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Classifications employed to measure dental caries should first of all reflect the dynamics of the disease, in order to provide a solid basis for subsequent treatment decisions and for further monitoring of dental health of individual patients and populations. The contemporary philosophy of dental caries management implies that nonoperative treatment of caries lesions should be implemented whenever possible, limiting operative interventions to the severe and irreversible cases. The ORCA Saturday Afternoon Symposium 2016, held back-to-back to the 63rd ORCA Congress in Athens, Greece, was intended to provide an update on general requirements for clinical caries diagnosis and to overview caries diagnostic classifications including their rationale, validation, advantages, and limitations. Clinical caries diagnostic criteria and caries management outcomes are interrelated, and any diagnostic classification disregarding this concept is outdated, according to the current understanding of oral health care. Choosing clinical caries diagnostic classifications that assess the activity status of detected lesions should be a priority for dental professionals since these classifications favor the best clinical practice directed towards nonoperative interventions. The choice of clinical caries diagnostic classifications in research, in clinical practice, and in public health services should be guided by the best available scientific evidence. The clinical caries diagnostic classifications should be universally applicable in all these fields. Policy making in oral health care and the underlying policy analyses should follow the same standards. Any clinical caries diagnostic classification disregarding the universality of its use is of limited or no interest in the context of the clinical caries diagnosis of today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hunger, food insecurity, stunting, anemia, overweight, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) may coexist in the same person, household, and community in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is an important cause of disability and premature death, which could be addressed with comprehensive policies such as the Plan of Action for the Prevention of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. This paper summarizes the main policies and actions aimed to prevent undernutrition and obesity. Summary: Several countries are implementing the Plan of Action, Caribbean Public Health Agency is actively supporting Ministries of Health, Education, and Sport to develop school nutrition policies and strategies to create health-promoting environments at school and in their surrounding communities. Chile is implementing the comprehensive child protection system "Chile Crece Contigo" that integrates health, social development, and educational activities to optimize growth and childhood cognitive-motor development. Brazil is implementing policies and plans to commit to international targets regarding food and nutrition security, NCDs and their risk factors. Key Messages: The DBM exists in the Americas and contributes to disability and premature death. The Region is making progress implementing policies and actions addressing the DBM. However, stronger political will and leadership are needed to enact legislation and policies that create and support enabling -environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an overview of the International Neurological Congress that was held in Lisbon, Portugal, on September 7–12, 1953, the fifth in the series of meetings that became a tradition and helped to establish Neurology and Neurosurgery as independent medical specialties in the mid-twentieth century. Four main symposia focused on vascular and metabolic diseases of the brain and on the parietal lobe. An additional 345 papers were read on diverse topics. The Congress was attended by 982 delegates from 39 countries. A central figure was Egas Moniz (1874–1955), the pioneer of cerebral angiography, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for applying prefrontal leukotomy to manage certain forms of psychosis. Special tributes were paid to Constantin von Monakow (1853–1930) and Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of their births. A satellite meeting was held in Madrid immediately after the Lisbon conference; speakers including John F. Fulton (1899–1960), Sir Walter Russell Brain (1895–1966) and Fernando de Castro (1896–1967) praised the discoveries of Cajal, the neuron theory, and their impact on the medical sciences and on the future of Neurology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core symposiums of the Japanese Gastroenterological Association (JGA) annual scientific meetings focus on similar topics from year to year. The main topics of these symposiums for the last 3 years were centered on progress in new diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal malignancy, with a special focus on new molecular-targeted treatments for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and other gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including malignant lymphoma, for which new molecular-targeted treatments are now being commonly used. The 8th annual meeting of the JGA was held in 2012 and 8 excellent papers were presented on progress in new diagnostics and therapy for GIST. The 9th annual meeting of the JGA was held in 2013 and 7 excellent papers were presented on new molecular-targeted treatments for colorectal carcinomas and GI lymphoma. At the 10th annual meeting of the JGA, which was held in 2014, novel concepts of and therapeutic strategies for GI cancers, NET and GIST were discussed. In 2010, the WHO proposed a new classification system in which NET was classified into three categories - NET-G1, NET-G2 and NEC - dependent on proliferative activity, and the term 'carcinoid' was deleted. Regarding GIST, several management guidelines have already been published: by NCCN in 2004, by ESMO in 2005, and in Japan in 2006. The Japanese guidelines have recently been revised. In addition to the summaries of the annual meetings from 2012 to 2014, the major points of the recently revised Japanese guidelines for the diagnosis and management of GIST are described in this review. