovery was observed in injured mouse skin within 13 days, highlighting its promising clinical utility. [Display omitted] • Novel ORC/CS/Lys@Ag NPs hydrogel dressing successfully developed. • In situ synthesis yields well-distributed nanosilver, ensuring antibacterial efficacy. • Introduction of lysine significantly promotes comprehensive wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A potent ionizable lipid nanoparticle and its lyophilization formulation was developed to efficiently co-delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA for genome editing. [Display omitted] CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology holds great promise for wide-ranging biomedical applications. However, the development of efficient delivery system for CRISPR-Cas components remains challenging. Herein, we synthesized a series of ionizable lipids by conjugation of alkyl-acrylate to different amine molecules and further assembled ionizable lipid nanoparticles (iLNPs) for co-delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA. Among all the iLNP candidates, 1A14-iLNP with lipids containing spermine as amine head, demonstrated the highest cellular uptake, endosomal escape and mRNA expression in vitro. Co-delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA targeting EGFP by 1A14-iLNP achieved the highest EGFP knockout efficiency up to 70% in HeLa-EGFP cells. In addition, 1A14-iLNP displayed passive liver-targeting delivery of Cas9 mRNA in vivo with good biocompatibility. Moreover, we developed a simple method of lyophilization-mediated reverse transfection of CRISPR-Cas9 components for efficient genome editing. Therefore, the developed 1A14-iLNP and the lyophilization formulation, represent a potent solution for CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, which might broaden the future of biomedical applications of both mRNA and CRISPR-based therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sc microalloying and isothermal multidirectional compression (IMC) are important methods to refine grains and improve the mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys. Herein, EBSD, SAXS and TEM have been carried out to investigate the effect of IMC and minor Sc on the microstructure, especially for grain boundary wetting, and mechanical properties of aged Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys by melting and hot compression process parameter optimization. The results show that the strength and plasticity can be obviously improved simultaneously by minor Sc addition and IMC. Especially, stripy GBs (one kind of typical GB complexion) have been widely observed for alloy samples after microalloying Sc and IMC, which indicates the occurrence of GB wetting for Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy. And the GB wetting degree gradually increases for alloys with only microalloying Sc, only IMC and (microalloying Sc + IMC). Combined with GB wetting, the formation of Al 3 (Sc, Zr) due to Sc addition could inhibit the motion of dislocation and grain boundary, which promotes formation and inhibit growth of recrystallized grains, leading to further grain refinement. Besides, GB wetting degree would affect the precipitate distribution, especially for grain boundary precipitates. Also, GB wetting probably promote grain bridging, which is beneficial to improve the yield strength and ductility of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys. The concurrent effect of grain refinement, the precipitate including finer Al 3 (Sc, Zr) particles, dislocation strengthening and grain bridging contribute to the simultaneous improvement of the strength and ductility of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys under IMC and Sc. This study provides a new understanding on microalloying Sc combined with IMC on the microstructure and properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloys. [Display omitted] • IMC and minor Sc induce nonlinear GB wetting of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy. • Sc, IMC and (Sc + IMC) cause gradually increased GB wetting degrees. • Minor Sc promotes formation and inhibits growth of recrystallization grain. • GB complexion transition affecting the mechanical properties of alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The correlation between process and microstructure for laser writing Cu/C composites has been established. • The electrochemical energy storage performance of Cu/C composites has been investigated. • The factors influencing the energy storage performance of the composites have been discussed. One-step laser written copper-carbon (Cu-C) composites are ideal for assembling supercapacitors, but their structuring-performance correlation remains unclear. In this study, the microstructure of written composites has been controlled by varying the laser power. Their electrochemical energy storage performance has been investigated and compared to reveal the contribution of each component. The porous carbon-rich (C-rich) structure, introduced by laser carbonization of the substrate, can provide abundant active sites for the Faraday reaction of the copper-rich (Cu-rich) structure. The continuous sintered Cu-rich structure, obtained by laser reduction of ionic precursor and in-situ joining, can ensure fast transfer of electrons in the composites. Owing to their synergistic effect, our optimal composite exhibits an excellent specific capacity of 107.2 C/cm2 at 1 mA/cm2. This study provides a theoretical reference for the development of high-performance supercapacitors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our research demonstrated the significance of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in early CRC diagnosis and screening using fast, easy and noninvasive fecal samples. • The two genes showed a high frequency of methylation in stool and could be candidate biomarkers for CRC diagnosis with stool-based approach, especially when combined. Recent