Search

Bovine mammary epithelial cells undergo an increase in metabolic rate, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress after calving. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis, plays crucial roles in the regulation of mitochondrial function. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of NFE2L2 on mitochondrial function in bovine mammary epithelial cells under hyperlipidemic conditions. Three experiments were conducted as follows: (1) the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T was treated with various concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA; 0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 m M) for 24 h to induce stress; (2) MAC-T cells were transfected with small interfering RNA targeting NFE2L2 (si-NFE2L2) and scrambled nontarget negative control (si-Control) for 48 h; and (3) MAC-T cells were pretreated with 10 μ M sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of NFE2L2, for 24 h followed by treatment with 1.2 m M FFA for an additional 24 h. Results indicated that exogenous FFA challenge induced linear and quadratic increases in concentrations of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with 0 m M FFA, mitochondrial membrane potential, mRNA abundance of oxidative phosphorylation complexes (CO I-V), protein abundance of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and NFE2L2 along with the contents of ATP, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and total mitochondria were greater in the MAC-T challenged with 0.6 m M FFA group, but lower in the 1.2 and 2.4 m M FFA cultures. Knockdown of NFE2L2 via small interfering RNA led to greater mitochondrial ROS content and lower mitochondrial membrane potential along with contents of ATP, mtDNA, and total mitochondria. The SFN pretreatment upregulated protein abundance of NFE2L2 and attenuated the downregulation of NFE2L2 induced by FFA. Pretreatment with SFN attenuated the downregulation induced by FFA of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM protein abundance along with contents of mtDNA and total mitochondria. Furthermore, SFN pretreatment attenuated the upregulation of mitochondrial ROS content, the downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the decreases in ATP, mtDNA, and mitochondrial content induced by FFA. Overall, data indicated that FFA inhibit NFE2L2, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Thus, NFE2L2 may be a promising therapeutic target against metabolic challenge-driven mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited visible light response range and fast recombination rate of photoinduced carriers restrict the photocatalytic performance of Bi 2 WO 6. Herein, a novel low temperature hydrothermal approach was developed to construct the Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 2 O 4 heterojunction with WO 3 and NaBiO 3 •2 H 2 O powders as precursors and the latter as the only bismuth source. During the hydrothermal reaction, WO 3 first reacts with NaBiO 3 · 2 H 2 O to generate Bi 2 WO 6 and then the residual NaBiO 3 ·2 H 2 O converts into Bi 2 O 4 , in-situ forming the Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 2 O 4 heterojunction with the co-shared Bi atoms. The content of Bi 2 WO 6 in the heterostructure can be facilely modulated by changing the amount of WO 3 added. The construction of Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 2 O 4 heterojunction could not only extend the spectral response range but also improve the separation efficiency of photoinduced charges. Consequently, the photocatalytic degradation performance to tetracycline (phenol) for the optimal Bi 2 WO 6 /Bi 2 O 4 heterostructure is 5.19 and 1.77 times (4.75 and 1.66 times) higher than that of single Bi 2 WO 6 and Bi 2 O 4 under visible light, respectively. The capture experiments of active species and electron spin resonance spectra demonstrate that radicals (·O 2 -) and holes (h +) are the first and second important active species, respectively, during the catalytic degradation. Our work provides a new idea for the fabrication of high-performance Bi 2 WO 6 -based junction photocatalysts. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ketosis is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by systemic and hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, as well as reduced milk yield. Because of the paucity of data on mammary responses during ketosis, the aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in oxidative stress, NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase apoptotic pathways in mammary gland of dairy cows with ketosis. Blood, mammary gland tissue, and milk samples were collected from healthy cows [Control, blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) <0.6 m M , n = 10] and cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK, blood concentration of BHB >1.2 m M and <3 m M , n = 10) or clinical ketosis (CK, blood concentration of BHB >3 m M , n = 10) at median 8 d in milk (range = 6–12). Compared with Control, serum concentration of glucose was lower (3.91 vs. 2.86 or 2.12 m M) in cows with SCK or CK, whereas concentrations of fatty acids (0.25 vs. 0.57 or 1.09 m M) and BHB (0.42 vs. 1.81 or 3.85 m M) were greater. Compared with Control, the percentage of milk fat was greater in cows with SCK or CK. In contrast, the percentage of milk protein was lower in cows with SCK or CK. We detected no differences in milk lactose content across groups. Compared with Control, activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were lower in mammary gland tissue of cows with SCK or CK. In contrast, concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were greater in cows with SCK or CK. Compared with Control, mRNA abundances of TNFA , IL6 , and IL1B were greater in mammary tissues of cows with SCK or CK. In addition, activity of IKKβ and the ratio of phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα to IκBα, and of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 to NF-κB p65, were also greater in mammary tissues of cows with SCK or CK. Subclinical or clinical ketosis also led to greater activity of caspase 1 and protein abundance of caspase 1, NLRP3, Bax, caspase 3, and caspase 9. In contrast, abundance of the antiapoptotic protein was lower in SCK or CK cows. The data indicate that the mammary gland of SKC or CK cows undergoes severe oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and poses at significant challenge in terms of effective medical treatment. Leonurus japonicus Houtt , a traditional Chinese herb, is widely used in China for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological disorders, including menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, blood stasis, postpartum bleeding, and blood-related diseases such as CVD. Stachydrine, the main alkaloid component of Leonurus, has been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-apoptotic, vasodilator, angiogenic promoter. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of CVD through regulation of various disease-related signaling pathways and molecular targets. In this comprehensive review, we examine the latest pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Stachydrine in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our aim is to solid scientific basis for the development of new CVD drug formulations. [Display omitted] • 1 STA can protect vascular endothelial cells from damage. • 2 STA can help to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) by inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte fibrosis, and anti-apoptosis. • 3 STA can also protect Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases, such as protect traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. • 4 STA has properties of good bioavailability, non-toxic and very low toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease represents a specific case of malfunctioning within a complex system. Whereas it is often feasible to observe and possibly treat the symptoms of a disease, it is much more challenging to identify and characterize its molecular root causes. Even in infectious diseases that are caused by a known parasite, it is often impossible to pinpoint exactly which molecular profiles of components or processes are directly or indirectly altered. However, a deep understanding of such profiles is a prerequisite for rational, efficacious treatments. Modern omics methodologies are permitting large-scale scans of some molecular profiles, but these scans often yield results that are not intuitive and difficult to interpret. For instance, the comparison of healthy and diseased transcriptome profiles may point to certain sets of involved genes, but a host of post-transcriptional processes and regulatory mechanisms renders predictions regarding metabolic or physiological consequences of the observed changes in gene expression unreliable. Here we present proof of concept that dynamic models of metabolic pathway systems may offer a tool for interpreting transcriptomic profiles measured during disease. We illustrate this strategy with the interpretation of expression data of genes coding for enzymes associated with purine metabolism. These data were obtained during infections of rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) with the malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi or P. coatneyi . The model-based interpretation reveals clear patterns of flux redistribution within the purine pathway that are consistent between the two malaria pathogens and are even reflected in data from humans infected with P. falciparum . This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Accelerating Precision Medicine through Genetic and Genomic Big Data Analysis edited by Yudong Cai & Tao Huang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) network is considered a promising alternative to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductive electrode (TCE). However, there are several intrinsic shortcomings such as rough surface topography, poor ambient and thermal stability still restrict their practical application. Here, we demonstrated a low temperature solution-processed composite TCE comprising of Ag NWs and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) could resolve above issues. The highest temperature in whole process is no more than 100 °C. By optimizing the density of Ag NWs together with the thickness of ZnO NPs layer, the composite TCE showed excellent flexibility, ambient and thermal stability (∼300 °C) as well as high electrical conductivity (∼20 Ω/sq) and good optical transparency (∼87% at 550 nm). In addition, the ZnO NPs capping layer reduced the surface roughness of Ag NWs network by more than half of its initial value. All the demonstrated properties show the Ag NWs/ZnO composite TCE would be an ideal choice in a variety of flexible optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air-cooling transport process of AZ31B magnesium alloy plate was investigated and carried out under different initial cooling temperatures and different sample sizes at a transport velocity of 0.3 m/s. