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Background: HTLV-I infected CD4+ T-cells lines usually progress towards a CD3- or CD3low phenotype. In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. Results: The onset of this phenomenon coincided with a decrease of CD3γ followed by the subsequent progressive reduction in CD3δ, then CD3ε and CD3ζ mRNA. Transient transfection experiments showed that the CD3γ promoter was still active in CD3- HTLV-I infected cells demonstrating that adequate amounts of the required transcription factors were available. We next looked at whether epigenetic mechanisms could be responsible for this progressive decrease in CD3 expression using DNase I hypersensitivity (DHS) experiments examining the CD3γ and CD3δ promoters and the CD3δ enhancer. In uninfected and cells immediately post-infection all three DHS sites were open, then the CD3γ promoter became non accessible, and this was followed by a sequential closure of all the DHS sites corresponding to all three transcriptional control regions. Furthermore, a continuous decrease of in vivo bound transcription initiation factors to the CD3γ promoter was observed after silencing of the viral genome. Coincidently, cells with a lower expression of CD3 grew more rapidly. Conclusion: We conclude that HTLV-I infection initiates a process leading to a complete loss of CD3 membrane expression by an epigenetic mechanism which continues along time, despite an early silencing of the viral genome. Whether CD3 progressive loss is an epiphenomenon or a causal event in the process of eventual malignant transformation remains to be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper describes the study protocol of a hybrid type I randomized controlled trial that evaluates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementing Empowering African-American Women on the Road to Health (E-WORTH), an Afrocentric, group-based, computerized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention intervention for controlled substance-using black women in community corrections settings in New York City.Methods/design: We provide an overview of E-WORTH's hybrid type I design, which is guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). E-WORTH combines HIV/STI and intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention components and tests the comparative effectiveness of E-WORTH and streamlined HIV testing versus streamlined HIV testing alone in decreasing biologically confirmed HIV and STI incidence, sexual risk, and IPV, as well as in improving access to HIV and STI prevention services and care.Discussion: This paper provides an overview of E-WORTH's intervention protocol and serves as a framework for using hybrid type I designs, guided by the CFIR conceptual framework, to evaluate HIV/STI and IPV prevention interventions in community corrections settings. We discuss how E-WORTH's hybrid type I design advances implementation science through its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness aims as well as through a mixed-methods study that evaluates multilevel theory-driven factors (structural, organizational, staffing, and client) guided by the CFIR that influences the implementation of E-WORTH in a criminal justice setting. This study also addresses the novel challenges and opportunities of implementing an intervention that targets specific racial subgroup(s) in a community corrections setting that services all populations, implementing a group-based intervention with technological components in such settings, and employing community-based participatory research strategies to guide recruitment and retention efforts.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02391233 . Registered on 17 March 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the paper "Bibliometric Description of the Literature on HTLV- 1 Registered in PubMed Over the Past Ten Years," by Kristien Verdonck and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Robust neutralizing activity and activation of neutrophil cytotoxic responses mediated by antibodies targeting the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) envelope glycoprotein," is presented.

An abstract of the paper "Development of a Molecular Platform for HTLV Confirmatory Diagnosis: Importance of the Internal Amplification Control," by Rodrigo Haddad and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the paper "Proteomic Profiling of HTLV-1 Infected T-cells for the Identification of Ppotential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/ Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Adult T-cell Leukemia," by Koji Ueda and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the paper "HTLV-1 Proviral Load of HAM/TSP Patients According to New Diagnostic Criteria of HAM/TSP," by Viviana N. Olavarria and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the paper "WHO Antibody Reference Panel for Donor Screening Assays that Detect Antibodies to Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) and Type 2 (HTLV-2)," by Erin Wigglesworth and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the paper "HTLV-I Proviral Load in Argentinean Subjects With Indeterminate Western Blot Patterns," by Andrea Mangano and colleagues that was presented at the 15th International Conference on Human Retroviruses: HTLV and Related Viruses in Leuven and Gembloux, Belgium from June 5-8, 2011 is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," HBZ (HTLV-1 bZip) impedes the Menin function and upregulates the transcription of the hTERT gene in leukemic cells," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," Cellular tropism exhibited by human T lymphotropic virus type 1the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and type 2 (HTLV-2) ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Prevalence of Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in blood donors, HTLV and HIV cohorts,"is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 p30 interacts with REGγ and ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated) to promote cell survival ," by Rajaneesh Anupam and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Xylosyltransferase 2, a protein encoded on chromosome 17q, is involved in the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) entry," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Cumulative kinetics of epigenetic abnormalities during initiation and progression of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The reverse genetics of HTLV-1 infected patients," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Mother-to-child transmission of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1):in vitro study of HTLV-1 passage across a tight human epithelial barrier," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Analysis of temporal expression of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2) reveals similarities and functional differences from HTLV-1 ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Tax-induced rapid senescence is mediated by both classical and alternative NF-kB pathways," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) Tax inhibits innate antiviral signaling via NF-kB-dependent induction of SOCS1," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"STAMBPL1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) Tax subcellular localization and NF-kB activation," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"APH-2 and Tax expression are correlated with a Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2(HTLV-2) proviral load but not with lymphocytosis," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," New insights into the Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) entry," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Direct detection of diverse metabolic changes in virally transformed and Tax-expressing cells by mass spectrometry," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 transcription and chromatin-remodeling complexes ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," MHC class II transactivator CIITA inhibits Tax-2- mediated the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2( HTLV-2) LTR transactivation and viral replication by binding to, and affecting Tax-2 intracellular localization," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Overexpression of SIRT1 and induction of apoptosis by its inhibition in adult T-cell leukemia cells," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," Cloned the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) modulates alternative splicing in CD4+ T cells in vivo," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) modulates alternative splicing in CD4+ T cells in vivo," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Stromal cells help ATL cells to escape from apoptosis induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The MHC-II transactivator CIITA, a viral restriction factor inhibiting the replication of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1(HTLV-1) ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1(HTLV-1) HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway via inhibition of GADD34," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and T-cell turnover by the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 13 (HTLV-p13)," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax directly modulates expression of the CDK6 and RNASET2 genes," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) evades Type 1 interferon antiviral signaling by inducing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) evades Type 1 interferon antiviral signaling by inducing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," HBZ inhibits the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of the cellular coactivators p300 and CBP ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," TP53 and p16INK4A mutations in adult-T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Bahia (Brazil) ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," Microsatellite instability in the smoldering form of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Brazil ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Host genetic factors associated to proviral load in Peruvian the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) HTLV-1 infected ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Tax ubiquitylation and SUMOylation control the dynamic shuttling of Tax and NEMO between Ubc9 nuclear bodies and the centrosome ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Expression and purification of the of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transforming protein Tax ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Integration cites of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) provirus in host human genome in the Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) patients with monoclonal integration ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Comparison of Tax-1 and Tax-2B posttranslational modifications using specific lysine mutants in relation to activation of NF-kB and intracellular localization ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 HTLV-1 bZIP factor enhances TGF-beta signaling through p300 coactivator," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 3 HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 antisense proteins begin JunB-, c-Jun- and JunD-dependent transcription ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"Interaction of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax with minichromosome maintenance proteins accelerates the replication timing program ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled,"The Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein inhibits nonsensemediated mRNA decay by interacting with INT6/EIF3E and UPF1 ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," Cytoplasmic and nuclear events controlling Tax-mediated activation of the NF-kB pathway: involvement of TNF-receptor associated protein 2(TAB2), IKKgamma/NEMO and calreticulin ," is presented.

An abstract of the research paper titled," IKKepsilon involvement in Tax-mediated activation of INF pathway ," is presented.