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The term sinusoid refers to the characteristics of sine wave. Accordingly with the phase-shift of π /2 radians, a cosine wave is also said to be a sine wave. The analysis for sinusoidal response in circuit systems is an important problem in electrical engineering. One approach for this analysis is the use of the Augustin-Louis Cauchy Residue theorem, which is a powerful tool in complex analysis, can be applied to both passive and active circuits, and can be extended to non-linear circuits as well. Usually, Laplace transform or convolution or matrix or residue methods are used for the analysis of electric-networks. But, in this paper, we have applied residue theorem for the analysis of sinusoidal response of electric-network circuits using the residue approach which yields an expression for current or voltage. Here the nature of electric current depends upon the values of the passive elements present in the circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines a parametric constant voltage stabilizer, built on the basis of a high-speed magnetic transistor amplifier. In this case, the input value of the parametric stabilizer is DC voltage. The electrical circuit of a parametric constant voltage stabilizer is given, as well as the calculated and experimental characteristics of the parametric stabilizer. The differences in the calculated and experimental characteristics are caused mainly by the non-ideality of the transistor switches, as well as the hysteresis loops of the parametric stabilizer cores. With increasing frequency, master oscillator (MO) increases. Gbz.min and the level of stabilized output voltage. The calculation formula for the dependence of the output voltage on the parameters of the magnetic cores, on the resistance of the working circuit and on the frequency of the master oscillator is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the hybrid method to estimate state of charge (SOC) for lead acid battery and the recurrent neural network (RNN) technique in order to estimate the state of health of a li-ion battery. The hybrid method utilises (i) the Coulomb Counting Method, (ii) the Electrical Circuit Model, and (iii) a mathematical model based on the Peukert Law in order to estimate state of charge of battery. In this work, the method that is used to measure the internal resistance of the battery in order to determine the open-circuit voltage and approximate the State of Charge is provided. The LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) algorithm is used which is based on the recurrent neural network are to determine the State of Health (SOH) of a li-ion battery. Estimation of the battery's state of health can be derived from the NASA Li-ion battery dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Train interval control systems (SIRDP) contain channels for transmitting information, in particular, about the presence or absence of a train on a controlled section of the track, the integrity of the rails and the speed of a particular train in a particular track ordinate and at a particular time. In these channels, rail lines (RL) are used as communication lines. These lines operate under the most unfavorable operating conditions: low, time-varying insulation resistance, longitudinal asymmetry and the presence of interference from the traction current of the electric rolling stock. The reliable functioning of the SIRDP and the safety of train traffic largely depend on the quality of the functioning of the RL. Therefore, it is necessary to know exactly the dependence of the radar parameters on the environmental parameters that affect the quality of the functioning of the communication channels with the radar. The paper describes a method for registering signals and interference in radar with simultaneous analysis of environmental parameters automatically, that is, in the absence of observers. A functional diagram of a device for recording signals and interference in a rail line in automatic mode is considered. Fragments of electrical circuit diagrams are presented that implement automatic start and stop of the recorder, separation of the recorded signal realizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC motor operation with accurate position control marks a positive impact for the functioning of the motor driven system in the electric sector. Rotor position control aspect favours the necessity of precise movement of the connected load. In this paper, model predictive control algorithm drives the positioning control of DC motor and neural network using Newton-Raphson method trains the data in an orderly fashion to achieve desired output. Model predictive control tests the functioning of required position enabling DC motor operation through MATLAB program codings. The test results pose the necessity of position control in the system when compared to its absence. Plant model is designed using MATLAB/Simulink and the necessary training and testing is carried out using codings. Results picturize the need of stated algorithms for the accurate positioning of rotor and precise application of motor in an electric circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the performance of a supercapacitor (SC) under constant power loads is studied. The equivalent electrical circuit of a SC considered in this study takes advantage of its simplicity to obtain analytical solutions. The mathematical model of the SC neglects the transient response but, due to the consideration of a variable capacitance, it accurately reproduces the steady-state response for a wide range of charging/discharging power. The integration of the governing differential equation