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At The Power of Programming 2014 Conference, researchers from multiple disciplines presented and discussed the effects of early nutrition and other environmental cues during the first thousand days of life and beyond on the lifelong risk of noncommunicable diseases. This paper aims to summarize the concepts and some of the first achievements of the EarlyNutrition research project that initiated the conference.The EarlyNutrition consortium is a multinational, multidisciplinary research collaboration of researchers from Europe, the USA, and Australia. A focus is placed on exploration of the developmental origins of obesity, adiposity, and related health outcomes. Here we report on the first findings of experimental approaches, cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and systematic reviews of current information, as well as position papers, which have all been developed with the involvement of project partners. We conclude that the EarlyNutrition project has successfully established itself during the first 2 project years as a very strong platform for collaborative research on early programming effects. The first results, available already at this early stage of the project, point to great opportunities for health prevention strategies via the implementation of dietary and lifestyle modifications, with large effect sizes. Further results are expected which should support improved recommendations and related policies for optimized nutrition and lifestyle choices before and during pregnancy, in infancy, and in early childhood. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transbronchial cryobiopsies (TBCB) have recently been introduced as a promising and safer alternative to surgical lung biopsy in the diagnostic approach to diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). Despite a substantial and expanding body of literature, the technique has not yet been standardized and its place in the diagnostic algorithm of DPLD remains to be defined. In part, this reflects concerns over the diagnostic yield and safety of the procedure, together with the rapid spread of the technique without competency and safety standards; furthermore, there is a substantial procedural variability among centers and interventional pulmonologists. We report this expert statement proposed during the third international conference on “Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease” (Ravenna, October 27–28, 2016), which formulates evidence- and expert-based suggestions on the indications, contraindications, patient selection, and procedural aspects of the procedure. The following 5 domains were reviewed: (1) what is the role of TBCB in the diagnostic evaluation of DPLD: patient selection; (2) pathological considerations; (3) contraindications and safety considerations; (4) how should TBCB be performed and in what procedural environment; and (5) who should perform TBCB. Finally, the existence of white paper recommendations may also reassure local hospital credentialing committees tasked with endorsing an adoption of the technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a debate on whether meta-analyses and systematic reviews are decisive in formulating guidelines for dietary fat. Held during the 12th congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids in Stellenbosch, South Africa, September 7, 2016, the debate was hosted by the International Union of Nutritional Sciences and the International Expert Movement to Improve Dietary Fat Quality (IEM, www.theiem.org). Clemens von Schacky, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, supported the statement, describing the types of weaknesses in individual studies and clinical trials. With examples of how to overcome such limitations, he concluded that nutritional guidelines on fat need a proper scientific basis in which randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with clinical end-points and their meta-analyses are essential and decisive. In contention, Ingeborg Brouwer, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, declared that recommendations on dietary fat intake should always be based on the totality of the evidence, including physiologic and biochemical knowledge and associations from observational epidemiology. RCTs and meta-analyses have their shortcomings, but well-conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses support a transparent process for developing dietary fat guidelines. Participants agreed that evidence-based decision-making for dietary guidance should consider all the best available evidence using a transparent, systematic review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section provides abstracts of papers that will be presented at the 58th Annual ORCA Congress in Kaunas, Lithuania, from July 6 to 9, 2011, including papers on fluoride, epidemiology and dental caries.

