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Intra-amniotic injection, as well as intravaginal application of prostaglandins, have been used to terminate second trimester pregnancies. There is as yet no consensus as to the most efficient protocol of such late abortions. Our goal was to compare the efficacy of intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) and intravaginal application of misoprostol in terminating second trimester pregnancies after pretreatment with intracervical laminaria.Women with live fetuses and requesting second trimester abortions were randomized into two groups. Eighteen hours following the insertion of intracervical laminaria, women were treated with either intra-amniotic injection of 40 mg PGF2α, or 12 hourly doses (to a maximum of 4 doses) of 200 mcg misoprostol. Fifty women were randomly assigned to each group.Failure to abort within 24 h of initiation of treatment occurred in 6 patients (12%) in the misoprostol group and 14 (28%) of the PGF2α group (p = 0.04). Mean time of induction of pharmacologic treatment to abortion was 13.6 h in the misoprostol group and 10.7 h in the PGF2α group (p = 0.03). The mean number of analgesic injections given were 0.8 in the misoprostol group and 1.6 in the PGF2α group (p = 0.0001). Only the method of abortion was predictive of abortion success and not other variables such as patient age, gestational age, gravidity, or parity.Following intracervical laminaria, vaginal misoprostol has been found to be more effective and less painful, compared with intra-amniotic PGF2α, for the termination of second trimester pregnancies with live fetuses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]