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the actual industrial rolling production, a detailed analysis of the temperature distributed along both the width direction and the thickness direction under different conditions was performed. Through the processing of the experimental data, the emissivity of AZ31B plate in the air-cooling transport process, as an important heat transfer parameter, was modeled accurately. After that, based on the establishment of the emissivity calculation model, the empirical formula of Stefan-Boltzmann was modified and optimized to be the temperature control model for the air-cooling process in consideration of the heat transfer characteristics of magnesium alloy. Finally, combining the finite element numerical simulation and the experimental results, comprehensive heat transfer coefficient between the AZ31B plate and the external environment during the transport process was accurately defined and further fitted about the experimental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tetragonal columnar-shaped TiO2 (TCS-TiO2) nanorods are synthesized via a facile route for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). A novel electrochemical glucose biosensor is constructed based on the direct electrochemistry of GOx at TCS-TiO2 modified glassy carbon electrode. The fabricated biosensor is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectra and cyclic voltammetry. The immobilized enzyme molecules on TCS-TiO2 nanorods retain its native structure and bioactivity and show a surface controlled, quasi-reversible and fast electron transfer process. The TCS-TiO2 nanorods have large surface area and provide a favorable microenvironment for enhancing the electron transfer between enzyme and electrode surface. The constructed glucose biosensor shows wide linear range from 5.0×10−6 to 1.32×10−3 M with a high sensitivity of 23.2mAM−1 cm−2. The detection limit is calculated to be 2.0×10−6 M at signal-to-noise of 3. The proposed glucose biosensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, good reproducibility, and acceptable operational stability. Furthermore, the biosensor can be successfully applied in the detection of glucose in serum sample at the applied potential of −0.50V. The TCS-TiO2 nanorods provide an efficient and promising platform for the immobilization of proteins and development of excellent biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the size of an excised endometrioma and the magnitude of damage to the ovary after the surgery. Design: A retrospective, controlled study. Setting: A university hospital. Patient(s): Eighty-five women with a history of laparoscopic excision of unilateral endometrioma who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Intervention(s): IVF-embryo transfer procedures. Main Outcome Measure(s): Antral follicle counts (AFC), number of dominant follicles (follicles ≥15 mm), and number of oocytes retrieved. Result(s): In the group with cyst diameters of ≥4 cm and group with cyst diameters of <4 cm, the AFC, number of dominant follicles, and number of oocytes retrieved were decreased in the operated ovaries when compared with those in intact ovaries; in the former group, a statistically significant reduction was observed. The differences of AFC, number of dominant follicles, and number of oocytes retrieved from both ovaries were further compared among the two groups: the decrease in the group with cyst diameters of ≥4 cm was higher than in the group with cyst diameters of <4 cm. After adjusting for age and AFC in intact ovaries, similar results were obtained, although AFC only showed a tendency. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a statistically significant, positive correlation between the size of excised cysts and the incidence of fewer than four oocytes retrieved from an operated ovary. Conclusion(s): The magnitude of the ovarian damage after laparoscopic endometrioma excision might be related to the size of cyst; the damage to ovaries is more severe when an endometrioma ≥4 cm is excised. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There has been a tremendous amount of research in machine tool servomechanism control, contour control, and machining force control; however, to date these technologies have not been tightly integrated. This paper develops a hierarchical optimal control methodology for the simultaneous regulation of servomechanism positions, contour error, and machining forces. The contour error and machining force process reside in the top level of the hierarchy where the goals are to (1) drive the contour error to zero to maximize quality and (2) maintain a constant cutting force to maximize productivity. These goals are systematically propagated to the bottom level, via aggregation relationships between the top and bottom-level states, and combined with the bottom-level goals of tracking reference servomechanism positions. A single controller is designed at the bottom level, where the physical control signals reside, that simultaneously meets both the top and bottom-level goals. The hierarchical optimal control methodology is extended to account for variations in force process model parameters and process parameters. Simulations are conducted for four machining operations that validate the developed methodology. The results illustrate the controller can simultaneously achieve both the top and bottom-level goals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The material property is distributed non-symmetrically through the cross-section. • The FGM arch shows different stability performance from the homogeneous arch. • The temperature rise has an evident effect on the mechanical behavior of the FGM arch. • Numerical verification agrees well with the derived analytical predictions. • Parametric studies are conducted comprehensively. Several recent applications, i.e. space-structures and fusion reactors, involve the adoption of functionally graded materials (FGM) in their basic elements, such as the thin-walled cylinders, arches, beams, plates, and so on. These elements may be under a temperature variational environment due to the season's change, day and night temperature variation, or even fire disasters. The load capacity and/or buckling behavior of these thin-walled structures may be different from the ones only under mechanical loadings. Based on this fact, this study refers to the in-plane asymmetric buckling of the heated circular FGM arches under uniform pressure fields. The material of the FGM arch is thermo-elastic. A thermal radially-outward deflection occurs before the pressure field is introduced. This deflection may result in different buckling mechanisms from the arch under pure pressure loading. Analytical predictions on the buckling pressure are derived by combining the thin-walled shell schemes, admissible displacement functions, and the energy theory. Subsequently, a finite element simulation is introduced to trace the kinematic movement of the crown point. The pressure-displacement plots are obtained, from which, the buckling pressure is reachable. It is found the thermal field affects considerably the static stability of the FGM arch. Finally, a discussion refers mainly to the influence of material inhomogeneity on the buckling pressure, especially focusing on the influence of different power-law indexes on the internal forces, stresses, and strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals entering the human body could cause damage to a variety of organs. However, the combined harmful effects of exposure to various metals on liver function are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the independent and joint relationships between heavy metal exposure and liver function in adults. The study involved 3589 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Concentrations of urinary metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), thallium (Tl), tungsten (W), uranium (U), were determined in urine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data for liver function biomarkers included alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Survey-weighted linear regression and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) were employed to evaluate the relationship of urinary metals with the markers of liver injury. Cd, U and Ba were found to have positive correlations with ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP in the survey-weighted linear regression analyses. According to the qgcomp analyses, the total metal mixture was positively correlated with ALT (percent change: 8.15; 95% CI: 3.84, 12.64), AST (percent change: 5.55; 95% CI: 2.39, 8.82), GGT (percent change: 14.30; 95% CI: 7.81, 21.18), and ALP (percent change: 5.59; 95% CI: 2.65, 8.62), and Cd, U, and Ba were the main contributors to the combined effects. Positive joint effects were observed between Cd and U on ALT, AST, GGT and ALP, and U and Ba had positive joint effects on ALT, AST and GGT. Exposures to Cd, U, and Ba were individually associated with multiple markers of liver injury. Mixed metal exposure might be adversely correlated with markers of liver function. The findings indicated the potential harmful effect of metal exposure on liver function. [Display omitted] • Urinary Cd, U and Ba levels were positively associated with ALT, ASL, GGT, and ALP. • Combined metals exposure was positively associated with ALT, ASL, GGT, and ALP. • Urinary Cd and U, U and Ba had positive joint effect on liver function indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the number one cancer worldwide, and invasion and metastasis are still the main causes of death in breast cancer patients. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important site for the growth of tumor cells nourished by vascular networks, and various components of the TME interact strongly with cancer cells and are one of the important mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis. In recent years, many studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in the formation of TME and influence the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This paper reviews the basic characteristics and functional roles of LncRNA in breast cancer TME and introduces the various mechanisms of LncRNA in breast cancer microenvironment that induce breast cancer development and metastasis in three directions: immune cells, non-immune cells, and extracellular matrix in TME, providing potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for clinical practice. • The immune microenvironment in the tumor microenvironment is a research hotspot, focusing on lncRNA and immune regulation to explore the future of tumor immunotherapy. • The tumor microenvironment is not only a function of immune cells but also of non-immune cells and the extracellular matrix. By typing the tumor microenvironment, clinical treatment can be better guided and precision medicine can be achieved. • Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the number-one cancer worldwide. Summarizing the different molecular mechanisms is relevant to how to more precisely target breast cancer patients through molecular heterogeneity. • A summary of the molecular mechanisms by which aberrantly expressed LncRNAs in breast cancer affect breast cancer development through the tumor microenvironment is presented in the context of the tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of effective transition metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts performing well in alkaline environments remains challenging. In this study, ordered macroporous ZIF-8 @C supports were prepared via carbonization using polystyrene microspheres as templates, and transition metal oxygen reduction catalysts (M-N x /OMC; M = Fe, Co, and Mn) were prepared by loading metalloporphyrins and carbonization. Among the catalysts prepared, Fe-N x /OMC exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity under alkaline conditions, the half-wave (0.911 V) and initial (0.960 V) potentials are 80 and 60 mV higher than that of Pt/C respectively. In addition, the specific capacity of the zinc–air battery (ZAB) catalyzed by Fe-N x /OMC reached 751 mAh g−1, which is 84 mAh g−1 higher than that of the ZAB catalyzed by Pt/C. The superior catalytic ORR activity is attributed to the hierarchical porous structure, which may have more exposed active centers in the carbon materials and improved mass-transfer efficiency. This study offers a new method for preparing high-performance carbon-based metal–organic framework electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • Macropore ZIF-8 frameworks were prepared using polystyrene sphere template. • Ordered macroporous structure provides rapid mass transport. • Fe-N x -OMC exhibits remarkable ORR performances in alkaline media. • Zn-air battery assembled using Fe-N x -OMC exhibits excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism and sensitivity of long period fiber gratings (LPFG) corrosion sensor, which is made by coating LPFG with an inner layer of silver and an outer layer of Fe-C, are investigated in this study. Two silver and three Fe-C thicknesses were considered. Results indicate that a linear relationship is present between the change in the resonant wavelength and the mass loss of the outer Fe-C layer within certain ranges. The corrosion sensitivity and service life of LPFG corrosion sensor depend on the thickness of both silver and Fe-C layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its mechanism discovery in 2012 and the first application for mammalian genome editing in 2013, CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the genome engineering field and created countless opportunities in both basic science and translational medicine. The first clinical trial of CRISPR therapeutics was initiated in 2016, which employed ex vivo CRISPR-Cas9 edited PD-1 knockout T cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. So far there have been dozens of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in regard to using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing as the main intervention for therapeutic applications; however, most of these studies use ex vivo genome editing approach, and only a few apply the in vivo editing strategy. Compared to ex vivo editing, in vivo genome editing bypasses tedious procedures related to cell isolation, maintenance, selection, and transplantation. It is also applicable to a wide range of diseases and disorders. The main obstacles to the successful translation of in vivo therapeutic genome editing include the lack of safe and efficient delivery system and safety concerns resulting from the off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic applications of in vivo genome editing mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Following a brief introduction of the history, biology, and functionality of CRISPR-Cas9, we showcase a series of exemplary studies in regard to the design and implementation of in vivo genome editing systems that target the brain, inner ear, eye, heart, liver, lung, muscle, skin, immune system, and tumor. Current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-enabled therapeutic in vivo genome editing are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The annular swirling flow reactor excels in liquid–liquid mixing. • Conical structure effectively inhibits attenuation of swirling flow intensity. • Main mass transfer region of the reactor is near the central conical wall. • The swirling flow reactor exhibits superior crystal preparation capability. • In reaction crystallization, the swirling flow reactor shows unique potential. This study investigates the performance of an annular conical swirling flow reactor in liquid–liquid reactions for the preparation of inorganic salt particles. Utilizing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, it was observed that the conical design effectively inhibited the attenuation of swirling flow intensity along the axial direction, with the primary mass transfer region close to the central conical wall. In comparison to a stirred reactor, calcium carbonate particles synthesized in the swirling flow reactor exhibited more uniform morphology, smoother and defect-free surface. Notably, the average particle size remained consistently within 5–6 μm (excluding the 0.3 M feedstock), whereas stirring led to particles with an average size ranging from 8-11 μm. Analysis of the residence time distribution curve revealed minimal back mixing in the swirling flow reactor, ensuring nearly equal growth time for salt particles, thus yielding particles with a uniform size distribution. As a result, the swirling flow reactor presents compelling prospects for applications in reactive crystallization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Mn content multicomponent olivine phosphate LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.1 − x Co x PO 4 /C ( x = 0, 0.05 and 0.1) are synthesized by two-step solid-state method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectra, XPS, electron microscopy and electrochemical measurements. Upon substitution, the cell volume decrease as a result of the smaller ionic radii of Fe 2+ and Co 2+ compared to Mn 2+ . Structural analysis demonstrates that Fe and/or Co substitution decrease the Mn–O and P–O bond length and increase the Li–O bond length, leading to enhanced physical stability and expanded Li diffusion channels. The Fe 2+ and/or Co 2+ substituted LiMnPO 4 is found to have improved kinetics, lithium storage performance, and electronic conductivity during electrochemical reaction. In particular, LiMn 0.9 Fe 0.05 Co 0.05 PO 4 /C delivers a capacity of 145 mA h g −1 at a current of 0.05 C and exhibits enhanced capacity retention compared to that of unmodified LiMnPO 4 /C. The enhanced electrochemical performance of co-substituted LiMnPO 4 is attributed to the enhanced physical stability, the favorable delithiation/lithiation induced by previous redox reaction of Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and Co 2+ /Co 3+ and the improved electric/ionic transport properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial fibrosis can induce cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Great attention has been paid to traditional chinese medicine (TCM) 's effectiveness in treating MF. Radix Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Radix Astragalus mongholicus Bunge ultrafiltration extract (RAS-RA), which is a key TCM compound preparation, have high efficacy in regulating inflammation. However, studies on its therapeutic effect on radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) are rare. In this study, RAS-RA had therapeutic efficacy in RIMF and elucidated its mechanism of action. First, we formulated the prediction network that described the relation of RAS-RA with RIMF according to data obtained in different databases. Then, we conducted functional enrichment to investigate the functions and pathways associated with potential RIMF targets for RAS-RA. In vivo experiments were also performed to verify these functions and pathways. Second, small animal ultrasound examinations, H&E staining, Masson staining, transmission electron microscopy, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western-blotting, Immunohistochemical method and biochemical assays were conducted to investigate the possible key anti-RIMF pathway in RAS-RA. In total, 440 targets were detected in those 21 effective