The article discusses various papers on pharmacology presented at the 11th Symposium of the Austrian Pharmacological Society which was held in Vienna, Austria on November 24-26, 2006. These papers include "Long-Term Effects of an Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonist on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice with Myocyte-Specific Overexpression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase," by W. Woelkart and colleagues, "Pharmacological Properties of GABA Receptors Containing Gamma1 Subunits," by S. Khom and "Automated Drug Screening of Ligand- and Voltage-Gated Ion Channels on Xenopus Oocytes," by I. Baburin.

At present, for adults with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, two new analogues, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir, are recommended as the first-line therapy by the EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver), AASLD (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases), and APASL (Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver) guidelines. The use of pegylated interferon-α (PEG IFN-α) is recommended as the first-line therapy instead of standard IFN-α according to the above 3 guidelines. In this paper, the aim was to assess: (1) the long-term efficacy and safety as well as the resistance to ETV and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); (2) the efficacy of PEG IFN-α; (3) the role of combination therapy with IFN plus two analogues, such as lamivudine and ETV; (4) the efficacy and safety of two analogues with cirrhosis, and (5) suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by ETV and IFN treatment. The results are as follows: (1) both ETV and TDF showed long-term efficacy and safety; (2) PEG IFN-α resulted in a greater decline in HBV DNA levels and a higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion; (3) combination therapy with IFN plus two analogues did not elevate the rate of sustained responses; (4) both ETV and TDF showed efficacy and safety with cirrhosis (ETV especially displayed efficacy and safety with decompensated cirrhosis), and (5) suppression of HCC was observed by ETV and IFN. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a debate on whether to update recommendations for the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA); this debate was held at the 11th congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids in Stockholm, Sweden, June 28-July 2, 2014. Recommendations to reduce SFA intakes are based largely on the premise that high intakes of SFA raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels, which in turn increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Several systematic reviews question whether reducing SFA intakes lowers CHD risk. Arguing to revise SFA recommendations, Philippe Legrand noted that SFA are heterogeneous in structure and function, are synthesized de novo by humans and only certain SFA in excess have been linked to CHD risk. We cannot consider all SFA as a block. The effects of reducing SFA intakes depend on which nutrients replace them and on which biomarkers or endpoints are assessed, Ronald Mensink observed. The effects of reducing SFA on CHD risk vary with the nutrient of comparison, whether carbohydrates, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Substitution of SFA with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, while the effects of substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids or high-glycemic index carbohydrates are less clear. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes three presentations on the global and Latin American perspectives on the health significance of fat quality in the diet given at the 16th Congress of the Society of Latin American Nutrition in Havana, Cuba, November 11-16, 2012. Dietary fat quality contributes to the risk of the leading chronic diseases and is more important than fat quantity in reducing the risk of chronic disease mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease (CVD). In many countries, the consumption of saturated fats exceeds the recommended limit of 10% energy (%E) and intakes of polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) are often below the recommended range of 6-11%E. Consumption of long-chain ω-3 PUFAs is especially low. In many Latin American countries, high consumption of carbohydrates, especially sugars, contributes to obesity, diabetes, hypertension and CVD, while intakes of total fat and PUFAs may be low. Thus, dietary fat recommendations must consider the dietary fat patterns of each country. Nutrition counseling can be effective in teaching individuals and families to modify their food intake patterns and control the major risk factors for chronic disease. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the 42nd Biennial American Cytogenetics Conference (ACC) held from April 19 to 22, 2012 in San Antonio, Texas is presented. Physician and scientist Janet Davidson Rowley was recognized as the 2012 Recipient ACC Distinguished Cytogeneticist. Among the papers presented were "The Impact of Chromosomal Microarray on Clinical Management," and "Utility of SNP Arrays in Detecting, Quantifying, and Determining Meiotic Origin of Tetrasomy 12p in Blood from Pallister-Killian Patients."

The article offers information on the 5th International Gastrointestinal Consensus Symposium (IGICS) that will be held in Sendai, Japan on February 11, 2012, which include the program and the abstracts of papers to be presented.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented during the 7th Annual Conference of the European Nutraceutical Association (ENA) held in Munich, Germany, including one on the impact of supplementation with nutraceuticals on skin health, another on the use of nutraceuticals during pregnancy and lactation, and another on iron deficiency and iron substitution being experienced by women during their reproductive age.

Information on papers discussed at the 19th meeting of the European Stroke Conference (ESC) held on May 25-28, 2010 in Barcelona, Spain regarding stroke is presented. Topics include brain imaging, guidelines for warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation treatment, and interventional treatments that recommends not to ablate patient right after a stroke. The meeting featured several scientists, physicians and members of the international stroke community including C. Iadecola, T. Liebeg, and P. L. Clatworthy.

The article presents conference papers about dental caries, presented at the 56th ORCA Congress in Budapest, Hungary, on July 1-4, 2009. Studies presented include "Versatility of Number of Functioning Teeth as Oral Health Status Indicator in Different Age Populations," "A New Quantitative Summative Dental Treatment Need Index for Assessment of Dental Treatment Need," and "Plaque and Caries (ICDAS-II) Status in 3-Year-Old Children in Villavicencio, Colombia."