studies have identified methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the diagnostic value of the combined two genes remains undefined. This study aims to investigate the methylation of SDC2 and NDRG4 in stool samples and their application in diagnosis of CRC. Five groups were enrolled in our study which consisted of CRC (n = 138), advanced adenomas (n = 27), polyp (n = 35), intestinal disease control (n = 150), and healthy individuals (n = 28). Methylation status of SDC2 and NDRG4 in fecal samples were tested with appropriate commercial kits. Primary data were collected and statistical analyses were performed. The positive rates of both SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation in stool samples of CRC group were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those of either group of advanced adenomas, or polyp, or intestinal disease or the healthy control. It was suggested that both methylated SDC2,NDRG4, SDC2/NDRG4 and age were independent risk factors for CRC. The sensitivity of SDC2 and NDRG4 for CRC diagnosis were 73.9 % and 63.0 %, respectively, while SDC2 combined with NDRG4 had a higher sensitivity of 85.5 %. The specificity of SDC2, NDRG4 and SDC2 combined with NDRG4 achieved 91.6 %, 88.3 % and 84.6 %, respectively. The AUC for methylated SDC2 and NDRG4 were 0.828 (95 % CI: 0.780–0.876) and 0.757 (95 % CI: 0.703–0.811), respectively. In contrast, SDC2 combined with NDRG4 improved the AUC to 0.850 (95 % CI: 0.807–0.893). This research confirmed the significance of detection of SDC2 and NDRG4 methylation by using noninvasive samples of stool. More importantly, attributing to their high level and frequency of methylation in stool, SDC2 and NDRG4 could be promising biomarkers for stool-based method for screening and early diagnosis of CRC, especially when combined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Journey to crime describes the spatial patterns of offenders from their residential area to the crime location. When compared to other research topics regarding urban crime, there is still a lack of research on journey to crime, especially in China, as a result of which the behavioural motivation of offenders cannot be comprehensively examined. Four typical types of crimes committed against property (pickpocketing, robbery, theft and burglary) were investigated in the Nanguan District of Changchun from 2010 to 2016. The results showed significant effects of the demographic characteristics of offenders and spatiotemporal factors on the journey to crime. In terms of the place of household registration, offenders from the central urban districts of Changchun tend to commit short‐distance local robbery, whereas those from the suburban counties tend to commit long‐distance non‐local crimes. With increasing population density, the proportion of local plunders increases directly. This study aims to encourage urban managers to rethink the governance of floating populations, and assist police in strengthening social security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lung cancer (LC) and breast cancer (BC) are the most common causes of brain metastases (BMs). Time from primary diagnosis to BM (TPDBM) refers to the time interval between initial LC or BC diagnosis and development of BM. This research aims to identify clinical, molecular, and therapeutic risk factors associated with shorter TPDBM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all diagnosed LC and BC patients with BM at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from 2016 to 2020. A total of 570 patients with LC brain metastasis (LCBM) and 173 patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for further analysis. BM free survival time curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors associated with earlier development of BM in LC and BC, respectively. Results: The median TPDBM was 5.3 months in LC and 44.4 months in BC. In multivariate analysis, clinical stage IV and M1 stage were independent risk factors for early development of LCBM. LC patients who received chemotherapy, targeted therapy, pulmonary radiotherapy, and pulmonary surgery had longer TPDBM. For BC patients, age ≥ 50 years, Ki67 ≥ 0.3, HER2 positive or triple‐negative breast cancer subtype, advanced N stage, and no mastectomy were correlated with shorter TPDBM. Conclusions: This single‐institutional study helps identify patients who have a high risk of developing BM early. For these patients, early detection and intervention could have clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits both pro‐ and anti‐tumor effects. Therefore, real‐time in vivo imaging and quantification of tumor NO dynamics are essential for understanding the conflicting roles of NO played in pathophysiology. The current molecular probes, however, cannot provide high‐resolution imaging in deep tissues, making them unsuitable for these purposes. Herein, we designed a photoacoustic probe with an absorption maximum beyond 1000 nm for high spatial quantitative imaging of in vivo tumor NO dynamics. The probe exhibits remarkable sensitivity, selective ratiometric response behavior, and good tumor‐targeting abilities, facilitating ratiometric imaging of tumor NO throughout tumor progression in a micron‐resolution level. Using the probe as the imaging agent, we successfully quantified NO dynamics in tumor, liver and kidney. We have pinpointed an essential concentration threshold of around 80 nmol/cm3 for NO, which plays a crucial role in the "double‐edged‐sword" function of NO in tumors. Furthermore, we revealed a reciprocal relationship between the NO concentration in tumors and that in the liver, providing initial insights into the possible NO‐mediated communication between tumor and the liver. We believe that the probe will help resolve conflicting aspects of NO biology and guide the design of imaging agents for tumor diagnosis and anti‐cancer drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]