components of RAS-RA; meanwhile, 1,646 RIMF-related disease targets were also discovered. After that, PPI network analysis was conducted to identify 20 key targets based on 215 overlap gene targets. As indicated by the gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis results, inflammation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways might have important effects on the therapeutic effects on RIMF. Molecular docking analysis revealed high binding of effective components to targets (affinity < −6 kcal/mol). Based on experimental verification results, RAS-RA greatly mitigated myocardial fibrosis while recovering the cardiac activity of rats caused by X-rays. According to relevant protein expression profiles, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was important for anti-fibrosis effect of RAS-RA. Experimental studies showed that RAS-RA improved cardiac function, decreased pathological damage and collagen fiber deposition in cardiac tissues, and improved the mitochondrial structure of the heart of rats. RAS-RA also downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. Additionally, RAS-RA improved the liver and kidney functions and pathological injury of rat kidney and liver tissues, enhanced liver and kidney functions, and protected the liver and kidneys. RAS-RA also increased PI3K, AKT and mTOR protein levels within cardiac tissues and downregulated α-SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III. The findings of this study suggested that RAS-RA decreased RIMF by suppressing collagen deposition and inflammatory response by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Thus, RAS-RA was the potential therapeutic agent used to alleviate RIMF. A flowchart based on network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Elemental and B isotopic compositions in tourmalines suggest that fluids were unsaturated during the evolution of the CKBS barren pegmatites. • The ratios of Mn/Zn, Mn/Li, Sc/Li and Nb/Sc of tourmalines are useful geochemical criteria for distinguishing the CKBS fertile from the CKBS barren pegmatites. • (Zn + Li) - (V + Sr), Li-Zr/Sr, Sn/10Nb-Li-100Nb and Zn/Sn-Li/10Sc-5Sc are potential elemental groups for discriminating tourmalines of granite-derived pegmatite-type Li-Be deposits from those of other geological environments. To assess the potential of tourmaline as an indicator for pegmatite evolution and exploration, we measured and compared the geochemical compositions in tourmalines of the barren, Be-rich and Li-rich pegmatites from the Chakabeishan (CKBS) deposit, eastern North Qaidam Tectonic Belt, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Two types of tourmalines from the barren pegmatites are identified: optically homogeneous fine-grain tourmalines (H-Tur) and optically zoned coarse-grain tourmalines (OZ-Tur). Both H-Tur and OZ-Tur are of magmatic origin, showing high Na/(Na + Ca) (0.961–0.990), Y Al (0.389–0.757 apfu) and low Mg/(Fe + Mg) (0.085–0.230). The core-to-rim δ 11B increase within H-Tur and OZ-Tur, together with the enrichment of 11B from H-Tur (crystallized earlier) to OZ-Tur, indicates that fluids were unsaturated in the evolution of barren pegmatites. Compared to H-Tur and OZ-Tur, tourmalines from the Be- and Li-rich pegmatites show higher Nb/Sc (>3:4) and lower Mn/Zn (<1:1), Mn/Li (<3:1), and Sc/Li (<1:500), which are useful indirect criteria of distinction between the fertile and the barren pegmatites. The reliable tourmaline geochemical criteria for further distinguishing the Li-rich from the Be-rich pegmatites are Pb/Sr < 0.11, Nb/Sr < 0.15, and Pb/Co < 4. A compilation suggests that diagrams of (V + Sr)-(Li + Zn), Li-Zn/Sr, Sn/10Nb-Li-100Nb, and Zn/Sn-Li/10Sc-5Sc could discriminate tourmalines of granite-related pegmatite-type Li deposits from those of other deposits and rocks, showing implications for determining prospective areas for further Li-rich pegmatite exploration by using tourmalines recovered from surface sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the effect of homogenization treatment on the phase composition and chemical distribution of MoNbTa-based refractory multi-component alloys, the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and homogenized (MoNbTa) 6 Ti x V y (x + y = 4) alloys were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mechanics performance tests. Besides, the theoretical elastic properties and bonding behavior were analyzed by the first principle calculations. The results show that except for (MoNbTa) 6 Ti 2.5 V 1.5 alloy, there are no obvious differences of crystal structures between other as-cast and homogenizing alloys. The lattice constants of (MoNbTa) 6 Ti x V y alloys increase with the increase of Ti content, while the lattice constants of alloys decrease after homogenization treatment. Typically (Mo, Ta)-rich dendritic and (Ti, V)-rich interdendritic morphologies are observed, and the atoms would diffuse during the homogenization process resulting in the uniform composition. The as-cast (MoNbTa) 6 Ti 2 V 2 alloy exhibit the largest values of compressive strength, plasticity, and hardness in these alloys. Following homogenization, the mechanical properties of (MoNbTa) 6 Ti x V y alloys decrease significantly. The results of first principles reveal that the covalent bonding interactions between Ti and V atoms are stronger than that between Mo and Ta atoms in these MoNbTa-based refractory multi-component alloys. • All as-cast and homogenized (MoNbTa) 6 Ti x V y alloys are composed mainly of a single solid solution with BCC structure. • For the mechanical properties of as-cast (MoNbTa) 6 Ti x V y alloys, the addition of Ti is better than that of V. • The bonding behavior between Ti and V atoms presents a stronger covalent interaction than that between Mo and Ta atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–nanoflake-like SnS2 nanocomposite were designed for immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx). The direct electrochemistry of GOx and glucose sensing at MWCNTs–SnS2 modified glassy carbon electrode were studied. Compared with single MWCNTs or SnS2, the MWCNTs–SnS2 film has larger surface area and provides a more favorable microenvironment for facilitating the electron transfer between enzyme and electrode surface. The properties of GOx/MWCNTs–SnS2 were examined by scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The immobilized enzyme on MWCNTs–SnS2 composite film retained its native structure and bioactivity and showed a surface controlled, reversible two-proton and two-electron transfer reaction with a apparent electron transfer rate constant of 3.96s−1. The constructed glucose biosensor exhibits wider linear range from 2.0×10−5 M to 1.95×10−3 M, much lower detection limit of 4.0×10−6 M at signal-to-noise of 3 and higher sensitivity of 21.65mAM−1 cm−2 than our previous nanoflake-like SnS2-based glucose sensor. The proposed biosensor has excellent selectivity, good reproducibility, and acceptable operational stability and can be successfully applied in the reagentless glucose sensing at −0.43V. This MWCNTs–SnS2 composite provides a new avenue for immobilizing proteins and fabricating excellent biosensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Hydrodehalogenationof o -haloanilides. • Good regioselectivity to 2-Br and 2-I. • High yields and functional group tolerance. In present work, we have explored a Cu(acac) 2 /vasicine-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation methodology of o -haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source and solvent. The catalytic system could selectively dehalogenate 2-Br and 2-I, and features regioselective, efficient and functional group tolerance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-powered solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are gaining increasing recognition as green, efficient, and sustainable devices, representing a development trend in the evolution of next-generation optoelectronics. Much efforts have been devoted to carbon-based materials for their excellent conductivity. Among these materials, commercial carbon fiber sheets stand out due to their distinctive 3D structure, impressive conductivity, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility, rendering them highly suitable for a wide range of photosensitive applications. The realm of flexible optoelectronic devices has garnered substantial interest owing to its pivotal role in diverse domains. However, the utilization of carbon cloth (CC) as a substrate for photodetectors remains an area ripe for exploration. This study aims to fabricate self-powered solar-blind UV photodetectors based on amorphous Ga 2 O 3 (a -Ga 2 O 3) thin films modified CC using a concise and efficient physical vapor deposition technique (magnetron sputtering). The results show that the optimal responsivity of the a- Ga 2 O 3 /CC photodetector is 16.98 mA/W, with response times of 0.16/0.10 s (rise/decay time). Even after 300 cycles of bending treatment, this self-powered photodetector maintains excellent cyclic stability and repeatability. Furthermore, first-principles calculation reveals a significant built-in electric field around the interface between a- Ga 2 O 3 and CC, which can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes and suppress carriers' recombination. This inherent mechanism allows the a- Ga 2 O 3 /CC-based photodetector to exhibit remarkable self-powered characteristics and prominent solar-blind detection ability. • Self-powered solar-blind UV photodetectors was fabricated based on amorphous Ga 2 O 3 thin films modified carbon cloth. • Even after 300 cycles of bending treatment, the photodetector maintains excellent cyclic stability and repeatability. • The self-powered solar-blind photodetector has a fast response characteristic that τ r is 0.16 s, and τ d is 0.10 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • We synthesize a novel bimodal excitation N-CDs for ratiometric sensing of 4-NP. • Excitation-based ratiometric method has a low LOD of 0.083 µM from 0.083 to 80 µM. • A 3D printed self-calibrating sensing platform is designed for visual 4-NP detection. • We combine the as-designed device and smartphone to realize practical