Information about several papers discussed at the 45th Scientific Meeting of the Japanese Society for Mucosal Immunology held at the Mielparque-Kyoto in Japan on July 3-4, 2008 is presented. Topics include the immunity of the digestive disease and liver, pancreatic disease. The featured speakers at the symposium include Professor Takanori Kanai of Keio University and Professor Matthew B. Grisham of LSU Health Science Center.

Information on several papers discussed at the first symposium of the Vienna Research Platform of Nutrition and Food Sciences (VRPNFS), held on April 25, 2008 in Vienna, Austria, is presented. Presentations of this one-day event are grouped into four topics, namely, antioxidants and oxidative stress, cell immunity, inflammation, nutrition and genetics, food quality and analytics, and further topics of nutrition and food research.

This section offers an overview of papers presented to the Fourth Pacific Symposium on Pain Control held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from November 2-4, 2008. These include one on the management of chronic intractable pain with OxyContin® tablets in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, one on the role of oxycodone in pain control with gastrointestinal malignancies and one on the therapeutic use of oxydocone for peripheral neuropathy caused by oxaliplatin.

The article presents the members of various committees as well as papers presented at the 16th European Stroke Conference in Glasgow, Scotland on May 29-June 1, 2007.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium on the occurrence of hypopituitarism in adults and children after traumatic brain injury is presented. The aim of the meeting was to define methods for prospective investigation of children at risk from this complication. Delegates from numerous countries attended the symposium. The presenters include pediatric and adult endocrinologist and scientists in the fields of rehabilitation, neurology and sports medicine.

The section outlines the research papers to be discussed at the 15th European Stroke Conference which will be held from May 16 to 19, 2006. Several symposium on the prevention and treatment of stroke are presented. Sessions on the recovery and rehabilitation of stroke patients, the risk factors of stroke and on diabetes will be conducted. A number of workshop and demonstration will be held.

This article presents abstracts of several papers presented at the 19th National Congress of the Italian Polyspecialist Society of Young Surgeons, organized during June 21-23, 2006, at Bologna, Italy. The first one is "New 'Biological' Markers to Identify Early Colorectal Neoplasms," which focuses on the patients affected by colorectal pathologies of the Streptococcus bovis. Another one is "The Endometriosis of the Superficial Levels."

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The aim of the study titled "Antibody Conjugated Near Infrared Dye Detects Focal Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE Deficient Mice," by M. Roser and colleagues, was to examine the expression of ED-B fibronectin in a murine model of moderate atherosclerosis to investigate its relevance for imaging of early atherosclerotic lesions. In order to better characterize the role of the B7/CD28 pathway in atherosclerosis, the study titled "Protective Role of B7 and CD28 Co-Stimulatory Molecules in the Development of Atherosclerosis," by S. Potteaux and colleagues, generated chimeric mice.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Early Differentiation of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells," by L. Bellik and colleagues, endothelial progenitor cells expansion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed within the first week of culture by flow cytometry. Both the adherent and suspended cells, of which the latter usually discarded, were considered. The study "Interaction of Embryonal Endothelial Progenitor Cells With Platelets," by H. Langer and colleagues, investigated, if endothelial progenitor cells adhere to platelets and if platelets can influence the biological development of endothelial progenitor cell.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Endothelial Cell-to-Cell Junctions," by E. Dejana, found that modifications of the molecular organization and intracellular signaling of junctional proteins might have complex effects on vascular growth and stabilization. The study "Interplay of Chemokines and Platelets in Vascular Cell Recruitment," by C. Weber, found that the intimate linkage between platelets and chemokines as culprits in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases may provide valuable targets for the design and development of selective molecular interventions.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Chronic Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (PETN) Treatment Does Not Induce Nitrate Tolerance And Cross-Tolerance in Wistar Rats: Antioxidative Side-Effects and Protection of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH-2) Activity as a Possible Explanation," by M. Coldewey and colleagues, tested whether lack of tolerance development upon chronic PETN treatment may be explained by the lack of oxidative stress induction and protection of mitochondrial ALDH-2. The study "Potent Novel Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalyst FP15 Improves Endothelial Dysfunction Associated With Aging," by T. Radovits and colleagues, aging male rats were treated for 3 weeks with vehicle or FP15.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Elevated Lipoprotein (a) Levels: A New Biological Marker of Venous Thromboembolic Risk," by F. Casals and colleagues, performed an observational study to characterize clinical and biological characteristics in a group of adult patients who presented with an episode of venous thromboembolism and very high levels of lipoprotein (a). The study "Cocultures of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (SMC) and Mononuclear Cells Synergistically Produce Interleukin-6," by L. Chen and colleagues, investigated the interaction of human mononuclear cells (MNC) and SMC. MNC or SMC were cocultured in vitro in one well, in the absence or presence of endotoxin.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd European meeting on vascular biology and medicine. The study titled "Complement Factor B and sC5b-9 are Elevated in First-Degree Relatives of South Asian Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)," by R. Somani and colleagues, recruited 119 first-degree relatives of South Asian subjects with T2DM and 119 age and sex-matched South Asian controls. All subjects provided a full medical history, underwent a physical examination and provided a fasting blood sample for measurement of complement factors and standard biochemical risk factors. The study "Collateral Growth in Patients with Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: Enhanced Proliferative Activity in the Collateral Circulation of Diabetics," by V. Tchaikovski and colleagues, investigated the total proliferative activity of serum from the collateral circulation and compared this with the proliferative activity in the systemic circulation in patients with chronic total coronary occlusions.