of the SC leads to a complex relationship between SC voltage and time. From this equation several explicit expressions (i.e., charging and discharging times, ohmic losses, efficiency, etc.) as a function of the SC voltage are derived. These variables are useful to size and define the energy management strategy of a SC or a bank of SCs in many constant power applications. The performance of a commercial supercapacitor that has been previously tested and modelled is analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the prototype study of IoT-based fault detection with a tracking device for a residential household. This project aims to design a prototype study of IoT-based fault detection with a tracking device for a residential household that encounters the fault problem and validates each functionality. This extends to presents the application of IoT in transmitting the data. ACS712 current sensor is used in this project as a sensing device to sense the value of current. By application, the types of faults can be sent in real-time conditions via node MCU. A fault detection system via IoT is used using the Blynk application displayed on a smartphone device. Certain areas of the residential household suffered power interruption due to their limited accessibility of personnel or the location of fault that occurred in a significantly narrowed area. Tracking the condition of the electrical circuit system and associated with this study can help the owner to determine the problem in an electrical circuit. In this paper, a prototype study of IoT-based fault detection with a tracking device for a residential household was successfully obtained using current sensors, buzzer, relays, Wi-Fi node MCU modules, and software application via Blynk condition of an electrical circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary focus of the present paper, substantiated with a great number of oscilloscopes diagrams, is on pulse width modulation signals from different electrical control systems used in cars. Pulse width modulation signals are widely used in automotive electrical circuits to control diverse actuators. And since they may be easily affected by their immediate environment, they are susceptible to faults. Simulations were carried out to test the most common control system faults caused by various factors with a strong impact on the electrical circuits. After simulating faults in automotive electrical circuits of control systems the signals are compared with those of the circuits with no faults and performed, further, are detailed analyses of the differences in the correspondent signal shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, different types of electrical circuits were modelled and their stochastic sources were computed for different kinds of sources using Caputo Fabrizio derivative. Numerical examples were given to support our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric (PENG) and Triboelectric (TENG) nanogenerators pave the way for extracting energy through mechanical motions of human. Among the two types of nanogenerators (NGs) the latter has attracted more attention towards harnessing energy. Experimentally it has been found that TENG's generate more output power, voltage and current as compared to PENG. Analysing these devices theoretically will not only saves our time but also helps us to optimize them to large extent as the performance of these devices is based upon their geometry, material, mode of operation, and designing of devices. In this paper using COMSOL Multiphysics Software we have theoretically compared the open circuit voltage Voc and short circuit charge QSC accumulation in sliding mode of TENG using different combination of polymers like for TENG I poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA): Kapton, for TENG II Polyamide (Nylon 6,6): poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) & for TENG III PMMA: PVDF used as pair of materials from Triboelectric series. It has been noticed that the Voc changes with material while Qsc is independent of it (keeping surface charge density constant). The variation in highest open circuit surface electric potential ranges from 1000-2400 Volts for the three TENGs while short circuit charge Qsc is same for all and is around 65 n C. Since the sliding mode of TENG has been considered therefore variation of both parameters with displacement is also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When all access to campus was closed to students to break the Covid-19 transmission, student learning activities at most Indonesian universities were moved to their homes (study from home), including activities related to practicum. Fortunately, many simulators (online and offline types) can help the educator improve teaching quality; these tools can support virtual practicum activities while studying at home, especially courses related to basic electrical circuits. However, various simulators may confuse the educators on which one is the most appropriate to use. Therefore, in this paper, we compare various electronic circuit simulators to see whether they can support the online practicum or not. The simulators are EasyEda, Circuit Simulator Applet, DCAC Lab, Circuit Lab, PartSim, TinkerCad, Proteus, Circuit wizard, Electronic Work Bench, MultiSIM, PSIM, TINA Spice, and Yenka. We only calculated and measured one electrical parameter for this study, which is "electrical voltage." In this case, we used a voltage divider circuit. Two scenarios were applied to explore this circuit: looking for the output voltage with fixed R1 and R2 and determining the value of R1 and R2 to produce the desired output voltage. The simulator's execution results (measured voltage) are then compared to the results of the theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers characteristic signs of electromagnetic processes at loss of control of rectifier-inverter converter arms used in AC locomotives with collector motors. Evaluation of the power converter serviceability is based on the analysis of energy indicators of the processes and values of harmonic components of the rectified voltage. To study the electromagnetic processes in the power circuit of electric locomotives, a method based on the calculation of transients using the Duhamel integral was used. An analysis of the effect of the phase angle of voltage control on the degree of energy output into the chain of traction motors is conducted. The boundary relations of odd harmonic components of voltage, which allow to fix the fact of thyristor arm control pulses skipping, are determined. Calculated values of ratios of certain harmonics of rectified voltage, allowing to identify the particular arm, which did not open according to the normal control algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When all access to campus was closed to students to break the Covid-19 transmission, student learning activities at most Indonesian universities were moved to their homes (study from home), including activities related to practicum. Fortunately, many simulators (online and offline types) can help the educator improve teaching quality; these tools can support virtual practicum activities while studying at home, especially courses related to basic electrical circuits. However, various simulators may confuse the educators on which one is the most appropriate to use. Therefore, in this paper, we compare various electronic circuit simulators to see whether they can support the online practicum or not. The simulators are EasyEda, Circuit Simulator Applet, DCAC Lab, Circuit Lab, PartSim, TinkerCad, Proteus, Circuit wizard, Electronic Work Bench, MultiSIM, PSIM, TINA Spice, and Yenka. We only calculated and measured one electrical parameter for this study, which is "electrical voltage." In this case, we used a voltage divider circuit. Two scenarios were applied to explore this circuit: looking for the output voltage with fixed R1 and R2 and determining the value of R1 and R2 to produce the desired output voltage. The simulator's execution results (measured voltage) are then compared to the results of the theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the task of developing a pulse generator, a power source for the power supply system of the electrostatic precipitators for the cotton gins. The calculation of the pulse power source was performed using the method of similarity. Experimental studies of the pulse generator with no-load and load characteristics at a constant frequency and constant excitation were carried out. The electrical circuit of the stand for the study of the characteristics of a periodically pulsed machine generator is given, and the implementation through adjusting the excitation voltage of the machine generator and smoothly adjusting the speed of the rotor using a primary DC motor to maintain the voltage at the output of the generator is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an attempt of implementation different controller units for selective analogous system. To realize this approach an electromechanical system involving spring and damper mechanical system associated with its analogy electrical system have been used. The combination of this analogy electrical circuit consists of series configuration involved resistor and capacitor elements. The mathematical models of these analogies systems have been obtained based on the essential of mechanical and electrical laws for each system. These mathematical models have been used to obtain the required transfer functions of the proposed analogous control system. Different controller units such as the conventional proportional, integral, derivative (PID-controller) and in the selective analogous control system. Each of these controller units has been designed to work independently and provide the demand control action for the simulation process that has been done via Matlab software package. A comparison between the obtained results has been carried out to investigate the best performance of the suggested analogous control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work present design and analysis of multilevel inverter topology using Z source network for Induction motor drive. Z source inverter have unique feature to boost the output voltage. Multilevel inverter generate output voltages with very low distortion even common mode voltage generate by multilevel inverter is low which reduces stress in the Induction motor bearing. Utilizing all these advantages of Z source and Multilevel Inverter technology this paper introduces a new electrical drive system for Induction motor. This Z source topology reduces two conversion stages to single stage which reduces complexity, overall cost and size of an electrical drive. PWM technique is used to controlled the switching Z source multilevel Inverter (ZSMLI). MATLAB/SIMULINK software is used for simulation. It was found that the designed electrical drive circuit offer less total harmonic distortion with proposed ZSI pulse width modulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar modules are generally modeled with equivalent electrical circuits for simulation, optimal operation and detailed study. In the lack of field test data, parameter estimation of the solar module model can be carried out using the manufacturer's data. This paper presents the use of a multi-trial vector-based differential evolution (MTDE) algorithm to estimate the parameter values of solar cells or modules. Information from the manufacturer is used as data in estimating the parameter values of the solar cells or modules model. Various types of commercial solar cells or modules are used for testing purposes. The minimum value of the difference between the actual value and the estimated value is used as an objective function to be achieved. The test results show that the MTDE algorithm can estimate the parameter values of the models accurately by producing the objective function value close to zero for all types of solar modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for solving a complex fully fuzzy linear system (FFLS), particularly applicable to electric circuits. The constructed method enables solving arbitrary coefficient of FFLS in the form of LR complex fuzzy numbers by applying associated complex linear system. Then, the solution of this system is obtained by using the inverse method. Consequently, a numerical example illustrates the application of a simple electric circuit in a fuzzy controller. Finally, the solution is verified by employing modified fuzzy arithmetic multiplication operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of on-line determination of the leakage occurrence moment of the main pipeline wall and its linear coordinate requires improvement of methods and diagnostic tools, which makes it certainly urgent. There is a number of advantages of acoustic diagnostic method within the framework of the task. The paper deals with development the method by application of electrodynamic analogies based on the classical theory of electric circuits. The paper gives a further advancement of the known approach to the electrodynamic modeling of the pipeline with leakage by the methods of the four-pole network theory with the view of obtaining quantitative estimates of the model. Results of experimental researches show that the obtained amplitude-phase coordinate characteristics can serve as an effective method for diagnosing the state of any dynamic system, including a pipeline with leakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the main regularities of changes in the electrochemical behavior of surfaces when using the EIS technique. It is found that the EIS technique in the galvanostatic environment is an efficient tool to study the pitting corrosion process. Optimal equivalent electrical circuits are proposed, reflective of the surface condition at different stages pitting corrosion propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issues of comparative analysis of the quality of speed-controlled electric drives with permanent magnet motors, which are most often used in complex technological machines. The functional and structural diagrams of drives of this type are presented, which are built according to circuits of different number of current circuits (with three current sensors, with one current sensor and without current sensors) used in automated production. Simulation of the operation of electric drives in accordance with the requirements of the standard has been carried out, which makes it possible to analyze the efficiency of a specific circuit. The results of circuit simulation of electric drives with valve electric motors, built according to various schemes, are presented. Conclusions on one of the main quality characteristics (pulsations at low speeds) of each of the considered schemes are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design and analytical study of tubular linear electromagnetic pulsing motor (EMPM) model with the high response characteristic to suit the electric vehicle (EV) application. The new tubular linear EMPM model based on the working principle of the reciprocating motion, which can eliminate problems related to internal combustion engines such as engine weight and friction where fewer components are used. In this paper, the tubular linear EMPM model has established a mathematical model by equivalent magnetic circuits and permeance analysis methods, which it the same technique as the electric circuit. Furthermore, the magnetic force of the coil and plunger rod was calculated; the design of the electromagnetic tubular linear EMPM is focused on engineering finite element analysis 3D Maxwell software. Finally, the simulation result of tubular linear EMPM are measured the plunger force is ~37.2KN, thrust is ~60Nm, plunger distance is 75mm, motor speed is ~7500RPM and power motor is ~12.3KW. at current supply 200A. Thus, the graph result shows the comparison between a theoretical and finite element of analysis tubular linear EMPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper demonstrates the possibility of controlling the dissipative properties of structures containing viscoelastic elements by adding piezoelectric elements, to the electrodes of which external electrical circuits are connected. On the basis of the results of solution to the problem of natural vibrations of piecewise-homogeneous electro-viscoelastic bodies with passive external electric circuits, an analysis of the effect of a shunted piezoelectric element on the damping coefficients of an electro-viscoelastic system was carried out. A two-layer shell structure is adopted as the object of research. The outer layer of the shell is made of elastic, and the inner one is made of viscoelastic materials. For the case of attaching resistive-shunted piezoelectric element it was shown that a resulting damping coefficient for the specified vibration mode is not a simple algebraic sum of damping coefficient obtained for a viscoelastic structure without piezoelectric element and the one obtained for an elastic structure