determination. • This work is conducive to the industrial production of consumer-friendly sensors. For facile and rapid detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), we synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) through microwave radiation treatment using melamine and o-phenylenediamine as precursors. We employed N-CDs as an ingenious ratiometric fluorescence sensor via a novel bimodal excitation behavior. As the concentration of N-CDs increases, the broad excitation peak splits into two excitation peaks. The blue-shift phenomenon appears at the short-wavelength excitation peak, while the long-wavelength excitation peak presents the red-shift. Consequently, 4-NP can be sensitively detected by N-CDs owing to the localization of inner filter effect (L-IFE) with the detection limit of 83 nM ranging from 0.083 to 80 µM. Moreover, a self-calibrating on-site sensing platform constructed by 3D printing technique realizes the visual 4-NP detection in actual samples based on bimodal excitation behavior and RGB analysis. Our work not only presents a novel perspective for visual 4-NP sensing, but also renders the integration of 3D printing technology and the CDs industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death (PCD) that is regulated by the Gasdermin protein family in response to various stimuli, playing a critical role in the development of tumor therapy strategies. However, cancers are generally known to escape from PCD via immunosuppressive pathways or other resistant mechanisms. In this study, an acid-responsive Fe/Mn bimetal-organic framework nanosystem carrying metal ions and immune adjuvant R848 (FeMn@R@H) was designed for combining pyroptosis and augmented immunotherapy. The FeMn@R@H would be triggered to disintegrate and release Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby initiating Fenton-like reactions for ROS-mediated pyroptosis. On the one hand, the pyroptosis-caused cell rupture would induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and immunogenic constituents from tumor cells, further resulting in immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote antitumor immune responses. On the other hand, the co-delivered R848 could reverse suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and induce inflammatory responses by activating the TLR7/8 pathway. In conclusion, this tumor-specific therapy system can co-deliver metal ions and R848 to tumor tissues to perform pyroptosis-mediated PCD and augmented anti-tumor immunotherapy. A tumor microenvironment-responsive Fe/Mn bimetal-organic framework nanosystem (FeMn@R@H) was designed to simultaneously deliver the therapeutic metal ions and immune adjuvant R848 for tumor treatment via combing the pyroptosis-induced immunogenic effects and the TLR7/8 pathway-augmented immunotherapy to overcome the immune compensate regulation and the intrinsic immune escape mechanism of tumors. [Display omitted] • The FeMn@R@H was developed to deliver the therapeutic metal ions and R848. • The FeMn@R@H enhanced tumor treatment via pyroptosis and immunotherapy. • The FeMn@R@H generated ROS to activate the NLRP3 signaling pathway for pyroptosis. • The pyroptosis resulted in ICD effect to activate antitumor immune responses. • The loaded R848 in FeMn@R@H augmented immunotherapy by activating TLR7/8 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exogenous molecules derived from catabolic states (e.g., fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate) during periods of stress such as the periparturient period or pathogen challenges [e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] can trigger an inflammatory response in tissues such as the liver and the mammary gland. Butyrate is one of the major short-chain fatty acids produced in the rumen, and work with non-ruminants has demonstrated that it can alter inflammatory processes. The primary objective of this study was to explore the preventive effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on LPS-induced inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells along with underlying molecular mechanisms. Immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were treated with SB (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5 m M) or with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA; 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 n M) for 18 h, followed by a challenge with 1 µg/mL LPS for an additional 6 h. Pretreatment with SB prevented increase in apoptosis of LPS-challenged MAC-T cells in a dose-dependent manner. The LPS treatment upregulated mRNA abundance of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA), interleukin-6 (IL6), and interleukin-1B (IL1B), whereas inhibition of histone deacetylase with TSA dampened this effect. More importantly, SB had clear dose-dependent effects on the inflammatory response by preventing upregulation of TNFA , IL6 , and IL1B. Furthermore, pretreatment with TSA or SB attenuated the downregulation of histone H3 acetylation protein abundance induced by LPS. The greater ratio of p-IκB α/IκB α and p-p65/p65 protein abundance and the increase in nuclear localization of NF-κB p65 protein in response to LPS were attenuated by pretreatment with SB. Overall, the data indicated that exogenous SB alleviates mammary cell pro-inflammatory responses partly through post-translational mechanisms that diminish NF-κB signaling. Thus, the cytoprotective effect of SB against an inflammatory challenge might represent a preventive tool to help the mammary gland against pathogens such as those causing mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Origins and ore-forming processes of Fe mineralization were revealed by apatite. • The ore-forming fluids were high-fluorine fluids. • The fluorine promoted iron leaching from wallrocks. • Fluid metasomatism contributed to elevate and lower Fe grade, respectively. Apatite commonly contains abundant halogens and trace elements, which can occur in both the magmatic and hydrothermal stages, becoming favorable for recording the magmatic-hydrothermal properties and processes. Skarn-type iron deposits associated with high-Mg diorites are widespread in the Luxi Block, eastern North China Craton. Their ore-forming processes, especially how the different wallrocks (limestones and dolomites) controlled the formation of high-grade iron ores, have been poorly constrained. To unravel the mechanisms, in this contribution, in-situ textural, geochronological (U-Pb dating) and geochemical (halogens and trace elements) analyses by SEM, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS were conducted on apatite from the representative Fe skarn deposits (Jinling and Zhangjiawa deposits) in the Luxi Block. Three generations of apatite were identified in the Jinling deposit, which occur in the feldspathization (Ap1), garnet–pyroxene skarns (Ap2) and massive magnetite ores (Ap3), respectively. One generation of apatite occurring in the massive magnetite ores (Ap-3) was identified in the Zhangjiawa deposit. The Ap2 and Ap-3 apatite grains show patchy textures composed by residual bright zones (Ap2a and Ap-3a) and newly-formed grey to dark zones (Ap2b and Ap-3b), which indicate fluid metasomatism. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating shows that the Ap1, Ap2a and Ap3 apatite in the Jinling deposit formed at 130.4 ± 0.9 Ma (2σ), 128.5 ± 2.4 Ma and 128.3 ± 9.2 Ma, respectively, whereas the Ap-3a in the Zhangjiawa deposit formed at 128.1 ± 4.2 Ma. These ages are well consistent with the intrusive ages of the spatially associated high-Mg diorites within errors, corroborating the ore-forming fluids originating from the high-Mg rocks. All the studied apatite grains show F/Cl ratios higher than 1, especially in the early-stage apatite (e.g., 5–19 in Ap1), indicating that the originally exsolved fluids were enriched in F. The high F contents probably played a significant role in leaching Fe from the high-Mg rocks by enhancing rock porosities. The Eu/Eu* ratios of apatite increase from Ap2a to Ap3 while the Ce/Ce* ratios decrease. This suggests an increase of oxygen fugacity. The Sr concentrations in Ap3 are much higher than those in Ap-3a, correlating well with the wallrocks that limestones are developed in the former while dolomites in the latter. The above features indicate that fluid-rock interaction likely led to the increase of oxygen fugacity, which controlled the massive Fe deposition. In the Jinling deposit, the altered apatite grains (Ap2b) show much lower REE + Y but higher F contents than those of the unaltered (Ap2a), not only indicating the REEs being easily mobilized during metasomatism, but also suggesting that the high F contents likely contributed to the formation of high-grade ores by leaching additional Fe from the previously formed Fe-rich skarns. In the Zhangjiawa deposit, the altered apatite grains (Ap-3b) shows lower Cl contents than those of the unaltered (Ap-3a). This probably indicates the mixing of low-salinity fluids (e.g., recycling meteoric water), leading to the loss of Fe and thus lowering the Fe grade. The above results indicate that metasomatism is common in the skarn deposits, which can either elevate or lower the metal grade. The processes can be well recorded by apatite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other dual-frequency acoustic applications, melt-treatment with dual-frequency ultrasound was less researched, especially in magnesium field. In this present work, traditional single-frequency ultrasonic field (SUF) treatment and dual-frequency ultrasonic field (DUF) treatment were used to refine the as-cast microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of the ZK60 (Mg–Zn–Zr) magnesium alloy. The influences of DUF on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically investigated, and the cavitation bubble’s dynamic behaviors were investigated by numerical simulation. α-Mg grains and second phases were dramatically refined by introduced ultrasound, and DUF showed higher refinement efficiency than SUF. The DUF treatment promoted the formation of small α-Mg globular grains and changed the distribution and morphology of MgZn 2 phases. Mechanical properties of the as-cast alloy were much promoted with DUF. Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased to 153 MPa, 239 MPa and 13.9% respectively after 1400 W DUF treatment, which were 30.8%, 42.3% and 58.0% higher than the values obtained from untreated samples and 20.5%, 20.7% and 30.0% higher than 1200 W SUF treated samples. The DUF can generate more and larger cavitation bubbles, and make more bubbles into instantaneous bubbles, improving refinement efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most devastating malignancies in patients, and there is an urgent need for an effective treatment method. Herein, we report a novel gold nanocluster-based platform for confocal laser endomicroscopy-guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) for PDAC, which consists of four components: the PTT-carrier gold nanocluster, an active targeting ligand U11 peptide, a Cathepsin E (CTSE)-sensitive PDT therapy prodrug, and a CTSE-sensitive imaging agent (cyanine dye Cy5.5). Due to the strong coupling among cross-linked gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the surface plasmon resonance peak of nanoclusters shifts to the near-infrared (NIR) region, thus making the nanoclusters useful in the effective PTT therapy. In the system, the labeling of nanoclusters with U11 peptide can distinctly increase their affinity and accelerate their uptake by pancreatic cancer cells. Cell apoptosis staining demonstrates that, upon incorporation of the uPAR-targeted unit, the antitumor efficacy of CTSE-sensitive nanocluster AuS-U11 is significantly enhanced with respect to that of the non-targeted nanocluster AuS-PEG and the insensitive nanocluster AuC-PEG. In vivo and ex vivo optical imaging confirms the high accumulation of AuS-U11 in the in situ pancreatic tumor model. Therapeutic studies further show that the combination of active targeting for tumor tissue, enzyme-triggered drug release of 5-ALA and fluorescent dye Cy5.5 in nanoclusters AuS-U11 could achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy with endomicroscopy-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy with minimal side effects. As a consequence, the delicate gold nanocluster concept provides a promising strategy to enhance the therapy efficiency in the most challenging PDAC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an efficient and universal streptavidin-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was for the first time proposed and used to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of tumor markers. Transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectrum, static water contact measurement, and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the streptavidin-functionalized NG platform and immunosensor. The biofunctionalized NG showed excellent hydrophilicity, larger specific surface area, and high electrochemical activity. These properties of the platform enhanced the loading capacity of proteins, and retained the bioactivity of the immobilized proteins, and thus remarkably improved the sensitivity of the immunosensor. Using carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as model analyte, the proposed immunosensor demonstrated a wide linear range of 0.02–12 ng mL −1 with a low detection limit of 0.01 ng mL −1 . The CEA immunosensor could be applied to detect human serum samples with satisfactory results. The streptavidin-functionalized NG material provided an universal and promising platform for the electrochemical immunosensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sodium vanadate (Na 0.76 V 6 O 15 ) nanobelts have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal reaction followed by annealing. The ultra-long nanobelts have a length ranging from several micrometers to several dozens of micrometers. As cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the Na 0.76 V 6 O 15 nanobelts exhibit high discharge capacity, excellent cyclic stability and good rate capability. High discharge capacity of 248 and 214 mA h g −1 can be obtained at the current density of 300 and 500 mA g −1 , respectively. Meanwhile, it maintains a stable capacity of 113 mA h g −1 after 200 cycles at a high current density of 2000 mA g −1 with no capacity decay. The superior electrochemical performances may be attributed to the novel nanobelts structure and excellent structural stability of Na 0.76 V 6 O 15 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • First report the Paleokarst infilled type orebody in the Danchi Fold-and-Thrust belt, South China. • Pre-ore NE-SW shortening and syn -mineralization E-W extension deformations control the ore distribution. • Zn-, Sn-, and Sb-mineralization have taken place in order in the Wuxu district. • Cassiterites U-Pb dating reveals the tin mineralization in the Wuxu district was formed at 91–90 Ma. • Wuxu district have a great potential for tin mineralization. The Danchi fold-and-thrust belt, Guangxi, South China, contains the Mangchang, Dachang, and Wuxu large and giant Sn-polymetallic districts. It hosts more than 1.2 Mt of ore grading 1 % Sn, 6.23 Mt Zn at 2.4 %, and 1.13 Mt Sb at 1.3 %. Wuxu district is one of the Sb-Zn dominated hydrothermal districts without magmatic rocks exposing in the south of the Danchi belt. Recent drilling and exploring mining have identified a partially Sn mineralization associated with the Zn-Sb mineralization. These works provide an opportunity to evaluate the potential of tin mineralization in the south of Danchi belt and relationship among Sn, Zn, and Sb mineralization. Structural analysis suggests that the Wuxu district underwent at least three deformational phases since the Triassic. The first NE-SW shortening deformation controlled the structural framework of the Wuxu district and is expressed by NW-verging thrusts and folds, axial-plane cleavages around the core of the Wuxu anticline, transverse joint sets on the limbs of the Wuxu anticline, and dilational zones in the bedding-fractures. Afterward, an E-W extension stress field produced NS-striking normal faults and reactivated pre-existing NNW-striking faults which were expressed by sinistral top-to-the north sense of shear. During this deformation, some low order dilational spaces of the NW-striking faults and bedding-fractures formed and a syn -kinematic deposition of minerals in these hosting structures to form the ore shoots. The NNW-striking faults, axial-plane cleavages, and large dilational jogs controlled the subvertical large veins in the Jianzhupo deposit. The conjugate joints and inter-bedding fractures in the limb of the Wuxu anticlinorium controlled the branching veinlets and stratiform, paleokarst infilled ores in the Bawang deposit. The post-ore EW-striking faults are not obvious and displaced preceding two-phase structures and ores. Three primary paragenetic stages of hydrothermal process have been recognized: (I) Sphalerite dominated + massive pyrrhotite with euhedral pyrite porphyroblasts, (II) Cassiterite + siderite + arsenopyrite dominated with minor scheelite + quartz + fluorite, and (III) Jamesonite + stibnite + sulfosalt + carbonates. Cassiterite U-Pb dating provided a lower intercept age of 90.2 ± 3.1 Ma and 90.6 ± 4.6 Ma for the Jianzhupo and Bawang deposits, respectively. These two ages are consistent with the chronological data of tin-sulfides and ore-related felsic intrusions in the Danchi fold-and-thrust belt, South China. Our studies coupled with previous gravity data suggests a distal magmatic-hydrothermal infilling tin-polymetallic district and indicates that the Wuxu district has great potential for additional tin mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Quartz in carbonatite-related REE deposits has distinguishable compositions. • The composition of quartz exhibits systematic, spatial variation in REE deposits. • Quartz can be used as an indicator in the exploration of REE deposits. Quartz is a common gangue mineral in many magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits (e.g., porphyry, epithermal and skarn deposits) and its trace element composition was widely used to constrain ore genesis. Quartz is also a common phase in carbonatite-related rare earth element (REE) deposits, but its geochemical characteristics and significance for ore genesis have not previously been documented in this environment. In this contribution, we report in-situ LA-ICP-MS trace element compositions of quartz from seven carbonatite-related REE deposits, namely the Maoniuping, Lizhuang and Dalucao deposits in the Mianning-Dechang REE metallogenic belt, SW China and the Miaoya, Taipingzhen, Huangshuian and Huanglongpu deposits in the Qinling REE metallogenic belt, Central China. Rare earth element mineralization in these deposits is associated with well-developed hydrothermal systems in which the dominant REE minerals, bastnäsite, parisite, and monazite, are intergrown with aegirine-augite, arfvedsonite, calcite, fluorite, barite, and quartz. The results show that quartz grains from the carbonatite-related REE deposits are characterized by low budgets of trace elements, of which Al is generally less than 50 ppm whereas others are generally less than 10 ppm. In general, the trace element concentrations in quartz from different deposits are similar (the total concentration is commonly <50 ppm), and are distinguishable from those of quartz in other magmatic-hydrothermal systems. The low concentration of trace elements in carbonatite-related REE deposits is controlled by the unusual nature of carbonatitic magmas and their derived fluids, and thus can be used for defining the affinity of hydrothermal REE systems that are of unknown origin. Significantly, the trace element chemistry of quartz samples collected from a cross-section in the open pit of the Maoniuping REE deposit displays a systematic spatial variation such that the concentrations of Al, Ti, Na, and K decrease with increasing distance of the samples from carbonatites. This spatial variation correlates well with the variation of physio-chemical conditions during the evolution of ore-forming fluids. This implies that the geochemistry of quartz can be used as a vector detecting the concealed carbonatite intrusions in carbonatite-related REE deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the