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Acute pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharyngeal mucous membrane and submucous lymphoid tissues. Unsatisfactory treatment and repeated occurrences might cause chronic pharyngitis and other complications. Syringa oblata L. (S. oblata) is a traditional Chinese medicine that exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on various inflammatory diseases. Its commercial drug Yan Li Xiao (YLX) capsule is used as a cure for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as bacillary dysentery, tonsillitis, bronchitis, and acute gastroenteritis. However, studies about S. oblata relieving acute pharyngitis are rare. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the chemical profile of S. oblata, and the bioactive phytoconstituents were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry. An ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis rat model was established to estimate the protective effect of S. oblata in vivo for the first time. The severity of pharyngitis was observed by appearance index and HE staining. The cytokines expression was performed by ELISA. Crucial proteins expression associated with TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of isolated compounds was evaluated by suppressing lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NO generation and regulating the cytokines levels in RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that S. oblata exhibited a protective effect in the ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis rat model, and the compounds exert potential anti-inflammatory properties against LPS-activated RAW 254.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Xuzhou Qufu Shengji Ointment (QFSJO) has been used in hospital and private medication for more than 30 years to treat the infective wounds after trauma. However, molecular investigation is lacking. This study used rats to explore the healing mechanism of QFSJO in promoting wound healing in human. Methods. One circular incision was individually generated on the back of 30 rats in three groups and challenged with 108 CFU (0.3 mL) of Staphylococcus aureus. Then, one of the trauma groups was treated with QFSJO gauze, and the control group was covered with a piece of Vaseline gauze, while the western medicine group was treated with erythromycin in a similar way. The dressing change of all the groups was performed once a day for three weeks. The anti-inflammation and proangiogenesis of QFSJO were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of angiogenesis associated factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), hydroxyproline, and hemoglobin, were measured according to ELISA. The immunohistochemistry of CD31 and CD34 expression in granulation tissue was demonstrated and quantitatively analyzed for angiogenesis in granulation tissue in sites. Results. A faster wound healing ratio was observed in QFSJO-dressing-treated group than Vaseline- and erythrocin-treated groups. ELISA results showed that QFSJO promoted VEGF and b-FGF levels significantly in early stage of wound healing. QFSJO dressing group also showed an enhanced hydroxyproline and hemoglobin in granulation tissue. The expressions of CD31 and CD34 in granulation tissue of QFSJO group were higher than in the Vaseline and erythrocin groups. Conclusion. QFSJO improved the healing rate of the infective wounds by promoting the angiogenesis of granulation tissue and inhibiting the inflammation of the trauma tissue. Our finding suggests that QFSJO is able to help angiogenic capillary sprouts for collagen accumulates in the granulation tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]