Background and Aims: During the month of Ramadan, Moslems refrain from drinking and eating between sun- rise and sunset. This review aimed to analyze the effects of Ramadan fasting on physiological and behavioral variables in healthy subjects. Methods: Articles included in this paper were taken from Medline, three international congresses on health and Ramadan, and in several cases from local journals. Results: Ramadan fasting did not dramatically affect the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, or the daily mean of hormonal serum levels. An increase in serum urea and uric acid was frequently reported and this could be attributed to dehydration during this month. Some changes, such as the increase of HDL and apoprotein Al, and the decrease in LDL, could be beneficial for the cardiovascular system. However, the chronobiological studies have shown that Ramadan fasting affects the circadian distribution of body temperature, cortisol, melatonin and glycemia. The amplitude of most of these rhythms decreased and the acrophase shifted. Nocturnal sleep, daytime alertness and psychomotor performance were decreased. Conclusion: The major changes during Ramadan fasting are chronobiological and behavioral. They could be responsible for the high incidence of road traffic accidents and the reduction of working hours during the month of Ramadan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of the papers presented in the 9th symposium of the Austrian Pharmacological Society (APHAR).

Presents abstracts of papers highlighted at the 41st Annual Meeting of European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. "Endothelial Dysfunction But Not Platelet Dysaggregability in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus," by A. Gerasimidi-Vazeou et al; "Height Weight and Body-Mass-Index in Patients With Type-1 Diabetes: From Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Care," by R.W. Holl et al; "Psychosocial Aspects, Self-Management of Diabetes in Adolescence in Relationship to the Age of Diagnosis," by A. Irune et al; "Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Two Brothers," by C. Theodoridis et al.

Presents abstracts of papers featured at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. "Genetic Epidemiology of Mody Diabetes in the Czech Republic," by S. Pruhova et al; "Insulin Pump Therapy First Experience in Latvia," by I. Dzivite; "Insulin Requirement at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Is Age-Dependent," by A. Herbst et al; "Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Needs Lifelong Treatment," by M.R. Azar; "Growth and Puberty After Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia," by N. Setian et al.

Presents abstracts of papers highlighted at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. "Identification of Novel WFS1 Mutations in Italian Children With Wolfram Syndrome," by L. Carbone et al; "Three Girls in Two Dutch Families With a New Mody 3 Gene Mutation," by S. Naghib et al; "Gene Polymorphisms, Hypertension and Cerebral Blood Flow in Children With Type 1 Diabetes," by A. Dost et al; "Morning Lypolitic Activity and Ketonemia in Children With Type 1 Diabetes," by B.J. Bonet et al; "Relationships and Determinants of Insulin Clearance and Insulin Sensitivity in Children," by R.M. Williams.

Presents abstracts of papers highlighted at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. "When One Is Not Enough: Endocrine Consequences of Haploinsufficiency," by J. Parks; "Williams-Beuren Syndrome," by L.A. Pérez-Jurado; "Genetics of Congenital Hypothyroidism," by R. Di Lauro; "Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of Neonatal Diabetes," by P. Czernichow; "Transgenic and Genomic Approaches to the Study of Female Puberty," by S.R. Ojeda et al.

