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The three-dimensional thermal properties of 18-core photonic crystal fiber lasers operated under natural convec-tion are investigated. The temperature sensing technique based on a fiber Bragg grating sensor array is proposed to measure the longitudinal temperature distribution of a 1.6-m-long ytterbium-doped 18-core photonic crystal fiber. The results show that the temperature decreases from the pump end to the launch end exponentially. More-over, the radial temperature distribution of the fiber end is investigated by using the full-vector finite-element method. The numerical results match well with the experimental data and the coating temperature reaches 422.7K, approaching the critical value of polymer cladding, when the pumping power is 40 W. Therefore the fiber end cooling is necessary to achieve power scaling. Compared with natural convection methods, the copper cooling scheme is found to be an effective method to reduce the fiber temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a numerical simulation of continuous terahertz beam induced transient thermal effects on static water. The terahertz wave used in this paper has a Gaussian beam profile. Based on the transient heat conduction equation, the finite element method (FEM) is utilized to calculate the temperature distribution. The simulation results show the dynamic process of temperature change in water during terahertz irradiation. After about 300 s, the temperature reaches a steady state with a water layer thickness of 5 mm and a beam radius of 0.25 mm. The highest temperature increase is 7 K/mW approximately. This work motivates further study on the interaction between terahertz wave and bio-tissue, which has a high water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]