characteristics of the nebkhas in barchan interdune areas, isolated barchan dunes at the southeast margin of the Badain Jaran Desert in China and Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas in the interdune areas were selected, and the morphometric parameters, spatial patterns, and granulometric characteristics of the nebkhas in various interdune zones were compared. According to the locations relative to barchan dunes, the interdune areas were divided into three zones: the windward interdune zone (Zw), the leeward interdune zone (Zl), and the horn interdune zone (Zh). The zone that is proximal to barchan dunes and has never been disturbed by barchan dunes was also selected (Zi). The morphometric parameters were measured through a satellite image and field investigation. The population density and spatial patterns were analyzed using the satellite image, and surface sediment samples of the nebkhas and barchan dunes were collected for grain size analysis. The morphometric parameters of Nitraria tangutorun nebkhas in the interdune zones differ significantly. The nebkhas in Zh are larger than those observed in the other zones, and the nebkhas are the smallest in Zl. In all of the zones, the long-axis orientation of the nebkhas is perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. The population density of the nebkhas in Zw is relatively higher, whereas the density in Zh and Zl becomes obviously lower. The spatial distribution of nebkhas in all of the zones can be categorized as a dispersed pattern. The sediments of the nebkhas are coarsest in Zh and finest in Zl. In addition, the sediments of the nebkhas in all of the zones are finer than those of barchan dunes. The amount of sand captured by the nebkhas in the interdune areas is approximately 20% of the volume of barchan dunes. The variations of the nebkhas' sizes, spatial pattern and sediment are subjected to migration, flow field and sand transport of barchan dunes and sand accumulation with plant growth in the interdune areas, which suggest complex mutual interactions between barchan dunes and the nebkhas in the interdune areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium vanadate K 0.25 V 2 O 5 has been successfully prepared by a facile sol–gel route and its electrochemical performance has been investigated. It is interesting that the as-prepared K 0.25 V 2 O 5 exhibits the unique layer-by-layer stacked flake-like structure. Due to the novel tunneled crystal structure, the long-term cycling stability and high-rate capability of K 0.25 V 2 O 5 are reported here for the first time. High specific discharge capacities of 256, 217, 180, 144, and 116 mA h g −1 can be achieved at the current densities of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mA g −1 , respectively. Moreover, the K 0.25 V 2 O 5 compound demonstrates excellent long-term cycling stability with a capacity fading rate of only 0.023% per cycle over 500 cycles at 500 mA g −1 . The superior electrochemical performance suggests that the tunneled structure K 0.25 V 2 O 5 could be a potential cathode candidate for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report a novel strategy for the controlled synthesis of nanorod assembled multi-shelled cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ) hollow microspheres (HSs). The Co 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 NRs are first vertically grown on the carbon microspheres (CS) to form the core-shelled composites by a low-temperature solution route. The multi-shelled hollow interiors within the Co 3 O 4 microspheres are unconventionally obtained by annealing the as-prepared core–shell structured CS@Co 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 composite in air. When evaluated for supercapacitive performance, the multi-shelled Co 3 O 4 hollow microspheres exhibit high capacitance of 394.4 and 360 F g −1 at the current densities of 2 A g −1 and 10 A g −1 , respectively. The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the multi-shelled hollow structures, which facilitate the electrolyte penetration and provide more active sites for the electrochemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] LiV3O8 nanobelts anchored with Ag nanoparticles are prepared by a sol–gel route. [•] LiV3O8/Ag composite have greatly reduced the charger transfer resistance. [•] LiV3O8/Ag composite exhibit superior cyclic stability and good rate capability. [•] High specific capacity of 128mAhg−1 is remained after 250 cycles at 1000mAg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sterile alpha motif domain-containing 11 (SAMD11) is evolutionarily conserved from zebrafish to human. Mouse Samd11 is predominantly expressed in developing retinal photoreceptors and the adult pineal gland, and its transcription is directly regulated by the cone–rod homeodomain protein Crx. However, there has been little research on human SAMD11. To investigate the function of human SAMD11, we first cloned its coding sequence (CDS) and identified up to 45 novel alternative splice variants (ASVs). Mouse Samd11 ASVs were also identified by aligning the mouse Samd11 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with the annotated sequence. However, the range of expression and transcriptional regulation of SAMD11 differs between human and mouse. Human SAMD11 was found to be widely expressed in many cell lines and ocular tissues and its transcription was not regulated by CRX, OTX2 or NR2E3 proteins. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that human SAMD11 could promote cell proliferation slightly. In conclusion, this study elucidated the basic characteristics of human SAMD11 and revealed that, although the occurrence of alternative splicing of SAMD11 was conserved, the function of SAMD11 may vary in different species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Theoretical algorithms are proposed to determine the localization of multiple rock spheres. • One smart rock is a concrete sphere with a super-strong magnet embedding in the center. • Field tests with two smart rocks were conducted to validate the localization algorithm. • Numerical simulation is used to verify the theoretical algorithms. • Two smart rocks decays the magnetic intensity exponentially with an increase of the relative distance. In this study, algorithms are theoretically proposed to determine the locations of multiple smart rocks that are used to predict the topography in the vicinity of a bridge pier or abutment, with/without considering the effect of the ambient magnetic field (AMF). One smart rock is a concrete sphere with a super-strong magnet embedding in the center. The direction of the magnet cylinder is downward-pointing. To validate the localization algorithm, field tests at a bridge pier in the state of California, USA, were conducted in the case of two smart rocks. Numerical simulation is also performed to study the interaction between the two smart rocks as well as the influence of the interaction on the effective distance. The influence of the AMF on the effective distance is numerically simulated. Results show that the steel rebars in the bridge cause an inhomogeneous dispersion of the AMF, and the placement of double rocks changes the dispersion of the AMF in the vicinity of the bridge pier. The localization algorithms are successfully employed to determine the locations of the rock spheres, and the interaction between double rocks decays exponentially with an increase of the relative distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Silver vanadium oxide (Ag1.2V3O8) has been successfully synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction between AgNO3 and sol–gel prepared VOC2O4. The morphology and phase of the calcinations products are largely temperature-dependent. The morphologies of the calcinations products evolutes from nanorods to nanobelts and higher purity can be obtained with the raise of temperatures. Nanobelts with a thickness around 200 nm can be obtained at 450 °C. The as-synthesized Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts are of single crystal. As a cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries, the Ag1.2V3O8 nanobelts exhibit good cyclic stability and high-rate capability. A stable specific discharge capacities of 215, 198, and 174 mA h g−1 can be delivered at the current densities of 50, 100 and 200 mA g−1, respectively. The superior performances are attributed to the good reversibility of electrochemically formed LiV3O8 and improved conductivity by in-situ formed Ag phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ag/β-AgVO3 hybrid nanorods have been successfully prepared by a facile one-step solid-state approach and their electrochemical performance has been evaluated as cathode materials for lithium batteries (LBs). The effects of calcinations temperatures to the morphologies of the material and the content of Ag in the hybrid have been investigated. The Ag/AgVO3 hybrid synthesized at 420 °C shows well-separated nanorods anchored with Ag nanoparticles. The existence of Ag nanoparticles has been demonstrated to improve the conductivity of the electrode. As a cathode material for lithium batteries, it exhibits high specific capacity, good rate capability and improved cycle stability. Initial specific discharge capacities of 242, 228, 203, 202, 198 mA h g−1 can be achieved at the current densities of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mA g−1, respectively. The superior performance is attributed to the combined effect of the electron conductivity improvement by the Ag nanoparticles and the well-separated β-AgVO3 nanorod structures. The results demonstrate the advantages of the Ag/AgVO3 hybrid for primary lithium batteries, and the possible application in rechargeable lithium batteries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work, a novel SiO2-supported hybrid chromium-based catalyst for ethylene and ethylene/1-hexene polymerization was prepared by using the residual surface hydroxyl groups in Phillips catalyst to further support bis(triphenysilyl) chromate (BC) in order to get the merits from two important chromium-based catalysts namely inorganic Phillips and organic S-2 catalysts. By