Search

Background: Colonoscopic enteral tube placement using current methods has some shortcomings, such as the complexity of the procedure and tube dislodgement. The magnetic navigation technique (MNT) has been proven effective for nasoenteral feeding tube placement, and is associated with reduced cost and time to initiation of nutrition. This study attempted to develop a novel method for enteral tube placement using MNT. Methods: The MNT device consisted of an external magnet and a 12 Fr tube with a magnet at the end. Ten swine were used, and bowel cleansing was routinely performed before colonoscopy. Intravenous anesthesia with propofol and ketamine was administered. A colonoscopic enteral tube was placed using the MNT. The position of the end of the enteral tube was determined by radiography, and angiography was performed to check for colonic perforations. Colonoscopy was used to detect intestinal mucosal damage after tube removal. Results: MNT-assisted colonoscopic enteral tube placement was successfully completed in all pigs. The median operating time was 30 (26–47) min. No colon perforation was detected on colonography after enteral tube placement, and no colonic mucosal bleeding or injury was detected after the removal of the enteral tube. Conclusions: MNT-assisted colonoscopic enteral tube placement is feasible and safe in swine and may represent a valuable method for microbial therapy, colonic drainage, and host-microbiota interaction research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases between 1990 and 2019, considering five etiologies (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, NAFLD and other causes), age, gender, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods: Data on liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2019. Results: In 2019, liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for 1,472,011 (95% UI 1,374,608-1,578,731) deaths worldwide, compared to 1,012,975 (948,941-1,073,877) deaths in 1990. Despite an increase in absolute deaths, the age-standardized death rate declined from 24.43 (22.93–25.73) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 18.00 (19.31–16.80) per 100,000 population in 2019. Eastern sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest age-standardized death rate (44.15 [38.47–51.91] per 100,000 population), while Australasia had the lowest rate (5.48 [5.05–5.93] deaths per 100,000 population in 2019). The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases attributed to hepatitis B virus has declined since 1990, but incidence rates for other etiologies have increased. Age-standardized death and DALYs rates progressively decreased with higher SDI across different GBD regions and countries. Mortality due to liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased with age in 2019, and the death rate among males was estimated 1.51 times higher than that among females globally. Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. Effective disease control, prevention, and treatment strategies should account for variations in risk factors, age, gender, and regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]