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Designers of heating systems and planners of the district heating consider large number of variables that influence the final proposal of the system which will meet the heating needs. Size of the system and investment costs depends on different parameters but are mostly influenced by the outside design temperature. Engineers are aware of the climate change influence but during design process they need either legal or scientific proof that they can use new/updated values of the design temperatures at the specific location. In this paper, an analysis of hourly air temperature values for the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) was conducted in the latest available 20 years dataset. Data on the outside air temperature were obtained by the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Five different methods were briefly explained and used for determination of the new design temperature for Sarajevo based on the period 2001-2020. Results of the analysis demonstrate that the currently valid and official outside design temperature was low and needs to be revised. As a small-scale example, calculation of the heating needs of one residential unit was made in order to demonstrate the influence of different design outside temperature on the heating needs. These numbers were then extrapolated on the district heating system and the benefits of the proposed approach were underlined. Performed analysis suggest an urgent change in the design temperature for all cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina as it was demonstrated on the example of Sarajevo in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of extreme precipitation, floods, and dry periods, according to all forecasts, will probably become more frequent both in Europe and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this reason, it is necessary to consider climate change when designing infrastructure facilities. Following this, this paper aims to assess the flow rate data based on the daily measured values obtained at the Reljevo hydrological station on the Bosna River. The analyses are conducted for two periods (1961-1990 and 2000-2010) to obtain the temporal distribution of relevant flow rate data. For observed periods, analysed data are compared, and the coincidence of hydrological parameters along the perceived changes is observed. Significant monthly and yearly variations are observed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to the flow rate data for observed periods. As a result, maximum flow rates are found in the summer period (March and April mainly), which should be considered in flood management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper was made a statistical analysis of the air temperature at the meteorological station in Sarajevo (Bjelave) in the period from 2000 to 2010. The method used for statistical analysis is the factorial experiment with two factors. The data used during this research were obtained from the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After analysis and processing data of air temperatures are given the cumulative values of mean air temperatures by years and months for the area of Sarajevo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, more and more scientists agree with the hypothesis concerning the raising of the planetary ocean level due to global climate warming and consequently due to glaciers melting. Therefore, as a consequence of climate change phenomenon, the Black Sea level is raising as well, which led to the loss of significant areas of land due to marine erosion, but also the production of some cracks and penetration of salt water into the Razelm - Sinoe freshwater ecosystem in Romania. This paper uses a mathematical tool, which addresses the maintenance of the ecological balance of freshwater ecosystem, the transit of freshwater through the Razelm - Sinoe hydrotechnical complex, and from here into the Black Sea, required to ensure the hydraulic gradient from freshwater to saltwater. This would help maintaining vegetation as natural means for protection against the sea erosion, as well as to attenuate the coastal energy of waves, so as to ensure the shielding role together with the other coastal engineering construction. Besides, the strong reed vegetation represents a natural element of protection of levees already made or those in process of development, and also a retention element of fine particles brought by waves at times when sea level is high. The mathematical algorithm used in this paper take into account the principle of fluid flows in porous media. The vegetation of littoral from Razelm - Sinoe ecosystem was considered a porous media. The research results show the capacity of the vegetation to attenuate the waves' energy in the study area. The mathematical model was especially conceived for a unique littoral area, which separates the Black Sea from Razelm - Sinoe ecosystem. The solution of protection exploits the natural environment; it is not expensive and falls into the natural-ecological aspect of the coastal zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some cases, rescuing people in danger with the help of autonomous evacuation devices is the only way to save their lives. This is true, in particular, for oil platform accidents, which nowadays result in a lot of victims. This paper describes a way to solve this problem using a group of rescue robots. Taking into account the specific character of organizing rescue missions in extreme conditions, the article considers general principles of group formation and dividing the group into subgroups with different functions. Autonomy of individual robots and robot groups, redundancy of robots and interchangeability are considered as ways of increasing reliability. Some general approaches to solving the key problems of evacuation are also stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a number of reports underlining ongoing temperature increase and precipitation pattern change in the world during the last decades. This paper presents the application of the statistical process control (SPC) methods to check whether the present changes are "statistically expected". The method is based on the comparison of the precipitation patterns from the 1961-1990 reference period with the recent precipitations from the 2000-2010 period in the Bihać area in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It can be inferred that the monthly precipitation patterns have changed; the minimum precipitation is shifted from January to July and the maximum from late autumn to late summer. Applying the criteria often used in the SPC methods for the assessment of "out of control" situations, it may be inferred that the observed changes in the total monthly precipitation are statistically expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper a resource-oriented perception and findings of sustainable management is presented. Our times are characterized by the growing complexity of the systems and their dynamic interactions. Firms that decide to act more sustainable have to bear in mind that they do not only need resources for economic activities today, but that they will need these tomorrow as well. This leads to contradictory management rationalities firms must deal with. The authors present a holistic view of the development, with changes and new directions in different production relating areas (materials and technology trends, energy trends, ecology and environment, organization, customers, products). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using internal combustion engines in driving auto vehicles depends on natural resources such petrol and gas, which have a significant environmental impact. Facing EURO5 and EURO6 demands it is need to improve fuel consumption and decrease harmful emissions. The most automotive manufacturers had developed new propulsions systems, as hybrid powertrains, to ensure the new regulations demands to reduce climate change by improving fuel economy. Using both an internal combustion engine and electric motor many research can be done to develop and optimize a hybrid electric vehicle. This paper aims to create different architectures for hybrid electric vehicles and to simulate their behavior during NEDC, using AMESim software, trying to find out the advantages and the disadvantages of a HEV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the choice of refrigerant cannot be base exclusively on efficiency. Environmental considerations and the expected future regulation of the use must be considere, too. The two main factors that are of concern to the environment are Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (The Greenhouse Effect (GWP). Marine refrigeration often uses R22. International regulations impose the substitution of this refrigerant from existing plants. Researches focus on developing new more environmentaly friendly refrigerants. This paper carries out an exergy analysis of the marine refrigerating plant when R 407C is used. This kind of analysis might be use also for other green refrigerants. The environmental assessment reveals that R 407C is a quite good option considering the climate change awarness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Representing one of the contemporary world's problems, the global warming is a complex phenomenon with inevitable, direct and indirect effects upon human health. The vulnerability indicators could become an important tool for an informational system, in order to estimation and quantification of the global warming effects related to the population health. In this' paper we pointed out important aspects related to an environmental vulnerability tools to climate change which the advantages and disadvantages associated. Furthermore we want to discuss the need for use of appropriate vulnerability indicators for an adaptative management system in Romania and improved development conditions in relation to climate change stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]