characterization of the catalysts, investigation of the polymerization behavior and the microstructures of polymers, several vital factors such as cocatalyst, the addition amount of BC, calcination temperature, total chromium loading, polymerization temperature, pressure and hydrogen were systematically investigated. The proper addition weight amount of BC was CrBC ≤0.25wt%. The suitable calcination temperature and total chromium loading were ≤600°C and ≤0.5wt%, respectively. With increasing the relative addition amount of CrBC from 0 to 20, 50, 80 and 100wt% (corresponding from Phillips to HCat-1, HCat-2, HCat-3 and S-2 catalysts), the copolymerization abilities of the above catalysts showed a decreasing tendency. By comparing different chromium catalysts, HCat-2 catalyst showed higher activity than S-2 catalyst and its polymer had higher average molecular weight (MW) than that obtained from Phillips catalyst. HCat-2 catalyst got well-balanced properties mainly including activity, MW of polymers and copolymerization ability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thrombolytic therapy is an important treatment for thrombosis, a life-threatening condition in cardiovascular diseases. However, the traditional thrombolytic therapies have often been associated with the risk of severe bleeding. By conjugating urokinase with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we have presented a strategy to control thrombolysis within a specific site. The covalent bioconjugate of urokinase and dextran-coated MNPs was synthesized and isolated. Thrombolysis by the conjugate was studied under a magnetic field in a rat arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model. The magnetic field was generated by two AlNiCo permanent magnets around the site of thrombus. The magnetic field enhanced the thrombolytic efficacy of the conjugate by 5-fold over urokinase with no reduction in plasma fibrinogen and little prolonged bleeding time. It suggested that thrombolysis had been specifically directed to the desired site by the magnetic carrier under the magnetic field. Additionally, the conjugate had a longer half-life than urokinase in circulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The development and progression of NAFLD by common pollutants in water is reviewed. • Features in response to each environmental contaminant are elucidated. • The new perspective of joint toxicity of pollutants in water bodies is put forward. The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing rapidly in recent years, which is now estimated to be over 25%. NAFLD is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. At present, with the rapid development of economy and industrialization, many chemicals are released into the environment. These chemical contaminants in the environment might cause harm to human health and result in lipid metabolism disorder during long-term exposure. Moreover, the incentive of many NAFLD cases is unknown, and the environmental risk factors of NAFLD need to be urgently identified. Hence, we focus on the impacts of several popular environmental contaminants in water environment on the development and progression of NAFLD. These contaminants mainly include microcystins (MCs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), heavy metals (HMs), dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Through analyzing a great many epidemiological and toxicological studies, we have found positive associations between NAFLD and chronic exposure to these contaminants at the environmental levels. This review may enhance the understanding of liver damage caused by environmental pollutants, which are considered as tangible environmental risk factors for NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to further define the signal transduction pathways leading to hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) erythropoietin (EPO) gene expression.: Materials and MethodsHuman hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) were exposed to hypoxia (1% oxygen) and examined for mRNA expression, as well as gene transactivation with RT-PCR and luciferase reporter gene assays, respectively.: ResultsTreatment with LY294002 (a selective pharmacological inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) significantly inhibited EPO protein and mRNA expression in Hep3B cells exposed to hypoxia for 24 hours, while treatment with PD098059 or SB203580 (selective pharmacological inhibitors of the MEK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, respectively) had no significant effects. The activity of AKT, a downstream target of PI3K, was increased by hypoxia and was also inhibited by LY294002. Genetic inhibition of AKT resulted in significant inhibition of NF-κB and HIF-1-mediated transactivation, as well as EPO gene expression, in response to hypoxia. Overexpression of constitutively active AKT resulted in increased NF-κB and HIF-1 transactivation. The selective inhibitor of NF-κB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), significantly blocked HIF-1 protein expression. Inhibition of NF-κB with a superrepressor dominant negative IκBα genetic construct also significantly blocked NF-κB and HIF-1 transactivation, as well as EPO gene expression.: ConclusionWe propose a key role for NF-κB in EPO gene regulation in response to hypoxia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Based on the first principle, this paper explores the energy band structure and density of state of single-layer and nanotubes NBAs, analyzes their properties in terms of conductivity and band gap structure by comparing with graphene carbon nanotubes and nano sheets. We further add electric field to NBAs single-layer, and discuss the influence of electric field according to its energy band structure and density of state. Finally, the three-dimensional surface of Young's modulus is obtained by calculating the elastic modulus. The properties of Weyl material NbAs are studied based on first principles in this paper. Firstly, the Visualizer module of Material Studio software is used to construct NbAs single-layer nanotube and nanobelt, and then CASTEP module is used to optimize and calculate the band structure, density of states and conductivity curves. The energy band, density of states and conductivity curves of carbon nanotube and nanobelt are compared. The results show that the energy band structure of NbAs has conduction band and valence band crossing at Fermi energy level, which shows obvious metallicity and is more conductive than graphene. Secondly, DMOL3 package is used to calculate and analyze the energy band and state density of NbAs nano-ribbon after adding positive and negative voltage along the armchair direction and zigzag direction, respectively. The results show that the valence band of NbAs nanobelt decreases when positive voltage is applied along the direction of the armchair, while increases when negative voltage is applied. When the voltage is applied at 0.05a.u., the peak values of the distribution curve of density of states increase from about 30 eV to 800 eV, and the peak values of the electron density of states increase significantly. When voltage is applied along the zigzag direction, either positive or negative voltage will cause the valence band to move down. When the negative voltage is −0.10a.u., the peak values of the density of states change obviously. Finally, the stability of NbAs is calculated and analyzed. It is found that NbAs nanobelt meet the requirement of stability of elastic modulus of hexagonal crystal system, but have weak shear resistance in plane (001). This indicates that the structure of NbAs is layered, similar to graphene, which is easier to be separated and detached in layers. This study can provide certain theoretical basis for our future experimental exploration of NbAs material properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ART attenuated rosacea-like dermatitis in LL37-induced mouse model. • ART reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors and infiltration of inflammation cells in LL37-induced rosacea-like mouse. • ART repressed pro-inflammatory factors release in HaCaT cells may partly via NF-kB signal pathways. • ART inhibited angiogenesis in vivo and migration of HUVECs in vitro. Rosacea is a facial chronic inflammatory skin disease with dysfunction of immune and vascular system. Artemisinin (ART), an anti-malaria drug, was reported to have several effects including anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis activities. However, the role of ART on rosacea remains unclear. To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of ART on rosacea. In rosacea-like mouse model, the phenotype of rosacea lesions was evaluated by redness score, the inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed by qPCR, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were assessed by IHC analysis and immunofluorescence. In vitro , LL37-induced expression of inflammatory factors in HaCaT cells was detected by qPCR, potential signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. Migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was evaluated by cell scratch and transwell assays. The skin erythema and histopathological alteration, as well as the elevated pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL6, TNFα) and TLR2 were significantly ameliorated by ART treatment in LL37-induced rosacea-like mice. In addition, ART reduced the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and repressed the expression of immune cells related chemokines (CXCL10, CCL20, CCL2 and CXCL2) in mouse lesions. In HaCaT cells, ART significantly decreased the LL37-induced expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Moreover, we found that ART inhibited rosacea-like inflammation via NF-kB signaling pathways in HaCaT cells. Finally, for vascular dysregulation, ART repressed the angiogenesis in mouse model and inhibited the LL37-induced HUVECs migration in vitro. ART ameliorated rosacea-like dermatitis by regulating immune response and angiogenesis, indicating that it could represent an effective therapeutic option for patients with rosacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]