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Percutaneous microwave ablation (PMA) is a thermoablative method used as a minimally invasive treatment for liver cancer. However, the application of PMA is limited by its insufficient ROS generation efficiency and thermal effects. Herein, a new microwave-activated Cu-doped zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF) (Cu Zr MOF) used for enhanced PMA has a significantly improved microwave sensitizing effect. Owing to the strong inelastic collisions between ions confined in numerous micropores, Cu Zr MOF has strong microwave sensitivity and high thermal conversion efficiency, which can significantly improve microwave thermal therapy (MTT). Moreover, because of the existence of Cu2+ ions, a further benefit of Cu Zr MOF is their Fenton-like activity, in particular, microwaves used as an excitation source for microwave dynamic therapy (MDT) can improve the Fenton-like reaction to maximize the synergistic effectiveness of cancer therapy. Importantly, Cu Zr MOF can inhibit the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by producing abundant ROS to enhance tumor destruction. Mechanistically, we found that Cu Zr MOF + MW treatment modulates ferroptosis-mediated tumor cell death by targeting the HMOX1/GPX4 axis. In summary, this study develops a novel Cu Zr MOF microwave sensitizer with great potential for synergistic treatment of liver cancer by MTT and MDT. Cu Zr MOF was fabricated with a hydrothermal one-pot low-cost green method. Cu Zr MOF has strong microwave sensitivity and high thermal conversion efficiency, which can realize the synergistic treatment of microwave thermal therapy (MTT) and microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). Mechanistically, we found that Cu Zr MOF + MW treatment modulates ferroptosis-mediated tumor apoptosis by targeting the HMOX1/GPX4 axis. [Display omitted] • A novel kind of microwave-activated Cu-doped zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF) (Cu Zr MOF) used for improve microwave thermal therapy that has a significantly improved microwave sensitizing effect. • Microwaves used as an excitation source for microwave dynamic therapy (MDT) can produce more ROS to maximize the synergistic effectiveness of cancer therapy. • Cu Zr MOF + MW treatment modulates ferroptosis-mediated tumor death by targeting the HMOX1/GPX4 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, further development of an in-house code, named a constraint interpolation profile (CIP)-based model is presented. A momentum source function is introduced as an internal wave maker to generate regular and focused waves accurately without being affected by reflected waves. A self-adaptive source region method is proposed to optimize the width of the momentum source region to different wave conditions. The proposed model is applied to different cases. Test of regular wave reflection from a vertical wall is first carried out. Regular wave decomposition over a submerged breakwater is then simulated. Focused wave generation and propagation over a submerged breakwater are finally studied and compared with a newly performed experiment. Good agreements are obtained. All the results indicate that the CIP-based model with a non-reflection internal wave-maker can work as a powerful tool to study wave-structure interaction in coastal engineering. Highlights • A non-reflection momentum source wave maker is applied into a high-precision CIP-based model. • The model with momentum source wave maker is applicable to various waves, including periodic waves and focused waves. • A self-adaptive source region method is proposed which extends the source function to different wave conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) coupled with the pretreatment was used as an alternative method for animal by-product disposal and energy recovery. In this study, the results showed that the cumulative biogas production in T121 thermal pretreatments was slightly lower than that in the Control, while there were no significant differences in the methane content produced between the treatments. Pretreatments with H 2 SO 4 at all different concentrations inhibited the anaerobic digestion with lower biogas and methane production due to the high contents of total volatile fatty acids accumulated in the systems. High throughput sequencing analysis showed that pretreatments affected the diversity, community structure and composition of microbial consortia. However, all these treatments harboured the same dominant phylum (Firmicutes) and genus (Coprothermobacter) with active roles during the AD process. These results also suggested that different pretreatments could form their distinct methanogen pathways. Of the treatments, T121 pretreatment increased the relative abundance of methane-producing archaea. The abundance of Methanosarcina was dominated in the thermal pretreatments, suggesting the acetoclastic methanogenesis pathway of methane produced in thermal pretreatments. The abundances of Methanosarcina and Methanothermobacter were nearly the same in the Control and HS4 treatments respectively, indicating that both hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogen pathways were involved in the HS4 and control treatments. Considering other advantages of pathogen inactivation on pig mortalities, our study could be helpful for the disposal and further optimization of the higher energy recovery of animal carcasses by thermophilic AD coupled with thermal (121 °C) pretreatments. • T121 pretreatment was suitable for the disposal of pig mortality. • The contents of methane generation were inhibited in H 2 SO 4 treatment. • The HS4 treatments harbored a distinct microbial community. • The dominant bacterial genus in all these treatments were Coprothermobacter. • The dominant methane-produced archaea differed with different pretreatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]