with resistive-shunted piezoelectric element (in case when resistance of a shunting circuit is optimally chosen). At the same time, an attention is drawn to the fact that if the damping coefficient of the corresponding vibration mode decreases when only a piezoelectric element is connected, then even when a resistive circuit with optimal parameters is connected to it, the final damping coefficient for this vibration mode may be lower than that of a structure without a piezoelectric element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the operating parameters of the simplest power converters, which are obtained using analytical calculations, laboratory research and modern programming environments. Software application allows for more accurate time graphing of transient processes in electrical circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the sample La1-xSrxMn0.4Ti0.6O3 (x = 0.32, 0.34 and 0.38) has been fabricated using solid-state reaction method and its structural and electrical properties have been studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that the sample's structure was attributed to the cubic structure ("a" = 3.8968 Å) with space group Pm-3m and a volume of 59.17 Å3. The surface morphology shows the sample's grain and grain boundaries are well formed. As the strontium doping increase, merging between grains occurred. The electrical properties of the samples analyzed using the Cole-Cole Impedance possesses one semi-circle due to grain effect. A model using an electrical circuit has been purposed. The values of capacitance obtained are approximately 2 x10-10 F to 6 x10−10 F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper an RL electric circuit problem is solved by fuzzy sumudu transform method. The solution method of differential equation also described by FST with initial condition as ITF Numbers. It is discussed in different cases, Fuzzy numbers are taken for initial condition as generalized intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (GNFNs). Finally, with two numerical example of electrical circuit problems also given for understanding of this proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the objectivity of the description of electric charge transport in electrical circuits, in biological neurons and biological neuron-networks is discussed. It is shown that the use of Riemann-Liouville or Capito fractional order derivatives leads to the loose of the objectivity. This means that the quantitative description of the considered phenomena with the above mathematical tools depends on the observer; i.e. is not possible to reconcile observations of the process in a single, coherent description. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic Positioning is a control system that can maintain ship position to the object on the horizontal axis. With the degree of freedom of the ship, the Dynamic Positioning system maintains the position of the ship from sway and surge movements. With the degree of freedom of the ship, this system maintains the position from sway and surge movements. On its operation, there is closed bus and open bus where the open bus has advantages of reliability and closed bus have better fuel efficiency. The term short circuit fault is used to explain that the conductor is briefly connected. There are two values of short circuit current failure that must be evaluated. The maximum value of the short circuit current will be related to the short circuit current in the terminal around the protection device. The minimum value of this current is important to use when selecting the current-time curve for circuit breakers and fuses. On this paper, the author use impedance method that’s based on the IEC 60909 standard. Based on an experiment that held in laboratories, each load variation and scenario have their own trend value. The highest initial symmetrical short circuit current that obtains both on impedance method and conventional method were found at 2nd scenario and 60%-60% load variation, the value that obtains in impedance method is 2.5158 ampere and the value that obtain on with conventional method is 3.91 ampere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have been adopted into various applications such as navigation or positioning, consumer electronics, medical electronics. It provides low fabrication cost, lightweight and low-power chip-based accelerometers and gyroscopes. The signals for inertial measurement unit (IMU) is greatly depends on the sensor’s proper installment. Due to this fact, these low-cost sensors are in great need of a calibration procedure. This paper presents evaluation and calibration of an inertial measurement unit, Ultra-Miniature 6 (UM-6). An experimental setup has been developed for this purpose. The UM6 sensor was placed on the setup and the sensor frame rotating around the standard coordinate system. An electrical circuit was designed to connect the sensor with personal computer. An UART serial protocol was used for communication. Data acquisition system based on Visual C++ was used for archiving of the measurement data, whereas further data processing was performed in Origin Pro 8. This raw experimental data was placed on a mathematical equation for developing calibration data and compare it with sensor provided calibration data for evaluation. The algorithm is shown to give good results using data from the IMU units. The experimental maximum error was 10%, 16.67% and 18.18% for gyro calibration and 9.34%, 7.92% and 13.07% for accelerometer calibration consecutively x, y and z coordinates. Hence the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method of calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]