Provides abstracts from the papers presented in the 5th Symposium of the Austrian Pharmacological Society held in Vienna from November 26, 1999 to November, 27 1999. Suggestion to form cation channels activated by the phospholipase C/IP3/diacylglycerol pathway; Representation of Kynurenine pathway as one of the metabolic routes of tryptophan degradation leading to niacin formation; Finding of two different molecular forms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) in vertebrates encoded by different genes.

Provides abstracts of the papers presented in the 8th Walter Brendel Symposium on Applied Immunology and Microcirculation.

Presents research papers that were presented at the 28th annual meeting of the Nordic Microcirculation Society which was held in Geilo, Norway from January 29 to 31, 1998. "Neurofibromin, a Tumor Suppressor Protein, Does Not Take Part Essentially in the Silica-Induced Granulomatous Reaction"; "Skin Microvascular Dilatation Response to Acetylcholine and Sodium Nitroprusside in Peripheral Arterial Disease"; "Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension and Toe Pressure as Predictors for Outcome of Diabetic Foot Ulcers."

The article presents abstracts of award-winning papers presented at the 17th Annual Health Sciences Poster Conference held in Kuwait in May 2012, including "The Acute Effect of Shisha Smoking on Oxygen Saturation Level and Heart Rate," "Effect of Increased Extracellular pH on Morphological Behavior of Breast Cancer Cells" and "Acute Abdomen and Schistosomiasis."

Information about several papers discussed at the 17th European Stroke Conference at the Acropolis Palais de Congrèss et des Exposition facility in Nice, France is presented. Topics include acute stroke, stroke and infections, risk factors and their management and ditto for diabetes. The conference was attended by not less than 3665 attendees from 83 countries and highlight several physicians and surgeons.

Information about several papers discussed at the 21st European Stroke Conference held May 22-25, 2012 in Lisbon, Portugal regarding some of the ongoing clinical trials in cerebrovascular diseases. Topics include carotid artery angioplasty, citicoline trials, and thrombolysis trials. The conference featured several health professionals including Joanna M. Wardlaw, Peter Sandercock, and Martin M. Brown.

Information about several papers discussed at an expert conference held in Barcelona, Spain in October 2009 concerning developments in idiopathic short stature (ISS) research is presented. Topics include if the clinical syndromes of constitutional delay of growth and puberty and clinical syndromes of familial short stature should be included in the definition of ISS and in treatment options of ISS. It also talks about the safety and efficacy of growth hormone therapy and alternative therapies.

Information about several papers discussed at the 14th European Stroke Organization (ESO) Stroke Summer School held by the ESO in Warsaw, Poland on June 27 to July 3, 2010 is presented. Topics include the epidemiology and risk factors of stroke. The event featured several speakers from the field of medicine and pharmacology.

Information on several papers presented at the Ninth International Conference (Alzheimer's Disease) AD/PD (Parkinson's Disease) Prague, titled "Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Diseases: Advances, Concepts and New Challenges," held in Czech Republic, from March 11-15, 2009, by guest editors Abraham Fisher, Ness Ziona Israel Hanin, is given.

Highlights the Sixth International Congress of Neuroethology held on August 2001 in Bonn, Germany. Theme adopted for the event; Discussions on the potency of chemical modulators of behaviors; Presentation of papers on the second order modulation of the biogenic amines.

Presents highlights of discussions on 24-hour symptom control in Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS), in the symposium titled Management of Movement Disorders: The Challenge of 24-Hour Symptom Control, held in The Bella Centre in Copenhagen, Denmark on October 15, 2000. Discussion on the various causes of sleep disruption in PD; Paper related to continuous noninvasive analysis of the motor state in PD; Presentation of clinical data related to the use of cabergoline in RLS.

The article offers information on the periodical, Epithelia-Mesenchymal Transition meeting and severa books. It states how authors can submit their articles to the periodical including type of papers, supplementary material and digital object identifier (DOI). The meeting will be held in Alicante, Spain from November 13-16, 2013. The book "Nanomedicine: Basic and Clinical Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy," edited by Christoph Alexiou is on the use of nanotechnology in human health.

The article discusses the highlights of the 10th EURETINA Congress of the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA) held in Paris, France on September 2 to 5, 2010. Ophthalmologists also attended the 2010 event following the partnership forged by EURETINA with the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ECRS). It provides an overview of the EURETINA Lecture 2010 given by Professor Anthony Moore about the current state of research into retinovascular disorders of childhood. It relates the increase in attendance and paper submissions.

Presents the author index of the papers presented in the 9th Austrian Pharmacological Society ( APHAR) symposium.