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Purpose. To assess the effects of the 3-month period of orthokeratology (OK) treatment on corneal sensitivity in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods. Thirty subjects wore overnight OK lenses in both eyes for 3 months and were assessed at baseline, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the treatment. Changes in corneal sensitivity were measured by the Cochet–Bonnet (COBO) esthesiometer at the corneal apex and approximately 2 mm from the temporal limbus. Changes in refraction and corneal topography were also measured. Results. Central corneal sensitivity suffered a significant reduction within the first month of the OK treatment period but returned to the baseline level at three months (F = 3.009, P=0.039), while no statistically significant difference occurred in temporal sensitivity (F = 2.462, P=0.074). The baseline of central corneal sensitivity correlated with age (r = −0.369, P=0.045). A marked change in refraction (uncorrected visual acuity, P<0.001; spherical equivalent, P<0.001) and corneal topographical condition (mean keratometry reading, P<0.001; eccentricity value, P<0.001; Surface Regularity Index, P<0.001) occurred, but none of these measurements were correlated with corneal sensitivity. Conclusions. A 3-month period OK treatment causes a reduction in central corneal sensitivity in Chinese children and adolescents but with a final recovery to the baseline level, which might be because neuronal adaptation occurred earlier in children and adolescents than in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]